139  
FXUS63 KLMK 042315  
AFDLMK  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY  
615 PM EST TUE NOV 4 2025  
   
..UPDATED AVIATION DISCUSSION  
 
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
* BREEZY AND WARM CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED ON WEDNESDAY. WIND GUSTS  
OF 20 TO 30 MPH, WITH SPORADIC GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH, ARE EXPECTED.  
 
* THE NEXT CHANCE OF RAIN WILL COME FRIDAY AS A COLD FRONT BRINGS  
SHOWERS AND POSSIBLY A FEW STRONG THUNDERSTORMS TO THE AREA.  
 
* ANOTHER COLD FRONT LATE THIS WEEKEND COULD BRING HIGHS IN THE 40S  
EARLY NEXT WEEK.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM /THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/  
 
ISSUED AT 355 PM EST TUE NOV 4 2025  
 
THIS AFTERNOON, SFC HIGH PRESSURE IS CENTERED OVER THE SOUTHERN  
APPALACHIANS WITH LOW PRESSURE DEVELOPING OVER THE NORTHERN PLAINS.  
THE UPPER-LEVEL PATTERN IS FAIRLY ZONAL ACROSS NORTH AMERICA, BUT IS  
EXPECTED TO AMPLIFY TONIGHT INTO TOMORROW AS A COUPLE UPPER-LEVEL  
AND SFC DISTURBANCE MOVES ACROSS THE NORTHERN US. WHILE THE SFC LOW  
IS EXPECTED TO TRAVERSE THE UPPER GREAT LAKES, A TRAILING COLD FRONT  
WILL APPROACH AND CROSS THE OHIO VALLEY TOMORROW.  
 
TONIGHT, AS THE SFC PRESSURE GRADIENT TIGHTENS DUE TO FALLING  
PRESSURES TO THE NORTH AND WEST OF THE AREA, LIGHT SOUTH WINDS  
SHOULD CONTINUE OVERNIGHT, ON THE ORDER OF 5 TO 10 MPH. AS A RESULT  
OF MORE WELL-MIXED CONDITIONS TONIGHT, TEMPERATURES WILL BE  
NOTICEABLY MILDER OVERNIGHT WITH FOG DEVELOPMENT BEING UNLIKELY,  
EVEN IN THE TYPICALLY FOGGY AREAS. LOWS ARE EXPECTED TO FALL TO  
AROUND 50 DEGREES IN THE WARMER URBAN CENTERS, WITH COOLER VALLEYS  
(ESPECIALLY ACROSS EAST-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST KY) EXPECTED TO FALL  
INTO THE LOW-TO-MID 40S.  
 
TOMORROW SHOULD BE A WARM AND BREEZY DAY ACROSS THE AREA, WITH  
TEMPERATURES WARMING INTO THE UPPER 60S AND LOW 70S ACROSS SOUTHERN  
IN AND CENTRAL KY. WHILE THERE WILL BE TEPID MOISTURE ADVECTION  
AHEAD OF THE FRONT, PW VALUES ARE ONLY EXPECTED TO INCREASE TO  
AROUND 0.75" IMMEDIATELY AHEAD OF THE FRONT, AND SOUNDINGS SUGGEST  
THAT THIS WILL MANIFEST AS SCATTERED MID- AND UPPER-LEVEL CLOUDS.  
WHAT WILL BE MORE NOTEWORTHY TOMORROW WILL BE THE STRONGER SW WIND  
GUSTS, WITH BUFKIT MOMENTUM TRANSFER PROGS SHOWING THE POTENTIAL FOR  
A FEW 25+ KT GUSTS, ESPECIALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF I-64 TOMORROW  
AFTERNOON. ON AVERAGE, SUSTAINED WINDS OF 10 TO 20 MPH LOOKS LIKE A  
PRETTY GOOD BET, WITH WIND GUSTS GENERALLY AROUND 20 TO 30 MPH, WITH  
SPORADIC 30+ MPH GUSTS.  
 
WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO VEER WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON INTO WEDNESDAY NIGHT  
AS THE COLD FRONT FINALLY SWEEPS THROUGH THE REGION. THIS SHOULD  
ALLOW FOR MODEST COLD ADVECTION TO BEGIN, WITH WINDS SLACKING  
WEDNESDAY NIGHT AS HIGH PRESSURE BEGINS TO MOVE INTO THE AREA ONCE  
AGAIN. UNDER MOSTLY CLEAR SKIES, TEMPERATURES SHOULD FALL INTO THE  
MID-TO-UPPER 30S AND LOW 40S THURSDAY MORNING.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 355 PM EST TUE NOV 4 2025  
 
THURSDAY - THURSDAY NIGHT...  
 
