566  
FXUS07 KWBC 311901  
PMD30D  
PROGNOSTIC DISCUSSION FOR MONTHLY OUTLOOK  
NWS CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
300 PM EDT FRI JUL 31 2026  
 
30-DAY OUTLOOK DISCUSSION FOR AUG 2026  
 
AS OF THE END OF JULY 2026, AN EL NIñO ADVISORY, MEANING THAT EL NIñO  
CONDITIONS ARE PRESENT AND EXPECTED TO CONTINUE, REMAINS IN EFFECT. THE LATEST  
WEEKLY OBSERVED SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES (SSTS) IN THE NIñO 3.4 REGION WERE  
1.4 DEGREES CELSIUS ABOVE AVERAGE, WHICH IS CONSISTENT WITH THE UPPER END OF A  
MODERATE STRENGTH EL NIñO. MEANWHILE, THE MADDEN JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO) IS  
WEAKENING AND IS PREDICTED TO FURTHER WEAKEN IN THE SHORT TERM AS IT MOVES INTO  
THE INDIAN OCEAN, AND ENTERS INTO A PERIOD OF DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE WITH EL  
NIñO. HOWEVER, RECENT DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE INDICATES THE POTENTIAL FOR  
RE-INTENSIFICATION OF THE MJO SIGNAL IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC (PHASE 6 IN  
WHEELER-HENDON SPACE) TOWARD THE MIDDLE OF AUGUST. RECENT TRENDS FOR THE MONTH  
OF AUGUST GENERALLY SUPPORT ABOVE NORMAL MID-LEVEL HEIGHTS ACROSS THE WEST,  
SOUTHERN PLAINS, AND SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA, WHILE BELOW NORMAL HEIGHTS HAVE BEEN  
OBSERVED IN NORTHWESTERN ALASKA. DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE FROM THE EUROPEAN  
CENTRE FOR MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS (ECMWF) AND THE GLOBAL ENSEMBLE  
FORECAST SYSTEM (GEFS) GENERALLY SUPPORT ABOVE NORMAL MID-LEVEL HEIGHTS ACROSS  
MOST OF THE LOWER 48 STATES THROUGHOUT MUCH OF THE MONTH OF AUGUST. HOWEVER, A  
TROUGH FORECAST OVER SOUTHERN CANADA MAY GRAZE PARTS OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND  
GREAT LAKES EARLY IN THE MONTH BEFORE SETTLING ACROSS THE NORTHEAST BY THE  
MIDDLE OF THE MONTH. CYCLONIC MID-LEVEL FLOW IS GENERALLY FAVORED OVER CENTRAL  
MAINLAND ALASKA EARLY IN THE MONTH BEFORE POTENTIALLY RETROGRADING TOWARD THE  
WESTERN OR SOUTHWESTERN MAINLAND BY MID-MONTH. THE MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO THE  
UPDATED MONTHLY OUTLOOK FOR AUGUST WERE DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE, OFFICIAL  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE (NWS) SHORT AND EXTENDED RANGE FORECASTS FOR DAYS 1-7,  
WEEK-2, AND WEEKS 3-4, THE BACKGROUND EL NIñO STATE, MJO, TRENDS, AND  
ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS SUCH AS SOIL MOISTURE AND NEARSHORE SSTS.  
 
ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES ARE FAVORED FOR THE WESTERN AND SOUTHERN TWO-THIRDS  
OF THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED STATES (CONUS). CONFIDENCE IS HIGH (GREATER THAN 50  
PERCENT CHANCE) FOR ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES ACROSS MUCH OF THE SOUTHERN  
PLAINS, WHERE EL NIñO COMPOSITES, TREND, AND DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE ALL  
SUPPORT INCREASED WARMTH. CONFIDENCE IS ALSO HIGH (GREATER THAN 50 PERCENT  
CHANCE) FOR ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES ACROSS COASTAL CALIFORNIA DUE TO A  
COMBINATION OF PREDICTED MID-LEVEL RIDGING AND OBSERVED ABOVE NORMAL SSTS IN  
NEARSHORE WATERS. CONFIDENCE IS LOW ACROSS FROM THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND GREAT  
LAKES, WHERE EL NIñO COMPOSITES ARE GENERALLY LESS SUPPORTIVE OF ANOMALOUS  
WARMTH. EQUAL CHANCES (EC) OF ABOVE, NEAR, AND BELOW NORMAL TEMPERATURES ARE  
INDICATED FOR THESE AREAS. ADDITIONALLY, DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE PREDICTS A  
PROGRESSION OF A MID-LEVEL TROUGH ACROSS SOUTHERN CANADA DURING THE EARLY TO  
MIDDLE PARTS OF AUGUST. THIS TROUGH MAY GRAZE THE NORTHERN TIER OF THE CONUS  
BEFORE POTENTIALLY SETTLING OVER THE NORTHEAST BY MID-MONTH. DUE TO THE  
POTENTIAL FOR ANOMALOUS TROUGHING ACROSS THE NORTHEAST DURING MID TO LATE  
AUGUST COUPLED WITH BELOW NORMAL OBSERVED NEARSHORE SSTS, EC IS INDICATED  
ACROSS THE NORTHEASTERN CONUS, MARKING A REDUCTION IN ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURE  
PROBABILITIES RELATIVE TO THE MID-MONTH OUTLOOK. CONFIDENCE IS ALSO LOW ACROSS  
ALASKA, DUE TO MIXED SIGNALS AMONG STATISTICAL AND DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE. AS  
SUCH, ELEVATED CHANCES OF ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES ARE LIMITED TO EXTREME  
EASTERN SECTIONS OF THE MAINLAND AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST ALASKA. PREDICTED  
CYCLONIC MID-LEVEL FLOW AS WELL AS OBSERVED BELOW NORMAL NEARSHORE SSTS  
ADJACENT TO THE SOUTH COAST AND ABOVE NORMAL SEA ICE TO THE NORTH OF THE STATE  
PRECLUDE FAVORING ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES ACROSS THE REMAINDER OF THE STATE.  
 
