106  
FXUS63 KDLH 041150  
AFDDLH  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN  
650 AM CDT FRI JUL 4 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- ISOLATED STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS ARE POSSIBLE INTO THIS  
MORNING, MAINLY FOR NORTHWEST WISCONSIN AND FAR NORTH-CENTRAL  
MINNESOTA. LOCALIZED DAMAGING WIND GUSTS AND SMALL TO  
MARGINALLY SEVERE HAIL, AND LOCALIZED HEAVY RAINFALL/FLOODING  
ARE THE MAIN THREATS.  
 
- VERY WARM AND HUMID TODAY, JULY 4TH. EXTREME HEAT WARNINGS AND HEAT  
ADVISORIES HAVE BEEN ISSUED.  
 
- STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE DURING THE  
AFTERNOON/EVENING ON JULY 4 (TODAY) AND SATURDAY  
AFTERNOON/EVENING. HEAVY RAIN MAY LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING,  
PARTICULARLY IN NORTH-CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST MINNESOTA THIS  
EVENING INTO SATURDAY.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 449 AM CDT FRI JUL 4 2025  
 
CURRENT CONDITIONS - THIS MORNING:  
 
TWO AREAS OF FOCUS FOR STRONG TO POTENTIALLY SEVERE STORM  
CONCERNS THROUGH EARLY/MID-MORNING TODAY: 1) NORTHWEST  
WISCONSIN AND 2) FAR NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA.  
 
FOR NORTHWEST WI, SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPING  
ALONG AN 850-MB CONVERGENCE BOUNDARY NORTH OF THE SURFACE WARM  
FRONT, WHERE A POOL OF 1500-2200 J/KG OF MUCAPE AND EFFECTIVE  
BULK SHEAR AROUND 30 KNOTS HAS KEPT STORMS MOSTLY UPRIGHT, BUT  
PROVIDED JUST ENOUGH ORGANIZATION TO KEEP A STRONG TO MARGINALLY  
SEVERE (LEVEL 1 OUT OF 5) HAIL AND WIND GUST THREAT GOING  
THROUGH AROUND 7-8 AM THIS MORNING. HAIL OF NICKEL TO QUARTER  
SIZE AND WIND GUSTS OF 50-60 MPH WOULD BE THE MAIN THREATS, AND  
THREATS SHOULD BE RELATIVELY SHORT-LIVED (30 MINUTES OR SO) WITH  
ANY INDIVIDUAL STORMS. CAN'T RULE OUT SOME LOCALIZED HEAVY RAIN  
POTENTIAL EITHER GIVEN SLOW STORM MOTIONS. SHOWER/STORM  
INTENSITY SHOULD WEAKEN WITH EASTWARD EXTENT INTO MID-MORNING.  
 
FOR FAR NORTHERN MN, AN AREA OF SCATTERED TO WIDESPREAD SHOWERS  
AND THUNDERSTORMS HAS DEVELOPED NORTHEAST OF THE SURFACE LOW  
PRESSURE NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF THE WARM FRONT AND A SURFACE  
TROUGH BOUNDARY. DOWNDRAFT CAPE APPEARS A BIT MORE ABUNDANT UP  
THAT WAY ALONG WITH THE EDGE OF A 2000-3000 J/KG MUCAPE  
GRADIENT. THERE HAVE BEEN UPSTREAM REPORTS OF WIND GUSTS UP TO  
AROUND 50-60 MPH, BUT THE EXPECTATION IS FOR THESE STORMS TO  
EVENTUALLY OUTRUN THE BETTER DOWNDRAFT CAPE AS THE EARLY MORNING  
PROGRESSES, WHICH SHOULD LIMIT THE EASTERN EXTENT OF THE 50-60  
MPH WIND GUST POTENTIAL AS STORMS MOVE FARTHER EAST INTO  
NORTHERN ST. LOUIS COUNTY. SHOULD SEE SOME EFFICIENT RAINFALL  
RATES IN THESE STORMS AS WELL GIVEN PWAT VALUES AROUND 2" (HIGH  
END OF CLIMATOLOGY FOR JULY), WITH A QUICK 0.5-1" OF  
ACCUMULATION NOT OUT OF THE QUESTION.  
 
TODAY - SATURDAY:  
 
SEVERAL IMPACTFUL WEATHER CONCERNS PERSIST FOR TODAY INTO  
SATURDAY.  
 
1) OPPRESSIVE HEAT AND HUMIDITY TODAY, 2) STRONG TO SEVERE  
THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING AND SATURDAY  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING, AND 3) HEAVY RAINFALL AND FLOODING  
POTENTIAL LATE THIS AFTERNOON INTO SATURDAY.  
 
TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY FORECASTS FOR TODAY HAVE INCREASED  
ONCE AGAIN, WITH WIDESPREAD HIGHS NOW FORECAST TO REACH INTO THE  
LOW TO MID 90S ALONG WITH DEWPOINTS IN THE UPPER 60S TO MID 70S.  
THE HOTTEST TEMPERATURES SHOULD BE IN NORTH-CENTRAL MN, AS WELL  
AS IN PARTS OF THE SOUTH SHORE DUE TO SOME DOWNSLOPING OF  
SOUTHERLY WINDS FROM THE INLAND HIGHER TERRAIN. AREAS ALONG THE  
NORTH SHORE SHOULD SEE A SLIGHT REPRIEVE FROM THE HOTTEST  
TEMPERATURES DUE TO WINDS OFF OF LAKE SUPERIOR. LINGERING CLOUD  
COVER FROM MORNING STORMS, PARTICULARLY OVER FAR NORTHERN MN,  
COULD HAMPER TEMPERATURES SLIGHTLY, BUT THE ROBUST WARM  
ADVECTION AND MOISTURE ADVECTION OVER THE AREA TODAY SHOULD  
OFFSET THIS DAMPENING EFFECT. WITH HEAT INDEX VALUES IN THE MID  
90S TO LOW 100S (HOTTEST IN THE SAME AREAS WHERE THE HIGHEST  
TEMPERATURES WILL BE), HEAT RISK VALUES OF MODERATE (HEAT  
AFFECTS MOST INDIVIDUALS SENSITIVE TO HEAT) TO MAJOR (HEAT  
AFFECTS ANYONE WITHOUT EFFECTIVE COOLING OR ADEQUATE HYDRATION),  
AND WET BULB GLOBE TEMPERATURES IN THE LOW TO MID 80S, THIS  
OPPRESSIVE HEAT WILL LIKELY IMPACT MOST OF THE NORTHLAND ASIDE  
FROM PORTIONS OF THE NORTH SHORE. AS SUCH, MOST OF THE HEAT  
ADVISORIES ACROSS THE NORTHLAND WERE UPGRADED TO EXTREME HEAT  
WARNINGS. BECAUSE OF THIS OPPRESSIVE HEAT AND HUMIDITY OCCURRING  
ON INDEPENDENCE DAY WHEN OUTDOOR EVENTS WILL BE MORE COMMON, IT  
WILL BE PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT TO ENSURE THAT YOU AND THOSE  
CLOSE TO YOU HAVE PLENTY OF WATER AND PLACES TO GO TO KEEP COOL  
TODAY AND INTO THIS EVENING.  
 
FOR THE STRONG TO SEVERE STORM POTENTIAL: SCATTERED SHOWER AND  
THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT-- INCLUDING STRONG TO SEVERE STORM  
POTENTIAL--WILL OCCUR ALONG THE SURFACE TROUGH AHEAD OF THE COLD  
FRONT MID TO LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM SOUTH DAKOTA  
INTO NORTHWEST AND FAR NORTHERN MN. A CAPPING INVERSION IN PLACE  
ACROSS MOST OF THE REMAINDER OF THE NORTHLAND SHOULD HOLD AS  
THE BETTER SYNOPTIC FORCING FOR ASCENT REMAINS FARTHER WEST.  
STORMS ACROSS FAR NORTHERN MN AND TO OUR WEST SHOULD THEN SLOWLY  
SPREAD SOUTHEAST DURING THE REMAINDER OF THE EVENING INTO  
OVERNIGHT HOURS MAINLY IN NORTH-CENTRAL TO NORTHEASTERN MN ON A  
MORE WIDESPREAD BASIS AND EVENTUALLY INTO NORTHWEST WISCONSIN  
EARLY SATURDAY. AT LEAST A FEW OF THESE STORMS SHOULD BE STRONG  
TO SEVERE WITH 0-6KM BULK SHEAR VALUES AROUND 30 KT AND  
2000-3500 J/KG OF MUCAPE TO INITIALLY WORK WITH, WITH  
INSTABILITY SLOWLY DECREASING OFF TOWARDS THE LATER EVENING AND  
OVERNIGHT. STORM MODES GROW UPSCALE INTO CLUSTERS/BROKEN LINES  
RATHER QUICKLY, SO THE PRIMARY HAZARD WOULD BE DAMAGING WIND  
GUSTS GIVEN AMPLE DOWNDRAFT CAPE, WITH LARGE HAIL AS A SECONDARY  
THREAT GIVEN THE MESSIER STORM MODE. IN THE LATE AFTERNOON INTO  
THE LATE EVENING WHERE STORMS COULD BE SURFACE BASED AND HAVE  
MODEST AMOUNTS OF LOW-LEVEL HELICITY, THERE REMAINS A NON-ZERO  
TORNADO THREAT (2%, THE LOWEST SPC CONVECTIVE OUTLOOK THRESHOLD  
FOR TORNADO MENTION) ACROSS FAR NORTHERN MINNESOTA NEAR THE  
FRONT. THIS TORNADO THREAT CONTINUES TO BE LOW AT BEST.  
 
