613
UXUS97 KPUB 201238
SRGPUB
SOARING FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PUEBLO, COLORADO
0538 MST WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2019
THIS FORECAST IS FOR WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2019:
IF THE TRIGGER TEMPERATURE OF 14.7 F/-9.6 C IS REACHED...THEN
THERMAL SOARING INDEX....................... EXCELLENT
MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT........................ 1032 FT/MIN (5.2 M/S)
MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS.................. 19335 FT MSL (11716 FT AGL)
FORECAST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE................... 30.0 F/-1.6 C
TIME OF TRIGGER TEMPERATURE.................... 0845 MST
TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT........................ NONE
MIDDLE/HIGH CLOUDS DURING SOARING WINDOW....... NONE
SURFACE WINDS DURING SOARING WINDOW............ 20 MPH OR LESS
HEIGHT OF THE -3 THERMAL INDEX................. 15008 FT MSL (7389 FT AGL)
THERMAL SOARING OUTLOOK FOR THURSDAY 02/21..... GOOD
WAVE SOARING INDEX............................. NOT AVAILABLE
REMARKS...
SUNRISE/SUNSET.................... 06:44:10 / 17:41:50 MST
TOTAL POSSIBLE SUNSHINE........... 10 HR 57 MIN 40 SEC (657 MIN 40 SEC)
ALTITUDE OF SUN AT 12:13:00 MST... 40.11 DEGREES
UPPER AIR DATA FROM NUMERICAL MODEL FORECAST VALID ON 02/20/2019 AT 0500 MST
FREEZING LEVEL.................. ENTIRE AIRMASS BELOW 32 F / 0 C
CONVECTIVE CONDENSATION LEVEL... 16919 FT MSL (9300 FT AGL)
LIFTED CONDENSATION LEVEL....... 17403 FT MSL (9784 FT AGL)
LIFTED INDEX.................... +8.7
K INDEX......................... -25.9
HEIGHT TEMPERATURE WIND WIND SPD LAPSE RATE CONVECTIONT THERMAL LIFT RATE
FT MSL DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT DEG C DEG F INDEX FPM M/S
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -52.0 -61.6 230 24 13 2.5 1.4 M M M M M
45000 -48.1 -54.6 230 28 14 2.5 1.4 M M M M M
40000 -46.9 -52.4 235 24 12 0.3 0.2 M M M M M
38000 -46.7 -52.1 235 22 11 0.3 0.2 M M M M M
36000 -46.7 -52.1 245 21 11 -0.0 -0.0 M M M M M
34000 -46.7 -52.1 260 22 11 -0.0 -0.0 M M M M M
32000 -46.9 -52.4 275 24 12 -0.6 -0.4 M M M M M
30000 -47.3 -53.1 285 26 13 -0.6 -0.4 M M M M M
29000 -47.5 -53.5 290 27 14 -0.5 -0.3 M M M M M
28000 -46.9 -52.4 290 28 14 2.3 1.3 17.7 63.8 14.6 M M
27000 -46.2 -51.2 295 28 15 2.3 1.3 14.8 58.6 12.5 M M
26000 -45.6 -50.1 300 29 15 2.3 1.3 12.0 53.7 10.5 M M
25000 -44.7 -48.5 300 29 15 3.8 2.1 9.5 49.2 8.6 M M
24000 -43.5 -46.3 295 26 14 3.8 2.1 7.3 45.1 6.9 M M
23000 -42.4 -44.3 295 24 13 3.8 2.1 5.2 41.3 5.2 M M
