543  
FXUS63 KDLH 160740  
AFDDLH  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN  
240 AM CDT MON JUN 16 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CHANCES FOR MONDAY AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING.  
 
- AFTER MONDAY, OCCASIONAL RAIN CHANCES, ESPECIALLY LATER THIS  
WEEK INTO NEXT WEEKEND.  
 
- SEASONABLY WARM TEMPERATURES THROUGH THE WEEK. SOME WARM TO  
HOT TEMPERATURES IN THE 80S POSSIBLE NEXT WEEKEND.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 236 AM CDT MON JUN 16 2025  
 
THE PRIMARY FORECAST CONCERN REMAINS THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE  
THUNDERSTORMS LATER THIS AFTERNOON AND INTO THE EVENING HOURS.  
MODEL GUIDANCE HAS COME INTO BETTER AGREEMENT, BUT SIGNIFICANT  
UNCERTAINTIES PERSIST, PARTICULARLY REGARDING THE ROLE OF  
PREVALENT LOW LEVEL CLOUDS, AN INVERSION, AND THE IMPACT OF  
LOCAL-SCALE FEATURES.  
 
A SUBTLE SHORTWAVE TROUGH WILL GLIDE THROUGH THE UPPER MIDWEST,  
WITH AN ASSOCIATED SURFACE COLD FRONT SCHEDULED TO SWEEP ACROSS  
THE REGION THIS EVENING. AHEAD OF THIS SYSTEM, MORNING SHOWERS  
AND SOME ELEVATED, NON-SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL MOVE THROUGH  
PARTS OF THE NORTHLAND. THIS INITIAL ROUND OF CONVECTION, WHILE  
SPOTTY, HAS LIKELY REINFORCED A CAPPING INVERSION IN THE LOWER  
ATMOSPHERE. THE STRENGTH AND PERSISTENCE OF THIS CAP IS THE  
PRIMARY SOURCE OF UNCERTAINTY FOR THE AFTERNOON FORECAST. IF THE  
CAP HOLDS STRONG, IT COULD SUPPRESS OR DELAY WIDESPREAD  
THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT. FURTHERMORE, THE STABLE LAKE LAYER  
WILL ACT AS A LOCAL CHECK ON INSTABILITY FOR COMMUNITIES  
IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT TO THE LAKE.  
 
DESPITE THESE LIMITING FACTORS, A PLUME OF VERY WARM AND MOIST  
AIR, WITH SURFACE DEWPOINTS CLIMBING INTO THE UPPER 60S, WILL  
SURGE NORTHWARD. MLCAPE VALUES POTENTIALLY REACHING 1500-2500  
J/KG WILL BRUSH THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF OUR FORECAST AREA. MID-  
LEVEL LAPSE RATES ARE STEEPENING TO 7-8 C/KM, CONTRIBUTING TO A  
STRONG TO SEVERE STORM THERMODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT.  
 
THE KINEMATIC SETUP IS ALSO IMPRESSIVE. MODERATE TO STRONG  
DEEP-LAYER SHEAR (40-50 KTS) AND FAVORABLY VEERING LOW-LEVEL  
WINDS WILL SUPPORT ORGANIZED CONVECTION, INCLUDING THE POTENTIAL  
FOR DISCRETE SUPERCELLS IF CLOUDS MANAGE TO CLEAR WHICH I THINK  
IS UNLIKELY. HOWEVER, IF THEY DO CLEAR, THE INITIAL STORM MODE  
WILL LIKELY BE INDIVIDUAL SUPERCELLS, POSING A THREAT OF VERY  
LARGE HAIL (POTENTIALLY 2 INCHES OR MORE IN DIAMETER) AND  
TORNADOES. THE GREATEST THREAT FOR THIS ACTIVITY REMAINS ACROSS  
OUR SOUTHERN COUNTIES, FROM THE BRAINERD LAKES TO HINCKLEY AND  
INTO NORTHWEST WISCONSIN, WHERE THE INSTABILITY AND SHEAR ARE  
EXPECTED TO BE MOST PRONOUNCED. THIS AREA ALIGNS WITH THE SPCS  
ENHANCED RISK (LEVEL 3 OF 5) FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS. AS THE  
EVENING PROGRESSES, THESE DISCRETE CELLS MAY MERGE INTO A LINE  
OR CLUSTERS, WITH THE PRIMARY THREAT TRANSITIONING TO DAMAGING  
WINDS THOUGH I THINK BY THIS TIME LACK OF CAPE WILL BE A  
LIMITING FACTOR.  
 