ABOVE NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS FAVORED ACROSS A LARGE PORTION OF THE SOUTHWEST  
AND GREAT BASIN, AS DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE IS IN GOOD AGREEMENT ON A RENEWED  
PUSH OF MONSOONAL MOISTURE INTO THE REGION FROM SOUTH TO NORTH. CONFIDENCE HAS  
INCREASED FOR BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, AS EL  
NIñO COMPOSITES, TREND, AND DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE ARE ALL CONVERGING ON A  
DRIER SOLUTION. CONFIDENCE IS LOW ACROSS MUCH OF THE EASTERN CONUS DUE TO VERY  
WEAK SIGNALS AMONG DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE SUCH AS THE ECMWF ENSEMBLE.  
MOREOVER, A SLOW MOVING FRONTAL BOUNDARY EARLY IN AUGUST REDUCES CHANCES OF  
BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE SOUTHEASTERN CONUS, RESULTING IN A  
REMOVAL OF ENHANCED BELOW NORMAL PROBABILITIES DEPICTED IN THE MID-MONTH  
OUTLOOK IN FAVOR OF EC ACROSS THE REGION. A SLIGHT TILT TOWARD ABOVE NORMAL  
PRECIPITATION WAS INTRODUCED TO PARTS OF THE NORTHEAST, DUE TO SUPPORT FROM  
ECMWF ENSEMBLE PRECIPITATION OUTPUT AND CONSISTENT WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR A  
PROLONGED PERIOD OF CYCLONIC MID-LEVEL FLOW MID TO LATE MONTH. A SLIGHT TILT  
TOWARD BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS INDICATED FOR THE COASTAL PACIFIC  
NORTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST ALASKA BROADLY CONSISTENT WITH NWS 6-10 DAY AND WEEK-2  
OUTLOOKS AS WELL AS RECENT TRENDS. ABOVE NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS FAVORED FOR  
MUCH OF WESTERN AND NORTHERN MAINLAND ALASKA DUE TO STRONG TRENDS AS WELL AS  
THE POTENTIAL FOR A PROLONGED PERIOD OF MID-LEVEL CYCLONIC FLOW AS DEPICTED BY  
DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE.  
 
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****** PREVIOUS MID-MONTH DISCUSSION BELOW ******  
 