THE EXTENDED FORECAST PERIOD SHOULD START OUT WITH DRY WEATHER AND  
SEASONABLE TEMPERATURES ON THURSDAY AS HIGH PRESSURE STARTS THE DAY  
OVER THE OHIO VALLEY. THE UPPER-LEVEL PATTERN WILL REMAIN FAIRLY  
ZONAL THROUGH THE DAY ON THURSDAY, WITH LOW AMPLITUDE RIDGING MOVING  
ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS. WHILE WEAK WARM ADVECTION  
SHOULD BEGIN THURSDAY EVENING INTO THURSDAY NIGHT, HIGH TEMPERATURES  
SHOULD BE COOLER THAN TOMORROW, RANGING FROM THE UPPER 50S ACROSS  
THE NORTHEAST CWA TO THE MID 60S ALONG THE TN BORDER.  
 
THURSDAY NIGHT, AN UPPER-LEVEL SHORTWAVE WILL BEGIN TO AMPLIFY OVER  
THE NORTH CENTRAL US, SINKING ACROSS THE MIDWEST AS WE HEAD INTO  
FRIDAY MORNING. LOW-LEVEL RESPONSE TO FALLING HEIGHTS ALOFT WILL  
LEAD TO A STRENGTHENING SOUTHWESTERLY LLJ, INCREASING MOISTURE AND  
BRINGING WARMER AIR INTO THE REGION. AT THIS TIME, THURSDAY NIGHT  
INTO EARLY FRIDAY MORNING IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN DRY, THOUGH CLOUDS  
SHOULD INCREASE FROM NW TO SE. LOW TEMPERATURES WILL BE CONSIDERABLY  
MILDER THURSDAY NIGHT, WITH MOST LOCATIONS FALLING INTO THE 40S.  
 
FRIDAY - FRIDAY NIGHT...  
 
THE MAIN SYSTEM OF INTEREST IN THE LONG TERM ARRIVES DURING THE DAY  
ON FRIDAY AS A COLD FRONT ASSOCIATED WITH THE AFOREMENTIONED  
SHORTWAVE PUSHES FROM WEST TO EAST ACROSS THE REGION. MOISTURE  
ADVECTION THURSDAY NIGHT INTO FRIDAY MORNING SHOULD RESULT IN A  
PLUME OF SFC DEWPOINTS IN THE UPPER 50S AND LOWER 60S AND PWATS OF  
1.1-1.3" JUST AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT. THE COMBINATION OF MOISTURE  
AND FORCING FROM THE COLD FRONT SHOULD LEAD TO A BAND OF RAIN  
SHOWERS DEVELOPING IN THE VICINITY OF THE FRONT DURING THE DAY ON  
FRIDAY. THERE CONTINUES TO BE SOME TIMING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE  
ECMWF, WHICH HAS PRECIPITATION MOVING THROUGH THE AREA EARLIER IN  
THE DAY, AND THE GFS, WHICH HAS PRECIPITATION MOVING THROUGH LATER  
IN THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING ON FRIDAY.  
 
AS PREVIOUS DISCUSSION AND THE SPC EXTENDED OUTLOOK HAVE NOTED,  
THERE IS A LOW, BUT NON-ZERO CHANCE FOR A FEW GUSTY THUNDERSTORMS ON  
FRIDAY, SOME OF WHICH COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE. INSTABILITY WILL BE  
MEAGER, ON THE ORDER OF 300-500 J/KG, AND SOUNDING PROFILES SUGGEST  
THAT INSTABILITY WILL BE SPREAD THROUGHOUT A RELATIVELY DEEP LAYER  
(A.K.A. A "TALL, SKINNY CAPE" PROFILE). ON THE OTHER HAND, STRONG  
FLOW ALOFT WILL SUPPORT SEASONABLY STRONG DEEP LAYER SHEAR, ON THE  
ORDER OF 50 KT. WHILE THE LOW-LEVEL WIND PROFILES ARE FAIRLY  
VEERED/UNIDIRECTIONAL, THERE IS ENOUGH CURVATURE IN THE HODOGRAPH TO  
FEATURE A CONDITIONAL LOW TORNADO THREAT, IN ADDITION TO STRONG  
STRAIGHT-LINE WINDS. IN SHORT, SEVERE WEATHER STILL LOOKS UNLIKELY  
ON FRIDAY, BUT A CONDITIONAL THREAT EXISTS IF SUFFICIENT SFC-BASED  
INSTABILITY IS REALIZED.  
 