22000 -41.2 -42.2 290 23 12 4.6 2.5 3.2 37.7 3.6 M M
21000 -39.8 -39.6 285 22 11 4.6 2.5 1.3 34.3 2.0 M M
20000 -38.1 -36.6 275 21 11 6.6 3.6 -0.9 30.4 0.2 M M
19500 -36.8 -34.2 275 20 10 9.0 4.9 -1.1 30.1 0.0 M M
19000 -35.4 -31.7 275 20 10 9.1 5.0 -1.2 29.8 -0.1 984 5.0
18500 -34.1 -29.4 270 19 10 9.1 5.0 -1.3 29.6 -0.2 928 4.7
18000 -32.7 -26.9 270 19 10 9.1 5.0 -1.4 29.4 -0.3 873 4.4
17500 -31.4 -24.5 265 19 10 8.6 4.7 -1.5 29.3 -0.4 817 4.2
17000 -30.1 -22.2 260 17 9 8.1 4.5 -1.8 28.8 -0.6 766 3.9
16500 -28.9 -20.0 255 16 8 7.6 4.2 -2.0 28.3 -0.8 715 3.6
16000 -28.1 -18.6 260 15 7 4.6 2.5 -2.7 27.1 -1.5 675 3.4
15500 -27.4 -17.3 265 13 7 4.9 2.7 -3.5 25.7 -2.2 639 3.2
15000 -26.7 -16.1 270 12 6 4.0 2.2 -4.4 24.1 -3.0 604 3.1
14500 -26.1 -15.0 275 13 7 4.1 2.3 -5.3 22.4 -3.9 571 2.9
14000 -25.5 -13.9 275 13 7 4.1 2.3 -6.2 20.8 -4.8 538 2.7
13500 -24.9 -12.8 280 13 7 4.1 2.2 -7.1 19.2 -5.7 505 2.6
13000 -24.2 -11.6 285 13 6 4.7 2.6 -8.0 17.6 -6.5 471 2.4
12500 -23.5 -10.3 285 12 6 5.2 2.8 -8.8 16.2 -7.3 435 2.2
12000 -22.6 -8.7 285 12 6 7.7 4.2 -9.3 15.3 -7.8 391 2.0
11750 -22.0 -7.6 285 12 6 8.0 4.4 -9.4 15.0 -8.0 366 1.9
11500 -21.4 -6.5 285 12 6 7.9 4.3 -9.6 14.8 -8.2 341 1.7
11250 -20.8 -5.4 285 12 6 8.5 4.7 -9.7 14.5 -8.3 316 1.6
11000 -20.1 -4.2 285 13 7 8.7 4.8 -9.8 14.4 -8.4 289 1.5
10750 -19.5 -3.1 290 14 7 8.3 4.6 -9.9 14.2 -8.6 263 1.3
10500 -18.9 -2.0 290 15 8 8.4 4.6 -10.0 14.0 -8.7 237 1.2
10250 -18.2 -0.8 290 15 8 8.6 4.7 -10.1 13.8 -8.8 210 1.1
10000 -17.6 0.3 290 14 7 8.6 4.7 -10.2 13.7 -8.9 183 0.9
9750 -17.0 1.4 290 13 7 8.3 4.6 -10.3 13.5 -9.0 157 0.8
9500 -16.3 2.7 285 12 6 8.5 4.7 -10.4 13.3 -9.2 131 0.7
9250 -15.7 3.7 285 11 6 9.1 5.0 -10.5 13.2 -9.3 104 0.5
9000 -15.0 5.0 285 11 6 7.7 4.2 -10.5 13.0 -9.4 77 0.4
8750 -14.5 5.9 285 10 5 6.9 3.8 -10.8 12.6 -9.6 55 0.3
8500 -14.0 6.8 285 10 5 6.0 3.3 -11.0 12.3 -9.9 32 0.2
8250 -13.7 7.3 285 10 5 4.0 2.2 -11.3 11.6 -10.3 14 0.1
8000 -13.4 7.9 285 9 5 4.4 2.4 -11.8 10.8 -10.7 M M
7750 -13.4 7.9 280 8 4 -10.6 -5.8 -12.5 9.4 -11.5 M M
7500 M M M M M M M M M M M M
7250 M M M M M M M M M M M M
7000 M M M M M M M M M M M M
6750 M M M M M M M M M M M M
* * * * * * NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL FORECAST DATA VALID * * * * * *
02/20/2019 AT 0800 MST | 02/20/2019 AT 1100 MST
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.4 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.1
CINH... 0.0 K INDEX... -31.0 | CINH... 0.0 K INDEX... -28.4
|
HEIGHT TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE | TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE
