965  
FXUS02 KWBC 300701  
PMDEPD  
 
EXTENDED FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
300 AM EDT SAT SEP 30 2023  
 
VALID 12Z TUE OCT 03 2023 - 12Z SAT OCT 07 2023  
   
..OVERVIEW
 
 
AN AMPLIFIED PATTERN IS IN STORE NEXT WEEK, AS AN UPPER TROUGH  
TRACKS ACROSS THE INTERIOR WEST AND THEN INTO THE PLAINS AND  
EAST-CENTRAL U.S., WITH AMPLIFIED UPPER RIDGES ON EITHER SIDE. THE  
UPPER TROUGH WILL SUPPORT COOLER THAN NORMAL TEMPERATURES IN THE  
WEST AND PUSHING INTO THE CENTRAL U.S. IN MODERATED FORM AS THE  
WEEK PROGRESSES, WHILE WARMER THAN NORMAL TEMPERATURES ACROSS THE  
NORTHEASTERN QUADRANT OF THE CONUS WILL BECOME MORE LIMITED IN  
AREA BY LATE WEEK. MOIST AND UNSTABLE INFLOW JUST AHEAD OF THE  
TROUGH AND AN ASSOCIATED WAVY COLD FRONT WILL LIKELY PRODUCE AN  
EMERGING CONVECTIVE RAINFALL PATTERN FOR MUCH OF THE PLAINS  
TUESDAY AND FOCUSED IN THE SOUTHERN PLAINS BY WEDNESDAY. SOME  
RAINFALL THAT WILL LIKELY BE LIGHTER LOOKS TO PUSH INTO THE  
EASTERN U.S. LATER IN THE WEEK.  
 
   
..GUIDANCE EVALUATION/PREDICTABILITY ASSESSMENT
 
 
MODEL GUIDANCE HAS AT LEAST BEEN LOCKED IN WITH SHOWING A FAIRLY  
DEEP TROUGH TO PUSH THROUGH MUCH OF THE CONUS THROUGH NEXT WEEK,  
AND SHOW SIMILAR TIMING WITH ITS AXIS MOVING ACROSS THE ROCKIES  
TUESDAY INTO THE CENTRAL U.S. WEDNESDAY. SHORTWAVES WITHIN THE  
TROUGH ARE SOMEWHAT MORE QUESTIONABLE BUT WITHIN REASONABLE  
SPREAD. THE EARLY PART OF THE FORECAST PERIOD WAS BASED ON A BLEND  
OF THE 12/18Z GFS AND THE 12Z ECMWF, CMC, AND UKMET THAT ALL  
SEEMED WITHIN REASON INITIALLY.  
 
BY THE LATTER HALF OF THE WEEK, MODELS DIVERGE WITH A FEW ASPECTS  
OF THE TROUGH'S EVOLUTION AS IT TRACKS EAST. FOR MULTIPLE MODEL  
RUNS, THE GFS SUITE HAS BEEN INDICATING MORE RIDGING ACROSS  
WESTERN CANADA THAN THE ECMWF/CMC THAT HAVE BEEN STRONGER WITH  
SHORTWAVE ENERGY SUPPRESSING THAT NORTHEASTERN SIDE OF THE RIDGE,  
WHICH HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE AXIS AND DEPTH OF THE TROUGH  
DOWNSTREAM. THE INCOMING 00Z GFS AND GEFS ARE FINALLY SHOWING A  
LITTLE MORE EVIDENCE FOR THE SHORTWAVE, RELATIVELY MORE COMPARABLE  
TO OTHER GUIDANCE. THE SHORTWAVE ENERGY SERVES TO BROADEN THE  
TROUGH BY LATE WEEK. THUS A NARROW TROUGH LIKE THE 12Z GFS WAS  
SHOWING HAS BECOME MORE OF AN OUTLIER ESPECIALLY IN SEEING THE  
NEWER 00Z GUIDANCE.  
 
MEANWHILE THE BASE OF THE TROUGH IS ANOTHER AREA OF UNCERTAINTY,  
AS SOME MODEL RUNS INCLUDING THE 12Z CMC AND UKMET AS WELL AS THE  
18Z GFS (IN A MORE PHASED WAY) HOLD SOME ENERGY BACK IN THE  
SOUTHWEST INTO LATE WEEK. THIS HAS SEEMED LIKE THE MINORITY  
SCENARIO FOR THE PAST DAY OR TWO, BUT THE 00Z CMC AND GFS HAVE  
COME IN INDICATING THIS AS WELL, MAINTAINING THAT POSSIBILITY. THE  
ECMWF HAS BEEN INDICATING RIDGING THERE.  
 
THUS THE WPC FORECAST TRANSITIONS GRADUALLY TO A MORE ENSEMBLE  
MEAN-HEAVY BLEND BY THE LATTER PART OF THE WEEK DUE TO THE  
INCREASING MODEL SPREAD AS THE FORECAST PERIOD PROGRESSES. THIS  
SERVES TO MINIMIZE THE INDIVIDUAL MODEL DIFFERENCES BUT DOES  
MAINTAIN THE LARGER SCALE UPPER TROUGH WITH RIDGING ON EITHER SIDE.  
 