OUTSIDE OF THE STORM POTENTIAL, GUSTY GRADIENT WINDS ARE LIKELY  
DURING THE DAY ON FRIDAY. WHILE UNCERTAINTIES SURROUNDING CLOUD  
COVER AND LOW-LEVEL LAPSE RATES ABOUND, IT IS LIKELY THAT WIDESPREAD  
WIND GUSTS OF 25 TO 35 MPH WILL BE OBSERVED, WITH PEAK GUSTS OF 35  
TO 45 MPH POSSIBLE.  
 
THE MAIN LINE OF PRECIPITATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE COLD FRONT SHOULD  
CLEAR TO THE EAST OF THE REGION BY FRIDAY NIGHT, WITH WINDS  
GRADUALLY DISSIPATING BY SATURDAY MORNING.  
 
SATURDAY - MONDAY NIGHT...  
 
FOR THE WEEKEND INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK, LONGWAVE TROUGHING WILL SETTLE  
ACROSS THE EASTERN CONUS AS RIDGING BUILDS ALONG THE WEST COAST.  
WITHIN THE BASE OF THE BROADER UPPER TROUGH, SEVERAL SHORTWAVES WILL  
PIVOT ACROSS THE REGION, LEADING TO A SOMEWHAT UNSETTLED PATTERN.  
 
AFTER A MOSTLY DRY DAY ON SATURDAY, MEDIUM-RANGE GUIDANCE HAS  
CONVERGED ON A DISTURBANCE SWINGING ACROSS THE REGION SATURDAY NIGHT  
INTO SUNDAY MORNING. WHILE PRECIPITATION AMOUNTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE  
LIGHT, THIS SYSTEM WILL BRING A REINFORCING SHOT OF COLD AIR FOR THE  
END OF THE WEEKEND INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK. STRONG COLD ADVECTION  
SUNDAY INTO SUNDAY NIGHT WILL CAUSE TEMPERATURES TO STRUGGLE TO WARM  
INTO THE UPPER 40S AND 50S ON SUNDAY BEFORE FALLING INTO THE 30S  
(POSSIBLY UPPER 20S) SUNDAY NIGHT. AT THIS POINT, THERE IS  
CONSIDERABLE DISAGREEMENT SURROUNDING AN ADDITIONAL WAVE WHICH COULD  
BRING A CHANCE FOR RAIN, AND POSSIBLY MIXED RAIN AND SNOW SHOWERS,  
SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING. THE GFS AND ITS ENSEMBLES IS  
FARTHER TO THE EAST WITH THIS DISTURBANCE, KEEPING THE BEST  
CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION OVER THE APPALACHIANS. ON THE OTHER  
HAND, THE DETERMINISTIC ECMWF AND ASSOCIATED ENSEMBLES BRINGS  
THESE WINTRY SHOWERS ACROSS OUR AREA. SINCE PRECIPITATION  
AMOUNTS SHOULD BE LIGHT AND TEMPERATURES WILL BE MARGINAL, THIS  
EVENT, IF IT IS BORNE OUT, DOESN'T LOOK ALL THAT IMPACTFUL, BUT  
IS SOMETHING WORTH WATCHING.  
 
ONCE THE TROUGH REACHES ITS PEAK AMPLITUDE NEXT MONDAY, TEMPERATURES  
SHOULD GRADUALLY BEGIN TO MODERATE AS WE HEAD INTO THE MIDDLE OF  
NEXT WEEK. THE COLDEST AIR SO FAR THIS YEAR SHOULD KEEP HIGHS IN THE  
LOW 40S ON MONDAY, WITH WIDESPREAD LOWS IN THE 20S POSSIBLE MONDAY  
NIGHT. DRIER WEATHER IS EXPECTED BY MONDAY AFTERNOON, CONTINUING  
INTO NEXT TUESDAY.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z THURSDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 614 PM EST TUE NOV 4 2025  
 
VFR CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED DURING THE UPCOMING TAF PERIOD. MAIN  
CONCERN OVERNIGHT WILL BE AN APPROACHING FROM THE NORTHWEST. A LLJ  
WILL SPREAD OVER THE REGION RESULTING IN IN LLWS AFTER 05/06Z AND  
CONTINUING INTO MID-MORNING WEDNESDAY.  
 
WINDS WILL GRADUALLY INCREASE AND VEER TO THE SSW LATE TONIGHT.  
WINDS WILL BECOME GUSTY LATE TOMORROW MORNING, WITH 20-30 KT GUSTS  
EXPECTED BY THE END OF THE CURRENT FORECAST PERIOD.  
 
 
   
LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
KY...NONE.  
IN...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
SHORT TERM...CSG  
LONG TERM....CSG  
AVIATION.....MJ  
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