373  
FXUS61 KCTP 011131  
AFDCTP  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA  
731 AM EDT TUE SEP 1 2026  
   
WHAT HAS CHANGED
 
 
* ADDED MORE DETAIL ABOUT POTENTIAL SEVERE WEATHER TODAY AND ON  
WEDNESDAY.  
 

 
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
1) LATE SUMMER SURGE OF HEAT AND HUMIDITY BRINGS MULTI-DAY  
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AND EXCESSIVE RAINFALL THREAT TO KICKOFF  
SEPTEMBER  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
KEY MESSAGE 1:  
 
A SERIES OF MID LEVEL IMPULSES TRACKING EASTWARD ALONG THE  
NORTHERN PERIPHERY OF AN EXPANSIVE 500MB RIDGE WILL INTERACT  
WITH ANOMALOUS MOISTURE/INSTABILITY AND STRONG WNW FLOW ALOFT  
TO PROMOTE A MULTI-DAY SEVERE STORM AND EXCESSIVE RAIN RISK  
ACROSS PORTIONS OF CPA TODAY THROUGH THURSDAY.  
 
A SURGE OF LATE SUMMER HEAT (MAX TEMPS 80-90F RANGE) WITH  
DEWPOINTS IN UPPER 60S TO MID 70S WILL RESULT IN A VERY MOIST  
BOUNDARY LAYER WITH IMPRESSIVE MLCAPE VALUES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD  
OF 1500-3000 J/KG GIVEN MID LEVEL LAPSE RATES AROUND 7 C/KM.  
FORECAST SOUNDINGS ALSO SHOW ROBUST DEEP LAYER/EFFECTIVE SHEAR  
VALUES AND APPRECIABLY CURVED LOW LEVEL HODOGRAPHS. AS SUCH, A  
COUPLE OF SUPERCELLS WILL BE POSSIBLE. FROM A LARGE SCALE LIFT  
PERSPECTIVE, RISING MOTION MAY BE AT LEAST PARTIALLY SUPPRESSED  
BY THE RIGHT EXIT REGION OF AN UPPER LEVEL JET MAX THROUGH MUCH  
OF TODAY UNTIL AT LEAST MID AFTERNOON. CONVECTION INITIATION IS  
MORE LIKELY IN THE 4PM-9PM TIME FRAME AS THE BOUNDARY LAYER RH  
INCREASES AND THE RIGHT ENTRANCE REGION OF THE JET MAX  
APPROACHES.  
 
INCREASING MUCAPE VALUES LATE TONIGHT THROUGH WED MORNING  
SUGGEST STORMS/SEVERE RISK LIKELY WON'T BE TIED TO THE TYPICAL  
DIURNAL CYCLE. ANY PREEXISTING MCS UPSTREAM COULD BE MAINTAINED  
BY THE UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE WITH US WEDNESDAY MORNING. HIRES  
MODEL GUIDANCE ALSO SHOWS AN EASTERLY FLOW ACROSS OUR EASTERN  
ZONES ASSOCIATED WITH A BACK DOOR COLD FRONT. ALONG THAT  
BOUNDARY, MODELS DEPICT VERY LARGE HODOGRAPHS ASSOCIATED WITH A  
STRONGLY VEERED WIND PROFILE, WITH 0-3 KM SRH ON THE ORDER OF  
350 M2/S2 AND 0-3KM WIND SHEAR APPROACHING 40 KTS. IF SUPERCELLS  
CAN RIDE SOUTHEASTWARD ON THE UNSTABLE SIDE OF THE BOUNDARY AND  
INGEST THIS HIGHLY SHEARED INFLOW, A COUPLE STRONGER TORNADOES  
CAN NOT BE RULED OUT WED AFTERNOON INTO WED EVENING.  
 
THE SEVERE RISK WILL BE FOCUSED MORE ACROSS THE SOUTHERN TIER OF  
CENTRAL PA BY THURSDAY, AND SOUTH OF THE PA-MD BORDER ON FRIDAY.  
AN UPPER TROUGH PASSAGE SUGGESTS SOME LINGERING SHOWER ACTIVITY  
INTO THE WEEKEND, OTHERWISE IT LOOKS MOSTLY DRY.  
 