FT MSL DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT | DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -52.4 -62.3 235 22 11 1.9 1.1 | -53.8 -64.8 230 24 12 1.6 0.9
45000 -49.6 -57.3 240 27 14 1.9 1.1 | -51.3 -60.3 240 26 13 1.6 0.9
40000 -47.3 -53.1 245 27 14 1.3 0.7 | -48.0 -54.4 240 32 16 2.2 1.2
38000 -46.5 -51.7 245 26 13 1.7 0.9 | -46.6 -51.9 240 34 17 3.2 1.7
36000 -48.3 -54.9 255 28 14 -3.7 -2.0 | -49.0 -56.2 245 34 18 -4.8 -2.7
34000 -50.5 -58.9 260 31 16 -3.7 -2.0 | -51.9 -61.4 250 35 18 -4.8 -2.7
32000 -51.7 -61.1 265 33 17 0.8 0.4 | -53.1 -63.6 250 35 18 1.5 0.8
30000 -51.2 -60.2 270 32 16 0.7 0.4 | -52.2 -62.0 255 34 18 1.5 0.8
29000 -51.0 -59.8 275 32 16 2.0 1.1 | -51.8 -61.2 255 34 17 4.1 2.2
28000 -49.4 -56.9 280 32 16 6.1 3.3 | -49.8 -57.6 255 33 17 6.6 3.6
27000 -47.5 -53.5 285 32 16 6.0 3.3 | -47.8 -54.0 260 33 17 6.6 3.6
26000 -45.7 -50.3 285 32 17 6.1 3.3 | -45.8 -50.4 260 32 16 6.6 3.6
25000 -43.2 -45.8 290 33 17 7.2 4.0 | -43.7 -46.7 260 31 16 7.2 4.0
24000 -41.0 -41.8 290 33 17 7.2 4.0 | -41.5 -42.7 265 30 16 7.2 4.0
23000 -38.8 -37.8 290 33 17 7.1 3.9 | -38.8 -37.8 265 29 15 7.3 4.0
22000 -36.4 -33.5 290 31 16 8.4 4.6 | -36.6 -33.9 270 28 15 7.6 4.2
21000 -33.9 -29.0 295 29 15 8.4 4.6 | -34.3 -29.7 270 27 14 7.7 4.2
20000 -31.4 -24.5 295 27 14 5.2 2.9 | -32.0 -25.6 270 26 13 6.7 3.7
19500 -31.0 -23.8 295 25 13 3.0 1.6 | -31.0 -23.8 270 24 13 6.5 3.6
19000 -30.5 -22.9 290 24 12 2.8 1.5 | -30.0 -22.0 265 23 12 6.6 3.6
18500 -30.1 -22.2 290 22 11 2.8 1.5 | -29.0 -20.2 260 22 11 6.6 3.6
18000 -29.7 -21.5 285 20 10 2.8 1.5 | -28.0 -18.4 255 21 11 6.6 3.6
17500 -29.3 -20.7 285 18 9 4.1 2.2 | -27.1 -16.8 250 19 10 6.1 3.4
17000 -28.5 -19.3 275 17 9 4.9 2.7 | -26.2 -15.2 250 18 9 6.1 3.3
16500 -27.8 -18.0 265 16 8 5.1 2.8 | -25.3 -13.5 250 16 8 6.4 3.5
16000 -27.0 -16.6 265 15 8 5.7 3.1 | -24.2 -11.6 255 14 7 6.8 3.7
15500 -26.1 -15.0 275 14 7 5.7 3.1 | -23.2 -9.8 265 13 6 6.6 3.6
15000 -25.3 -13.5 280 12 6 5.2 2.8 | -22.4 -8.3 270 12 6 4.4 2.4
14500 -24.5 -12.1 285 10 5 5.2 2.9 | -21.7 -7.1 275 11 6 4.5 2.4
14000 -23.7 -10.7 290 9 5 5.6 3.0 | -21.0 -5.8 285 10 5 5.3 2.9
13500 -22.9 -9.2 305 8 4 5.6 3.1 | -20.2 -4.4 295 9 4 5.0 2.8
13000 -22.1 -7.8 315 8 4 5.5 3.0 | -19.4 -2.9 310 9 4 6.9 3.8
12500 -21.2 -6.2 315 9 4 6.6 3.6 | -18.4 -1.1 310 10 5 7.7 4.2
12000 -20.1 -4.2 320 10 5 6.5 3.6 | -17.7 0.1 310 12 6 0.8 0.5
11750 -19.7 -3.5 315 11 6 5.8 3.2 | -17.6 0.3 310 13 7 1.3 0.7
11500 -19.2 -2.6 315 12 6 6.8 3.7 | -17.5 0.5 305 14 7 0.3 0.2
11250 -18.8 -1.8 315 13 7 3.5 1.9 | -17.5 0.5 305 14 7 1.1 0.6
11000 -18.7 -1.7 310 15 8 1.4 0.8 | -17.3 0.9 300 12 6 3.0 1.7
10750 -18.5 -1.3 305 17 9 3.2 1.8 | -17.1 1.2 295 11 6 3.1 1.7