*******************************************************************************  
 
THE OUTLOOKS FOR AUGUST 2026 ARE ISSUED AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF AN EL NIñO  
ADVISORY, MEANING THAT EL NIñO CONDITIONS ARE PRESENT AND EXPECTED TO  
CONTINUE. THE LATEST WEEKLY OBSERVED SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES (SSTS) IN THE  
NIñO 3.4 REGION WERE 1.3 DEGREES CELSIUS ABOVE NORMAL, CONSISTENT WITH AN EL  
NIñO OF MODERATE STRENGTH. MEANWHILE, THE EASTWARD PROGRESSION OF THE MADDEN  
JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO) IS CURRENTLY STALLED, BUT IS EXPECTED TO RESUME BEFORE  
GRADUALLY DISORGANIZING IN LATE JULY. THIS WEAKENING MJO MAY DESTRUCTIVELY  
INTERFERE WITH THE BACKGROUND EL NIñO STATE AS IT APPROACHES THE INDIAN OCEAN  
NEAR THE BEGINNING OF AUGUST. IN THE EXTRATROPICS, THE ARCTIC OSCILLATION (AO)  
HAS BEEN POSITIVE IN EARLY JULY BUT HAS TRENDED TO NEAR ZERO IN RECENT DAYS.  
AFTER A BRIEF DIP, THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION (NAO) HAS RETURNED TO THE  
POSITIVE PHASE, WHILE THE PACIFIC NORTH AMERICAN (PNA) INDEX HAS TRENDED  
NEGATIVE. A NEAREST NEIGHBOR ANALYSIS OF THE RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE EL NIñO  
SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO), THE MJO, AND EXTRATROPICAL INDICES ALL PLAYED A  
ROLE IN THE AUGUST OUTLOOKS, WITH THE GREATEST WEIGHT PLACED ON ENSO IMPACTS,  
DUE TO LARGE UNCERTAINTIES IN THE MJO AND EXTRATROPICAL SIGNALS. ANTECEDENT  
CONDITIONS, SUCH AS EXTRATOPICAL SSTS AND SOIL MOISTURE CONDITIONS, WERE ALSO  
CONSIDERED WHERE APPROPRIATE AS WERE RECENT TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION  
TRENDS. DYNAMICAL GUIDANCE FROM THE COPERNICUS CLIMATE CHANGE SERVICE (C3S),  
NORTH AMERICAN MULTI-MODEL ENSEMBLE (NMME), THE COUPLE FORECAST SYSTEM VERSION  
2 (CFSV2), AND THE FORECAST CONSOLIDATION TOOL (CON) (WHICH INCLUDES BOTH  
DYNAMICAL MODEL INPUT AND STATISTICAL GUIDANCE), ALSO WERE SIGNIFICANT  
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE AUGUST OUTLOOKS, AS WAS CONSISTENCY WITH THE MOST RECENT  
WEEKS 3-4 OUTLOOKS, WHICH NOW EXTENDS THROUGH THE FIRST WEEK OF AUGUST.  
 
ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES ARE FAVORED FOR THE EASTERN AND SOUTH-CENTRAL  
CONTIGUOUS UNITED STATES (CONUS), THE WEST COAST, THE NORTHWESTERN CONUS, AND  
MOST OF ALASKA. CONFIDENCE IS HIGH (GREATER THAN 50 PERCENT CHANCE) FOR ABOVE  
NORMAL TEMPERATURES ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC, WHERE ABOVE  
NORMAL SSTS IN ADJACENT WATERS AS WELL AS DRY SOILS FAVOR WARMER TEMPERATURES.  
DYNAMICAL MODELS SUCH AS THE NMME AND C3S ALSO SUPPORT ABOVE NORMAL  
TEMPERATURES THERE. ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES ARE ALSO FAVORED (GREATER THAN 40  
PERCENT CHANCE) ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, CONSISTENT WITH ENSO COMPOSITES AND  
TRENDS. A TILT TOWARD WARMER THEN NORMAL CONDITIONS (33 TO 50 PERCENT CHANCE)  
EXTENDS NORTHWARD ALONG THE EAST COAST DUE TO SUPPORT FROM NMME AND C3S  
GUIDANCE. SIMILARLY, THERE IS A 33 TO 50 PERCENT CHANCE OF ABOVE NORMAL  
TEMPERATURES FOR THE NORTHWESTERN CONUS DUE TO STRONG DYNAMICAL MODEL SUPPORT.  
HOWEVER, DUE TO LACK OF STATISTICAL GUIDANCE SUPPORT AND BELOW NORMAL SSTS OFF  
THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST COAST, ENHANCED ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURE PROBABILITIES  
WERE KEPT MODEST. A TILT TOWARD ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES (33 TO 40 PERCENT  
CHANCE) ALSO EXTENDS SOUTHWARD ALONG THE CALIFORNIA COAST AS SSTS OFF THE  
CALIFORNIA COAST LEAN ABOVE NORMAL. BELOW NORMAL TEMPERATURES ARE FAVORED (33  
TO 40 PERCENT CHANCE) FOR THE NORTHERN PLAINS DUE TO A STRONG COLD SIGNAL FROM  
NATURAL DETRENDED ENSO ANALOGS WITH SUPPORT FROM CONSTRUCTED ANALOGS FROM SOIL  
MOISTURE (CAS). HOWEVER, PROBABILITIES WERE KEPT MODEST DUE TO A LACK OF  
DYNAMICAL MODEL SUPPORT. EQUAL CHANCES OF ABOVE, BELOW, AND NEAR NORMAL  
TEMPERATURES (EC) ARE INDICATED FOR MUCH OF THE INTERIOR SOUTHWESTERN CONUS, AS  
COOLER DETRENDED ENSO COMPOSITES AND THE PROSPECTS OF ABOVE NORMAL CLOUDINESS  
AND PRECIPITATION CONFLICT WITH WARMER DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE. ABOVE NORMAL  
TEMPERATURES ARE WEAKLY FAVORED FOR MOST OF ALASKA SOUTH OF THE NORTH SLOPE,  
CONSISTENT WITH THE NMME. NATURAL ENSO ANALOGS FAVOR WARMTH ACROSS SOUTHWESTERN  
MAINLAND ALASKA AND SOUTHEAST ALASKA, HOWEVER, BELOW NORMAL SSTS ALONG MUCH OF  
THE SOUTH COAST KEPT ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURE PROBABILITIES MUTED. EC IS  
INDICATED FOR THE NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA, AS SEA ICE EXTENT NORTH OF THE STATE  
IS CURRENTLY ABOVE NORMAL.  
 