FOR THE HEAVY RAIN AND FLASH FLOODING POTENTIAL: DEEP  
UNIDIRECTIONAL SOUTHWEST WINDS ALOFT WILL BE PARALLEL TO THE  
SURFACE COLD FRONT AND SURFACE TROUGH. PWATS INCREASE TO AROUND  
2-2.25" (NEAR MAXIMUM OF JULY CLIMATOLOGY) AND THE SURFACE TO  
FREEZING LEVEL DEPTH AROUND 13-15,000 FEET DEEP WILL CREATE A  
THREAT FOR TRAINING STORMS TO PRODUCE EFFICIENT, HEAVY RAINFALL  
RATES. MULTIPLE WAVES OF THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE  
AFTERNOON/EVENING STORMS AND THEN CONTINUED THUNDERSTORMS AS THE  
COLD FRONT ACTUALLY SLIDES THROUGH THE NORTHLAND OVERNIGHT INTO  
SATURDAY MORNING WILL PRODUCE HEAVY RAIN AND THE POTENTIAL FOR  
FLASH FLOODING LATE THIS AFTERNOON INTO SATURDAY. FORECAST  
RAINFALL AMOUNTS FOR NORTH-CENTRAL MN INTO MUCH OF NORTHEAST MN  
AND THE ARROWHEAD HAVE INCREASED, WITH 1-3" EXPECTED AND  
LOCALIZED AMOUNTS EVEN HIGHER. THIS IS CORROBORATED BY 48-HOUR  
HREF PROBABILITY-MATCHED MEAN AND MAXIMUM RAINFALL BULLEYES OF  
3-5". HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL DROPS OFF WITH SOUTHEAST EXTENT INTO  
THE TWIN PORTS AND NORTHWEST WI, WHERE FORECAST RAINFALL AMOUNTS  
OF 0.5-1.5 INCHES ARE FORECAST FOR LATER TODAY THROUGH SATURDAY.  
OUR WPC EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OUTLOOK AREA WHERE A SLIGHT RISK  
(15% OF FLASH FLOODING) REMAINS ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTH-CENTRAL  
TO NORTHEAST MN, GENERALLY ALIGNED WITH WHERE A FLASH FLOOD  
WATCH HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR LATER TODAY INTO DAYTIME SATURDAY.  
 
THE COLD FRONT SLOWLY PUSHES SOUTHEAST THROUGH THE NORTHLAND ON  
SATURDAY, WITH NOTICEABLY LESS HOT TEMPERATURES WITH HIGHS IN  
THE UPPER 70S TO AROUND 80F. THERE WILL BE A SHORT WINDOW OF  
TIME SATURDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING WHERE A FEW STRONG TO SEVERE  
STORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE ONCE AGAIN ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE COLD  
FRONT IN FAR NORTHEAST/EASTERN MN AND NORTHWEST WI WHERE A PLUME  
OF 1000-1500 J/KG OF MUCAPE AND MODEST SHEAR COULD PRODUCE A  
LOW-END DAMAGING WIND AND SMALL HAIL THREAT. STORMS EXIT TO OUR  
EAST SATURDAY NIGHT.  
 
COOLER AND DRIER FOR SUNDAY BEHIND THE COLD FRONT WITH HIGHS IN  
THE 70S, MORE COMFORTABLE DEWPOINTS IN THE 50S TO AROUND 60, AND  
ONLY SOME ISOLATED (10-20%) AFTERNOON/EVENING SHOWER CHANCES.  
 