10500 -18.3 -0.9 305 18 9 2.2 1.2 | -16.9 1.6 290 9 5 2.8 1.5
10250 -18.1 -0.6 300 20 10 4.5 2.4 | -16.6 2.1 285 8 4 6.8 3.7
10000 -17.6 0.3 300 18 9 5.9 3.2 | -15.9 3.4 285 8 4 10.2 5.6
9750 -17.2 1.0 300 18 9 4.7 2.6 | -15.2 4.6 285 7 4 9.6 5.3
9500 -16.9 1.6 300 17 9 5.4 3.0 | -14.5 5.9 280 6 3 9.6 5.2
9250 -16.4 2.5 295 16 8 7.7 4.2 | -13.8 7.2 280 6 3 9.1 5.0
9000 -15.8 3.6 295 15 8 8.0 4.4 | -13.1 8.4 280 6 3 9.9 5.5
8750 -15.2 4.6 295 14 7 8.0 4.4 | -12.3 9.9 280 5 3 10.6 5.8
8500 -14.6 5.7 295 13 7 4.8 2.6 | -11.5 11.3 280 5 3 10.3 5.6
8250 -14.5 5.9 290 12 6 -0.3 -0.2 | -10.7 12.7 280 5 3 10.4 5.7
8000 -14.5 5.9 290 12 6 2.3 1.3 | -9.9 14.2 280 5 2 9.5 5.2
7750 -14.1 6.6 285 10 5 7.6 4.1 | -9.2 15.4 285 4 2 14.4 7.9
7500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
7250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
7000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
6750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
02/20/2019 AT 1400 MST | 02/20/2019 AT 1700 MST
|
CAPE... +1.0 LI... +4.9 | CAPE... +0.8 LI... +4.7
CINH... -0.2 K INDEX... -3.4 | CINH... -0.0 K INDEX... +0.1
|
HEIGHT TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE | TEMPERATURE WND WNDSPD LAPSE RATE
FT MSL DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT | DEG C DEG F DIR KT M/S C/KM F/KFT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -54.1 -65.4 230 28 14 3.2 1.7 | -54.5 -66.1 235 29 15 2.4 1.3
45000 -49.4 -56.9 235 31 16 3.2 1.7 | -51.0 -59.8 235 35 18 2.4 1.3
40000 -49.6 -57.3 240 38 20 -1.1 -0.6 | -50.5 -58.9 235 39 20 -0.3 -0.2
38000 -50.3 -58.5 240 42 21 -1.0 -0.6 | -50.8 -59.4 235 41 21 -0.4 -0.2
36000 -51.7 -61.1 240 42 22 -2.4 -1.3 | -51.9 -61.4 240 43 22 -2.2 -1.2
34000 -53.1 -63.6 245 43 22 -2.4 -1.3 | -53.2 -63.8 240 46 24 -2.2 -1.2
32000 -53.5 -64.3 250 42 21 1.4 0.7 | -53.8 -64.8 240 47 24 0.5 0.3
30000 -52.7 -62.9 250 39 20 1.4 0.7 | -53.5 -64.3 240 47 24 0.4 0.2
29000 -52.2 -62.0 250 38 20 5.1 2.8 | -53.1 -63.6 240 47 24 6.5 3.6
28000 -50.1 -58.2 255 38 19 6.9 3.8 | -50.7 -59.3 240 45 23 8.1 4.4
27000 -48.0 -54.4 260 37 19 6.9 3.8 | -48.2 -54.8 240 43 22 8.1 4.4
26000 -45.9 -50.6 260 37 19 6.8 3.7 | -45.8 -50.4 245 42 22 8.1 4.4
25000 -43.6 -46.5 260 36 19 8.1 4.4 | -43.4 -46.1 245 40 20 8.2 4.5
24000 -41.2 -42.2 260 35 18 8.1 4.4 | -40.9 -41.6 245 37 19 8.2 4.5
23000 -38.2 -36.8 260 33 17 7.9 4.3 | -37.9 -36.2 250 34 18 7.8 4.3
22000 -35.9 -32.6 265 31 16 7.6 4.2 | -35.7 -32.3 250 31 16 7.4 4.1
21000 -33.6 -28.5 265 29 15 7.6 4.2 | -33.5 -28.3 250 27 14 7.4 4.1
20000 -31.3 -24.3 265 27 14 6.9 3.8 | -31.2 -24.2 250 24 13 7.4 4.1