FOR AREAS FARTHER NORTH, INCLUDING THE IRON RANGE AND THE NORTH  
SHORE, THE SEVERE THREAT IS MORE CONDITIONAL AND EXPECTED TO BE  
LOWER DUE TO THE STABILIZING INFLUENCE OF THE LAKE AND LESS  
ROBUST INSTABILITY. HOWEVER, ANY STORMS THAT CAN BECOME  
ESTABLISHED IN THIS REGION COULD STILL PRODUCE HAIL AND STRONG  
WIND GUSTS.  
 
WE WILL CONTINUE TO MONITOR SATELLITE AND RADAR TRENDS CLOSELY.  
ANY SUSTAINED BREAKS IN THE CLOUD COVER COULD LEAD TO A RAPID  
INCREASE IN THE SEVERE WEATHER THREAT. STAY WEATHER AWARE THIS  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING.  
 
THE COLD FRONT WILL EXIT THE REGION LATE TONIGHT, USHERING IN A  
MUCH QUIETER PATTERN FOR TUESDAY. NORTHWEST FLOW WILL BRING  
DRIER AND SLIGHTLY COOLER AIR INTO THE REGION. EXPECT MOSTLY  
SUNNY SKIES WITH SOME DIURNAL CUMULUS DEVELOPMENT.  
 
THE EXTENDED FORECAST PERIOD LOOKS TO BE RELATIVELY QUIET AND  
PLEASANT THOUGH ISOLATED DIURNAL NON-SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL  
LIKELY BE A THREAT MOST DAYS. AN UPPER-LEVEL RIDGE WILL BUILD  
OVER THE REGION, LEADING TO GENERALLY DRY CONDITIONS AND A  
WARMING TREND THROUGH THE END OF THE WEEK. HIGH TEMPERATURES  
WILL BE IN THE 70S ON WEDNESDAY AND CLIMB INTO THE 80S FOR MANY  
LOCATIONS BY THE WEEKEND WHILE COOLER BY THE LAKE WILL BE AN  
ONGOING THEME.  
 
THE WEEKEND APPEARS TO BE WARM, BUT THERE ARE SOME HINTS THAT  
IT COULD BE STORMY AS A STRONG LLJ INCHES INTO THE NORTHLAND.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z TUESDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 1228 AM CDT MON JUN 16 2025  
 
A MESSY TAF PERIOD WITH IFR SEEPING IN THIS MORNING. ROUNDS OF  
CONVECTION ARE POSSIBLE THROUGHOUT THE TAF PERIOD AFTER ABOUT  
09Z. HARD TO PINPOINT TIMING WITH SEVERAL FLAVORS OF SOLUTIONS  
IN THE GUIDANCE. THE BEST SURGE IN TSRA ACTIVITY WILL BE BETWEEN  
19 AND 04Z. LOW STRATUS AND FOG FOLLOWS THE TSRA TONIGHT. WINDS  
FAIRLY LIGHT THOUGH WILL INCREASE IN INTENSITY THIS AFTERNOON  
AND SWITCH FROM SOUTH TO MORE WEST AFTER THE COLD FRONT PASSES.  
 

 
   
MARINE /FOR NEAR SHORE WATERS OF WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR/
 
 
ISSUED AT 236 AM CDT MON JUN 16 2025  
 
EAST WINDS TODAY AHEAD OF AN APPROACHING LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM,  
REMAINING IN THE 10 TO 15 KNOT RANGE FOR SPEEDS. WAVES WILL  
REMAIN IN THE 1 TO 2 FOOT RANGE. A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE THROUGH  
THE AREA THIS EVENING, CAUSING WINDS TO VEER TO THE WEST TONIGHT  
INTO TUESDAY. WIND SPEEDS MAY BUMP UP TO AROUND 15 KNOTS FOR A  
FEW HOURS THIS EVENING BEFORE DIMINISHING AGAIN TO 10 TO 15  
KNOTS. WAVES SHOULD REMAIN IN THE 1 TO 2 FOOT RANGE THROUGH  
TUESDAY. A LINE (OR TWO) OF THUNDERSTORMS IS EXPECTED TO IMPACT  
THE WATERS THIS AFTERNOON/EVENING.  
 
FOR THE OPEN WATER DISCUSSION, REFER TO THE NWS MARQUETTE AREA  
FORECAST DISCUSSION AT WEATHER.GOV/MQT.  
 

 
   
DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
MN...NONE.  
WI...NONE.  
MARINE...NONE.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...WOLFE  
AVIATION...WOLFE  
MARINE...WOLFE  
 
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