PREVIOUS FORECAST FOR EARLY NEXT WEEK:  
 
ZONAL MID TO UPPER-LEVEL FLOW FOR EARLY NEXT WEEK TURNING  
NORTHWESTERLY FOR MID-WEEK. IT LOOKS LIKE THERE WILL BE PERIODIC  
SHORTWAVES MOVING THROUGH THIS FLOW PATTERN ALOFT, WHICH SHOULD  
BRING ADDITIONAL SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORM CHANCES AT TIMES WITH  
SEASONAL HIGH TEMPERATURES. THERE DOESN'T APPEAR TO BE ANY STRONG  
SIGNAL AT THIS TIME FOR STRONG TO SEVERE STORM POTENTIAL EARLY NEXT  
WEEK.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z SATURDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 649 AM CDT FRI JUL 4 2025  
 
SCATTERED SHOWERS AND STORMS CONTINUE TO TRACK NORTHEAST OVER  
WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR AND EAST ACROSS THE INTERNATIONAL  
BORDER/FAR NORTHERN MINNESOTA EARLY THIS MORNING. THERE HAVE  
BEEN SOME WIDELY SCATTERED SHOWERS POPPING UP FARTHER SOUTH INTO  
CENTRAL MINNESOTA AND KHIB VICINITY, BUT DON'T ANTICIPATE  
ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT THERE. EXPECT MOST OF THE  
CONVECTION THIS MORNING TO MOVE EAST BY MID MORNING, 15-16Z,  
WITH VFR CONDITIONS OUTSIDE OF ANY STORMS. ADDITIONAL  
THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOP ALONG A SURFACE TROUGH AHEAD OF A COLD  
FRONT LATER THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING MAINLY NEAR KINL FIRST,  
AND THEN STORMS FROM AREAS WEST MOVE EAST INTO KHIB AND KBRD  
LATER THIS EVENING AND INTO KDLH TONIGHT BEFORE FINALLY GETTING  
TO KHYR TOWARDS THE VERY END OF THE TAF PERIOD. MVFR TO IFR  
CONDITIONS WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THESE LATER STORMS IN HEAVY  
RAIN, ALONG WITH SOME STRONG TO SEVERE STORM POTENTIAL WITH  
GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND POSSIBLY SOME SMALL HAIL. SOME LOW  
LEVEL WIND SHEAR SHOULD ALSO RETURN THIS EVENING INTO TONIGHT  
AT KHIB/KDLH/KHYR ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT, WITH  
CEILINGS QUICKLY DIPPING TO IFR BEHIND THE STORMS TONIGHT, AS  
WELL.  
 

 
   
MARINE /FOR NEAR SHORE WATERS OF WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR/
 
 
ISSUED AT 439 AM CDT FRI JUL 4 2025  
 
NORTHEAST WINDS ACROSS THE LAKE WILL CONTINUE THROUGH EARLY THIS  
MORNING, WITH THE STRONGEST WINDS AT THE HEAD OF THE LAKE.  
A WARM FRONTAL BOUNDARY PASSING OVER THE LAKE EARLY THIS MORNING  
COULD PRODUCE A FEW THUNDERSTORMS WITH LOCALIZED WIND GUSTS TO  
30-40 KT. ACTIVITY WILL TAPER OFF TODAY BEFORE ONCE AGAIN  
RAMPING UP IN THE EVENING TO OVERNIGHT TONIGHT WHERE MORE  
WIDESPREAD STORMS AND SHOWERS WILL BE POSSIBLE. WINDS WILL ALSO  
SWITCH FROM OUT OF THE EAST TO THE SOUTHWEST FRIDAY NIGHT AND  
NORTHWEST SATURDAY PM, WITH GUSTS REMAINING AT OR UNDER 20 KT.  
 
FOR THE OPEN WATER DISCUSSION, REFER TO THE NWS MARQUETTE AREA  
FORECAST DISCUSSION AT WEATHER.GOV/MQT.  
 

 
   
DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
MN...EXTREME HEAT WARNING FROM 11 AM THIS MORNING TO 8 PM CDT THIS  
EVENING FOR MNZ010-011-018-019-025-026-033>038.  
FLOOD WATCH FROM 4 PM CDT THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH SATURDAY  
AFTERNOON FOR MNZ010-011-018.  
HEAT ADVISORY FROM 11 AM THIS MORNING TO 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING  
FOR MNZ012-020.  
FLOOD WATCH FROM THIS EVENING THROUGH SATURDAY AFTERNOON FOR  
MNZ012-019-025-026-033>036.  
WI...EXTREME HEAT WARNING FROM 11 AM THIS MORNING TO 8 PM CDT THIS  
EVENING FOR WIZ001>003-006>008.  
HEAT ADVISORY FROM 11 AM THIS MORNING TO 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING  
FOR WIZ004-009.  
MARINE...NONE.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...ROTHSTEIN  
AVIATION...ROTHSTEIN  
MARINE...ROTHSTEIN  
 
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