19500 -30.3 -22.5 265 26 13 6.9 3.8 | -30.1 -22.2 250 23 12 7.4 4.1
19000 -29.3 -20.7 265 25 13 6.9 3.8 | -29.0 -20.2 250 23 12 7.4 4.1
18500 -28.2 -18.8 260 23 12 6.9 3.8 | -27.9 -18.2 250 22 11 7.4 4.1
18000 -27.2 -17.0 260 22 11 6.9 3.8 | -26.8 -16.2 250 21 11 7.7 4.2
17500 -26.2 -15.2 260 21 11 7.4 4.1 | -25.8 -14.4 250 20 10 4.9 2.7
17000 -25.0 -13.0 255 19 10 7.4 4.1 | -25.0 -13.0 250 19 10 5.2 2.9
16500 -24.0 -11.2 250 18 9 6.2 3.4 | -24.3 -11.7 255 19 10 4.7 2.6
16000 -23.2 -9.8 260 17 9 5.3 2.9 | -23.6 -10.5 260 18 9 4.5 2.5
15500 -22.4 -8.3 270 17 9 5.0 2.8 | -23.0 -9.4 265 18 9 4.3 2.3
15000 -21.7 -7.1 275 18 9 4.2 2.3 | -22.4 -8.3 270 18 9 3.9 2.1
14500 -21.1 -6.0 275 19 10 4.2 2.3 | -21.8 -7.2 270 19 10 4.1 2.3
14000 -20.7 -5.3 275 19 10 1.8 1.0 | -21.1 -6.0 265 17 9 6.2 3.4
13500 -20.4 -4.7 275 16 8 1.9 1.0 | -20.2 -4.4 260 15 8 6.1 3.4
13000 -20.0 -4.0 270 14 7 4.3 2.4 | -19.1 -2.4 255 13 7 7.9 4.3
12500 -19.4 -2.9 260 11 6 10.3 5.7 | -17.9 -0.2 255 12 6 10.9 6.0
12000 -17.8 -0.0 255 9 5 6.3 3.4 | -16.4 2.5 250 11 6 7.6 4.2
11750 -17.2 1.0 255 8 4 7.0 3.9 | -15.8 3.6 250 11 6 7.5 4.1
11500 -16.7 1.9 250 7 4 9.6 5.3 | -15.2 4.6 250 10 5 10.6 5.8
11250 -15.8 3.6 245 7 3 10.5 5.8 | -14.3 6.3 245 10 5 11.0 6.0
11000 -15.2 4.6 240 6 3 8.0 4.4 | -13.7 7.3 245 10 5 7.7 4.2
10750 -14.5 5.9 235 5 3 8.9 4.9 | -13.0 8.6 240 10 5 8.8 4.8
10500 -13.9 7.0 225 5 2 7.7 4.2 | -12.4 9.7 235 10 5 7.7 4.2
10250 -13.3 8.1 215 5 2 7.6 4.2 | -11.9 10.6 230 10 5 7.2 3.9
10000 -12.7 9.1 205 5 2 9.4 5.2 | -11.3 11.7 225 9 5 8.0 4.4
9750 -12.0 10.4 200 5 2 10.1 5.5 | -10.7 12.7 220 9 5 8.4 4.6
9500 -11.2 11.8 190 5 2 9.4 5.2 | -10.1 13.8 215 9 5 7.7 4.2
9250 -10.5 13.1 185 5 2 8.8 4.8 | -9.5 14.9 210 9 5 6.8 3.7
9000 -9.9 14.2 180 5 3 9.8 5.4 | -9.0 15.8 200 9 5 7.6 4.2
8750 -9.1 15.6 180 5 3 10.6 5.8 | -8.4 16.9 195 9 5 8.2 4.5
8500 -8.3 17.1 175 5 3 10.2 5.6 | -7.8 18.0 190 9 5 8.0 4.4
8250 -7.5 18.5 175 5 3 10.5 5.8 | -7.2 19.0 185 9 4 8.1 4.4
8000 -6.8 19.8 170 5 3 8.9 4.9 | -6.6 20.1 180 8 4 7.7 4.2
7750 -6.1 21.0 170 5 3 12.3 6.8 | -6.1 21.0 175 8 4 7.6 4.1
7500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
7250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
7000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
6750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
________________________________________________________________________________
THIS PRODUCT IS ISSUED TWICE PER DAY, ONCE BY APPROXIMATELY 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC). IT IS NOT CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED NOR UPDATED AFTER ITS INITIAL
ISSUANCE.