   
..WEATHER/HAZARDS HIGHLIGHTS
 
 
THE TROUGH AND COLD FRONT EMERGING INTO THE PLAINS WILL SUPPORT  
WIDESPREAD RAIN AND THUNDERSTORMS IN THE CENTRAL U.S. ON TUESDAY.  
A BROAD MARGINAL RISK IN THE EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OUTLOOK COVERS  
MOST OF THE REGION, BUT GUIDANCE SEEMS TO HAVE NARROWED IN ON  
HEAVIER QPF ALONG THE SURFACE LOW TRACK IN THE NORTHERN  
PLAINS/MIDWEST. THE FRONTAL LOW ALONG WITH A POTENT SHORTWAVE AND  
SOME INSTABILITY IN THE VICINITY SHOULD PROVIDE THE INGREDIENTS  
FOR HEAVY RAINFALL, AND A SLIGHT RISK HAS BEEN DELINEATED FOR  
EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA/NORTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA/NORTHWESTERN  
MINNESOTA. THEN BY WEDNESDAY, THE NORTHERN SIDE OF THE COLD FRONT  
MAY BE MOVING MORE PROGRESSIVELY THROUGH THE MIDWEST FOR SOME  
LIGHTER RAIN, WHILE HEAVY RAIN AND THUNDERSTORMS BECOME MORE  
WIDESPREAD IN THE SOUTHERN PLAINS WHERE THE RIGHT ENTRANCE REGION  
OF THE JET WILL PROVIDE AMPLE LIFT AND PLENTY OF INSTABILITY IS IN  
PLACE JUST AHEAD OF THE FRONT. THUS A SLIGHT RISK IS IN PLACE  
THERE IN THE DAY 5/WEDNESDAY ERO, AS DESPITE THE DROUGHT  
CONDITIONS, HIGH RAIN RATES THAT COULD OVERCOME THE DRYNESS ARE  
LIKELY. THE COLD FRONT SHOULD GRADUALLY PUSH THROUGH THE  
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S. THURSDAY AND FRIDAY, PRESSING RAIN CHANCES  
SOUTHWARD WITH IT. MEANWHILE SHOWERS ARE FORECAST TO TRACK ACROSS  
THE OHIO/TENNESSEE VALLEYS AROUND THURSDAY AND INTO THE EAST BY  
FRIDAY ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE FRONT. NOT TOO MUCH PRECIPITATION  
LOOKS TO OCCUR ELSEWHERE, THOUGH THERE COULD BE SOME LINGERING  
SNOW OVER HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF THE WEST IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE  
UPPER TROUGH CROSSING THE REGION THROUGH MIDWEEK. SOME RAIN IN THE  
WESTERN ATLANTIC COULD PROVIDE A FEW SHOWERS TO EASTERN FLORIDA,  
BUT OTHERWISE LOOKS TO STAY MAINLY OFFSHORE.  
 
IN TERMS OF TEMPERATURES, THE AMPLIFIED TROUGH WILL LEAD TO COOLER  
TEMPERATURES THAN AVERAGE WHILE THE RIDGE TO THE EAST WILL SUPPORT  
ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES. THE INTERIOR WEST SHOULD SEE COOLER  
TEMPERATURES THAN AVERAGE ESPECIALLY THROUGH MIDWEEK, WITH WITH  
LOWS 5-10F BELOW NORMAL BUT HIGHS AROUND 10-20F BELOW AVERAGE.  
THIS PUTS HIGH TEMPERATURES GENERALLY IN THE 80S FOR THE SOUTHWEST  
AND THE 50S AND 60S FOR THE GREAT BASIN THROUGH AROUND MIDWEEK,  
WARMING TO NEAR NORMAL FOR THE LATTER PART OF THE WEEK. MEANWHILE  
WARMER THAN AVERAGE TEMPERATURES BY AROUND 15-20F ABOVE NORMAL ARE  
FORECAST FOR THE MIDWEST INTO THE GREAT LAKES AND THE INTERIOR  
NORTHEAST, WITH HIGHS IN THE UPPER 70S TO LOW 80S. AS THE COLD  
FRONT AND UPPER TROUGH MARCH EAST INTO THE LATTER HALF OF THE  
WEEK, HIGH TEMPERATURES WILL COOL TO BELOW AVERAGE ACROSS THE  
CENTRAL AND THEN EAST-CENTRAL U.S., LIMITING THE ABOVE NORMAL  
TEMPERATURES TO THE NORTHEAST. ANOTHER UPPER RIDGE COMING IN  
BEHIND THE TROUGH SHOULD RAISE TEMPERATURES ALONG THE WEST COAST  
TO ABOVE AVERAGE.  
 
TATE  
 
ADDITIONAL 3-7 DAY HAZARD INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND ON THE WPC  
MEDIUM RANGE HAZARDS OUTLOOK CHART AT:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/THREATS/THREATS.PHP  
 
WPC MEDIUM RANGE 500MB HEIGHTS, SURFACE SYSTEMS, WEATHER GRIDS,  
QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECAST, EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OUTLOOK,  
WINTER WEATHER OUTLOOK PROBABILITIES, HEAT INDICES AND KEY  
MESSAGES ARE AT:  
 
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/MEDR/5DAYFCST500_WBG.GIF  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/MEDR/5DAYFCST_WBG_CONUS.GIF  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/5KM_GRIDS/5KM_GRIDSBODY.HTML  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/DAY4-7.SHTML  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/#PAGE=ERO  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/WWD/PWPF_D47/PWPF_MEDR.PHP?DAY=4  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/HEAT_INDEX.SHTML  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/#PAGE=OVW  
 

 
 

 
 
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