ABOVE NORMAL PRECIPITATION CHANCES ARE ELEVATED ACROSS TWO MAIN AXES ACROSS THE  
CONUS. THE FIRST AXIS IS ACROSS MUCH OF THE WEST ASSOCIATED WITH THE POTENTIAL  
FOR AN ENHANCED MONSOON. THIS WET SIGNAL HAS SUPPORT FROM THE C3S AND CFSV2 AS  
WELL AS FROM ENSO COMPOSITES AND NATURAL ANALOGS (EXCEPT SOUTHERN AREAS).  
ADDITIONALLY, THE MOST RECENT WEEKS 3-4 OUTLOOKS TILT WET ACROSS THE SOUTHWEST  
AND ADJACENT GREAT BASIN. AS SUCH ABOVE NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS FAVORED (33 TO  
50 PERCENT CHANCE) ACROSS MUCH OF THE GREAT BASIN, SOUTHWEST, CENTRAL AND  
NORTHERN ROCKIES, AND NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS. THE SECOND AXIS WHERE ABOVE NORMAL  
PRECIPITATION IS FAVORED (33 TO 40 PERCENT CHANCE) EXTENDS FROM THE NORTHERN  
PLAINS TO THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. THESE ELEVATED PROBABILITIES OF ABOVE  
NORMAL PRECIPITATION HAVE SUPPORT FROM ENSO COMPOSITES AND MJO NATURAL ANALOGS  
AS WELL AS THE CAS TOOL. PROBABILITIES WERE KEPT MODEST DUE TO WEAK SIGNALS  
FROM DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE. BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS FAVORED (33 TO 50  
PERCENT CHANCE) ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN MID-ATLANTIC, DUE TO  
SUPPORT FROM DETRENDED ENSO COMPOSITES, MJO NATURAL ANALOGS, AND OBSERVED BELOW  
NORMAL SOIL MOISTURE. A SLIGHT TILT (33 TO 40 PERCENT CHANCE) TOWARD BELOW  
NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS ALSO INDICATED FOR THE GREAT LAKES REGION, WITH SUPPORT  
FROM MJO AND EXTRATROPICAL NATURAL ANALOGS AS WELL AS THE CON. CONFIDENCE IS  
LOW ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AS ENSO COMPOSITES, TREND, AND TO SOME EXTENT,  
DYNAMICAL MODEL GUIDANCE CONFLICTS WITH STRONG WET SIGNALS FROM MJO AND  
EXTRATROPICAL NATURAL ANALOGS. DUE TO THIS CONFLICTING GUIDANCE, EC HAS BEEN  
ISSUED FOR THIS REGION. A SLIGHT TILT (33 TO 40 PERCENT CHANCE) TOWARD BELOW  
NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS INDICATED FOR PARTS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND  
SOUTHEAST ALASKA, DUE TO SUPPORT FROM TREND, THE NMME, CFSV2, AND THE LATEST  
WEEKS 3-4 OUTLOOKS. PROBABILITIES WERE KEPT MUTED IN THESE AREAS DUE TO LACK OF  
ENSO SUPPORT. ABOVE NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS FAVORED (33 TO 50 PERCENT CHANCE)  
ACROSS MOST OF MAINLAND ALASKA AND THE ALASKA PENINSULA, DUE TO STRONG SUPPORT  
FROM TREND AND ENSO. HOWEVER, DUE TO LACK OF DYNAMICAL MODEL SUPPORT,  
PROBABILITIES WERE KEPT MODEST.  
 
FORECASTER: SCOTT HANDEL  
 
THE CLIMATIC NORMALS ARE BASED ON CONDITIONS BETWEEN 1991 AND 2020, FOLLOWING  
THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION OF USING THE MOST RECENT 3  
COMPLETE DECADES AS THE CLIMATE REFERENCE PERIOD. THE PROBABILITY ANOMALIES  
FOR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION BASED ON THESE NEW NORMALS BETTER REPRESENT  
SHORTER TERM CLIMATIC ANOMALIES THAN THE FORECASTS BASED ON OLDER NORMALS.  
 
THE NEXT MONTHLY OUTLOOK...FOR SEP ... WILL BE ISSUED ON THU AUG 20 2026  
 
THESE OUTLOOKS ARE BASED ON DEPARTURES FROM THE 1991-2020 BASE PERIOD.  
 
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