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS BASED ON RAWINSONDE OBSERVATION AND/OR
NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL DATA TAKEN NEAR THE AIR FORCE ACADEMY
IN COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO AT
NORTH LATITUDE: 38 DEG 58 MIN 48.000 SEC
WEST LONGITUDE: 104 DEG 49 MIN 12.000 SEC
ELEVATION: 6572 FEET (2003 METERS)
AND MAY NOT BE REPRESENTATIVE OF OTHER AREAS ALONG THE FRONT RANGE OF THE
COLORADO ROCKY MOUNTAINS. NOTE THAT SOME ELEVATIONS IN NUMERICAL WEATHER
PREDICTION MODELS DIFFER FROM ACTUAL STATION ELEVATIONS, WHICH CAN LEAD TO
DATA WHICH APPEAR TO BE BELOW GROUND. ERRONEOUS DATA SUCH AS THESE SHOULD
NOT BE USED.
THE CONTENT AND FORMAT OF THIS REPORT AS WELL AS THE ISSUANCE TIMES ARE SUBJECT
TO CHANGE WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE. COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS ARE WELCOME AND SHOULD
BE DIRECTED TO ONE OF THE ADDRESSES OR PHONE NUMBERS SHOWN AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS
PAGE. TO EXPEDITE A RESPONSE TO COMMENTS, BE SURE TO MENTION YOUR INTEREST IN
THE SOARING FORECAST.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY) - AN INTEGRATED MEASURE OF THE
ENERGY AVAILABLE FOR CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT, ALSO KNOWN AS THE POSITIVE
AREA ON A THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAM. UNITS ARE JOULES PER KILOGRAM. LARGER
VALUES ARE INDICATIVE OF GREATER INSTABILITY AND THE POSSIBILITY OF
STRONGER CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY, INCLUDING THUNDERSTORMS. VALUES AROUND OR
GREATER THAN 1000 SUGGEST THE POSSIBILITY OF SEVERE WEATHER SHOULD
CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY DEVELOP.
CIN (CONVECTIVE INHIBITION) - AN INTEGRATED MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
NEEDED TO INITIATE CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY, ALSO KNOWN AS THE NEGATIVE AREA ON
A THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAM. UNITS ARE JOULES PER KILOGRAM. THE MORE NEGATIVE
THIS NUMBER, THE MORE ENERGY IS REQUIRED TO INITIATE CONVECTION. THIS
INHIBITIVE ENERGY CAN BE OVERCOME THROUGH SURFACE HEATING, COOLING ALOFT,
LIFTING MECHANISMS (OROGRAPHIC, FRONTAL, GRAVITY WAVES, ETC.)
CONVECTIVE CONDENSATION LEVEL - THE HEIGHT TO WHICH AN AIR PARCEL POSSESSING THE
AVERAGE SATURATION MIXING RATIO IN THE LOWEST 4000 FEET OF THE AIRMASS,
IF HEATED SUFFICIENTLY FROM BELOW, WILL RISE DRY ADIABATICALLY UNTIL IT
JUST BECOMES SATURATED. IT ESTIMATES THE BASE OF CUMULUS CLOUDS THAT ARE
PRODUCED BY SURFACE HEATING ONLY.
CONVECTION TEMPERATURE (CONVECTIONT) - THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE REQUIRED TO MAKE
THE AIRMASS DRY ADIABATIC UP TO THE GIVEN LEVEL. IT CAN BE CONSIDERED A
"TRIGGER TEMPERATURE" FOR THAT LEVEL.
FREEZING LEVEL - THE HEIGHT WHERE THE TEMPERATURE IS ZERO DEGREES CELSIUS.