THE LATE SUMMER HEAT IS FORECAST TO PEAK TODAY AND WEDNESDAY  
WITH VERY WARM NIGHTS +10-20F ABOVE THE HISTORICAL AVERAGE AND  
MAX HEAT INDEX VALUES JUST SHORT OF HEAT ADVISORY CRITERIA  
(100F). THE EXCEPTION WILL BE ACROSS THE EASTERN ZONES WED WHEN  
THE BACK DOOR COLD FRONT COULD HOLD MAX TS DOWN A FEW TO SEVERAL  
DEGREES. THE UPPER RIDGE IS FORECAST TO RETROGRADE BY THE END  
OF THE WEEK WHICH ALLOWS FOR INCREASED TROUGHING AND A RETURN TO  
MORE SEASONAL TEMPERATURES.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /12Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/
 
 
WARM FRONTAL BOUNDARY EXTENDING FROM THE EASTERN FINGER LAKES  
REGION, SOUTH THROUGH THE WESTERN POCONOS AND SE PA WILL MEANDER  
A BIT TO THE SOUTH AND WEST OVER THE NEXT 24 TO 48 HOURS. THIS  
AIRMASS BOUNDARY WILL PROVIDE AN AVENUE TO A FEW ROUNDS OF  
SHOWERS AND AFTERNOON/EVENING THUNDERSTORMS TO TRACK SOUTHEAST  
ALONG.  
 
THE MOST LIKELY PLACES TO SEE FOG/LOW CIGS THROUGH THE MID  
MORNING HOURS TODAY WILL BE AT IPT AND TO A LESSER DEGREE AT  
MDT/LNS.  
 
BFD COULD SEE BRIEF PERIODS OF MVFR CEILINGS EARLY TODAY, BUT  
IFR SEEMS UNLIKELY.  
 
ANY FOG OR STRATUS WILL QUICKLY MIX OUT IN THE 12-13Z PERIOD.  
ATTENTION WILL THEN TURN TOWARDS AFTERNOON CONVECTION.  
 
ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED  
FOR THE MID AFTERNOON TO EARLY EVENING HOUR TODAY, BUT THERE  
REMAINS UNCERTAINTY AS TO THE EXACT TIMING AND PLACEMENT GIVEN  
THE LACK OF ANY LARGER-SCALE, DEEP-LAYER FORCING AND THE  
PRESENCE OF THE SUBSIDING, THERMALLY INDIRECT BRANCH (RIGHT EXIT  
REGION) OF A 40-50 KT MID/UPPER LEVEL JET MAX EMBEDDED IN THE  
NW FLOW.  
 
SOME GUIDANCE WOULD SUGGEST STORMS IN THE NORTHWEST AS EARLY AS  
15Z AND OTHERS SUGGEST CONVECTION MAY NOT ARRIVE UNTIL 23Z.  
OVERALL, EXPECT THE POTENTIAL FOR BRIEF PERIODS OF ACTIVE  
CONVECTION AT ALL TERMINALS ACROSS CENTRAL PA THIS  
AFTERNOON/EVENING, WITH A HEDGE TOWARD THE AIRFIELDS ACROSS THE  
EASTERN THIRD OF PA. BRIEF REDUCTIONS TO VISIBILITIES AND  
CEILINGS TO LOW END MVFR OR IFR ARE POSSIBLE IN THE 18Z TUE-02Z  
WED PERIOD.  
 
OUTLOOK...  
 
TUE-FRI...SCATTERED SHRA/TSRA WITH BRIEF RESTRICTIONS POSSIBLE;  
MORNING FOG POSSIBLE.  
 
SAT...SHRA/TSRA TRENDING LESS LIKELY AS COLD FRONT MOVES  
SOUTHWARD ACROSS THE COMMONWEALTH; MORNING FOG POSSIBLE.  
 

 
   
CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
NONE.  
 

 
 

 
 
WHAT HAS CHANGED...COLBERT  
KEY MESSAGES...STEINBUGL/COLBERT  
DISCUSSION...STEINBUGL/COLBERT  
AVIATION...LAMBERT/BOWEN  
 
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