HEIGHT OF STABLE LAYER - THE HEIGHT (BETWEEN 12,000 AND 18,000 FEET ABOVE
MEAN SEA LEVEL) WHERE THE SMALLEST LAPSE RATE EXISTS. THE LOCATION AND
EXISTENCE OF THIS FEATURE IS IMPORTANT IN THE GENERATION OF MOUNTAIN
WAVES.
K INDEX - A MEASURE OF STABILITY WHICH COMBINES THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN APPROXIMATELY 5,000 AND 18,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE, THE AMOUNT
OF MOISTURE AT APPROXIMATELY 5,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE, AND A MEASURE
OF THE DRYNESS AT APPROXIMATELY 10,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE. LARGER
POSITIVE NUMBERS INDICATE MORE INSTABILITY AND A GREATER LIKELIHOOD OF
THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT. ONE INTERPRETATION OF K INDEX VALUES REGARDING
SOARING IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES IS GIVEN IN WMO TECHNICAL NOTE 158
AND IS REPRODUCED IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE:
BELOW -10 NO OR WEAK THERMALS
-10 TO 5 DRY THERMALS OR 1/8 CUMULUS WITH MODERATE THERMALS
5 TO 15 GOOD SOARING CONDITIONS
15 TO 20 GOOD SOARING CONDITIONS WITH OCCASIONAL SHOWERS
20 TO 30 EXCELLENT SOARING CONDITIONS, BUT INCREASING
PROBABILITY OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
ABOVE 30 MORE THAN 60 PERCENT PROBABILITY OF THUNDERSTORMS
LAPSE RATE - THE CHANGE WITH HEIGHT OF THE TEMPERATURE. NEGATIVE VALUES INDICATE
INVERSIONS.
LIFTED CONDENSATION LEVEL - THE HEIGHT TO WHICH AN AIR PARCEL POSSESSING THE
AVERAGE DEW POINT IN THE LOWEST 4000 FEET OF THE AIRMASS AND THE FORECAST
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE MUST BE LIFTED DRY ADIABATICALLY TO ATTAIN SATURATION.
LIFTED INDEX (LI) - THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE AT A
LEVEL APPROXIMATELY 18,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE AND THE TEMPERATURE OF
AN AIR PARCEL LIFTED DRY ADIABATICALLY FROM THE SURFACE TO ITS LIFTED
CONDENSATION LEVEL AND THEN PSEUDOADIABATICALLY THEREAFTER TO THIS SAME
LEVEL. THE PARCEL'S INITIAL TEMPERATURE IS THE FORECAST MAXIMUM
TEMPERATURE AND ITS DEW POINT IS THE AVERAGE DEW POINT IN THE LOWEST 4000
FEET OF THE AIRMASS. NEGATIVE VALUES ARE INDICATIVE OF INSTABILITY WITH
POSITIVE VALUES SHOWING STABLE CONDITIONS.
LIFT RATE - AN EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATE OF THE STRENGTH OF THERMALS. IT IS
COMPUTED THE SAME WAY AS THE MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT BUT USES THE ACTUAL
LEVEL RATHER THAN THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS IN THE CALCULATION.
ALSO, NONE OF THE EMPIRICAL ADJUSTMENTS BASED ON CLOUDINESS AND K-INDEX
ARE APPLIED TO THESE CALCULATIONS.
MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS - THE HEIGHT WHERE THE DRY ADIABAT THROUGH THE
FORECAST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE INTERSECTS THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE.
MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT - AN ESTIMATE OF THE MAXIMUM STRENGTH OF THERMALS. IT
IS COMPUTED FROM AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA WHICH COMBINES THE EXPECTED MAXIMUM
HEIGHT OF THERMALS WITH THE DIFFERENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES
BETWEEN THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF THERMALS AND THE TEMPERATURE 4,000 FEET
ABOVE THE GROUND. AFTER THIS COMPUTATION, FURTHER EMPIRICAL ADJUSTMENTS
ARE MADE BASED ON THE VALUE OF THE K-INDEX AND THE AMOUNT AND OPACITY OF
MIDDLE AND HIGH LEVEL CLOUDINESS EXPECTED BETWEEN THE TIME OF TRIGGER
TEMPERATURE AND THE TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT.
MIDDLE/HIGH CLOUDS - THE AMOUNT AND OPACITY OF MIDDLE (ALTOSTRATUS, ALTOCUMULUS)
OR HIGH (CIRRUS, CIRROSTRATUS, CIRROCUMULUS) CLOUDS. BROKEN MEANS THAT
BETWEEN 60% AND 90% OF THE SKY IS COVERED BY THE CLOUD, WITH OVERCAST
CONDITIONS OCCURRING WHEN MORE THAN 90% OF THE SKY IS COVERED BY THE CLOUD.
THIN IMPLIES THAT THE CLOUDS ARE PREDOMINANTLY TRANSPARENT, MEANING THAT
SOME SUNLIGHT IS REACHING THE GROUND, IN CONTRAST TO OPAQUE WHICH SUGGESTS
THAT LITTLE SUNLIGHT IS REACHING THE GROUND.
POTENTIAL HEIGHT OF WAVE - THE MINIMUM OF THE FOLLOWING TWO HEIGHTS:
1. LEVEL ABOVE THE HEIGHT OF STABLE LAYER (OR 14,000 FEET IF NONE EXISTS)
WHERE THE WIND DIRECTION CHANGES BY 30 DEGREES OR MORE
2. LEVEL ABOVE THE HEIGHT OF STABLE LAYER (OR 14,000 FEET IF NONE EXISTS)
WHERE THE WIND SPEED NO LONGER INCREASES WITH HEIGHT
PVA/NVA - POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION (PVA)/NEGATIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION (NVA)
ON THE 500 MILLIBAR ISOBARIC SURFACE (APPROXIMATELY 18,000 FEET ABOVE MEAN
SEA LEVEL). WEAK PVA HAS BEEN SHOWN TO ASSIST IN MOUNTAIN WAVE SOARING.
SOARING WINDOW - THE TIME BETWEEN THE TIME THE TRIGGER TEMPERATURE IS REACHED
AND THE TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT.
THERMAL INDEX - THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE AND THE
TEMPERATURE AT A PARTICULAR LEVEL DETERMINED BY FOLLOWING THE DRY ADIABAT
THROUGH THE FORECAST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE UP TO THAT LEVEL. NEGATIVE VALUES
ARE INDICATIVE OF THERMAL LIFT.
THERMAL SOARING INDEX - AN ADJECTIVE RATING (FOR SAILPLANES) BASED ON THE
COMPUTED MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT, AND THE WIND SPEED AND MIDDLE AND HIGH
CLOUD COVER EXPECTED DURING THE SOARING WINDOW (THE TIME OF THE TRIGGER
TEMPERATURE AND THE TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT) ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING:
MAXIMUM RATE OF LIFT ADJECTIVE RATING
>= 800 FPM EXCELLENT
>= 400 AND < 800 FPM GOOD
>= 200 AND < 400 FPM FAIR
< 200 FPM POOR
TIME OF OVERDEVELOPMENT - THE TIME ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING PHENOMENA,
WHICH ESSENTIALLY SHUT OFF THERMAL LIFT, IS EXPECTED TO OCCUR:
1. FORMATION OF BROKEN TO OVERCAST CONVECTIVE CLOUD COVER
2. FORMATION OF SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS DOWNBURSTS
3. INITIATION OF WIDESPREAD PRECIPITATION
TIME OF TRIGGER TEMPERATURE - THE TIME THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS EXPECTED TO
REACH THE TRIGGER TEMPERATURE.
TRIGGER TEMPERATURE - THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE REQUIRED TO MAKE THE FIRST 4000
FEET OF THE ATMOSPHERE DRY ADIABATIC.
WAVE SOARING INDEX - AN EMPIRICAL, ADJECTIVE RATING (FOR SAILPLANES) WHICH
ATTEMPTS TO COMBINE A VARIETY OF PHENOMENA IMPORTANT IN MOUNTAIN WAVE
SOARING INTO A SINGLE INDEX NUMBER. OBJECTIVE POINTS ARE ASSIGNED TO
THESE PHENOMENA: WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION AT 14,000 FT MSL, THE STATIC
STABILITY IN THE 12,000-18,000 FT MSL LAYER, THE WIND SPEED GRADIENT ABOVE
THE STABLE LAYER, JET STREAM LOCATION AND FRONTAL AND UPPER TROUGH
MOVEMENTS.
042613
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