463  
FXUS63 KDLH 151713  
AFDDLH  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN  
1213 PM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- MULTIPLE ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED  
TODAY INTO WEDNESDAY. RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 1-3" WITH LOCALLY  
HIGHER AMOUNTS MAY LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING CONCERNS THIS  
AFTERNOON INTO TONIGHT IN EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA, THE  
ARROWHEAD, AND NORTHWEST WISCONSIN.  
 
- STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING WITH DAMAGING WINDS TO 65 MPH AND LARGE HAIL UP  
TO 1.5" IN DIAMETER BEING THE PRIMARY HAZARDS.  
 
- TEMPERATURES FOR THE LATTER HALF OF THE WEEK INTO THE WEEKEND  
WILL BE MORE MILD WITH ADDITIONAL CHANCES FOR PRECIPITATION  
LATE FRIDAY INTO SATURDAY.  
 
 
   
UPDATE  
 
ISSUED AT 1210 PM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
 
EXPANDED THE FLOOD WATCH TO INCLUDE AITKIN COUNTY, AS WELL AS  
MOST OF THE ARROWHEAD AND TWIN PORTS IN ADDITION TO THE ORIGINAL  
FLOOD WATCH THAT HAD PINE COUNTY AND MOST OF NORTHWEST  
WISCONSIN. LATEST HIGH-RES MODEL GUIDANCE SHOWS A CONCERNING  
SIGNAL FOR TRAINING CONVECTION ALONG AND JUST NORTH OF A  
STATIONARY FRONT CURRENTLY SITUATED FROM THE BRAINERD LAKES  
NORTHEAST INTO THE TWIN PORTS AND PORTIONS OF THE NORTH SHORE.  
EXPECT THUNDERSTORM INITIATION THIS AFTERNOON, INITIALLY  
STARTING AS SCATTERED DISCRETE STORMS WITH A THREAT OF LARGE  
HAIL TO PING PONG BALL (1.5") SIZE, 60 MPH WIND GUSTS, AND HEAVY  
RAINFALL THAT COULD LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. LATEST ATMOSPHERIC  
PARAMETERS SHOW PWAT VALUES OF 1.5-2" (HIGHER SIDE OF  
CLIMATOLOGY FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR), MLCAPE OF 1500-2500 J/KG,  
AND EFFECTIVE SHEAR OF 35-45 KT. STORMS SHOULD GROW UPSCALE INTO  
A SOUTHEASTWARD-ADVANCING LINE OF STORMS, WITH THE PRIMARY  
THREAT TRANSITION TO WIND GUSTS OF UP TO 65 MPH, LARGE HAIL TO  
QUARTER SIZE, AND HEAVY RAINFALL THAT COULD LEAD TO FLASH  
FLOODING AS THE LINE TRACKS INTO NORTHWESTERN WISCONSIN THIS  
EVENING. CAN'T RULE OUT A LOW-END TORNADO THREAT FOR EAST-  
CENTRAL MINNESOTA INTO NORTHWEST WISCONSIN LATE THIS AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING AS THE 0-1KM AND 0-3KM HELICITY APPEARS A BIT MORE  
MARGINAL, THOUGH THERE SHOULD BE SOME LOW-LEVEL VORTICITY IN THE  
VICINITY OF THE FRONT THAT COULD BE STRETCHED BY STRENGTHENING  
UPDRAFTS.  
 
PARTICULARLY FOR THE HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL: STORMS SHOULD  
REPEATEDLY MOVE OVER THE SAME LOCATIONS WITH EFFICIENT RATES  
(1-2"+ PER HOUR), LEADING TO CONCERNS FOR FLASH FLOODING DUE TO  
RAPID RUNOFF. THE LATEST HREF 12Z GUIDANCE SHOWS 24-HOUR  
LOCALIZED PROBABILITY MATCHED MEAN QPF OF 1-3" WITH LOCALIZED  
AMOUNTS TO 4+ INCHES, WITH THE BEST POTENTIAL FOR THE HIGHER END  
OF THESE RAINFALL AMOUNTS WHERE THE FLOOD WATCH HAS BEEN ISSUED  
FOR. THE FLASH FLOODING THREAT SHOULD TRANSITION INTO EAST-  
CENTRAL MN AND NORTHWEST WISCONSIN THIS EVENING AS STORMS TRACK  
SOUTHEAST WITH TIME.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
ISSUED AT 526 AM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
 
A LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS HAS DEVELOPED EARLY THIS MORNING ACROSS THE  
NORTHERN PORTION OF THE CWA. 06Z SFC ANALYSIS FROM WPC REVEALED A  
WARM FRONT DRAPED ACROSS NORTHERN MN, WHICH HAS BEEN THE PRIMARY  
FORCING MECHANISM FOR THIS MORNING'S CONVECTION WHEN COMBINED WITH  
THE INFLUENCE OF A 30+ KNOT SOUTHWESTERLY LLJ AT 850MB. THIS LLJ AND  
STALLING WARM FRONT WILL CONTINUE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH  
THE EARLY TO MID MORNING HOURS TODAY, MAINLY IMPACTING NORTHERN MN.  
HIGH PWATS TO AROUND 1.7" AS WELL AS TRAINING STORMS THIS MORNING  
HAS LED TO HIGH RAINFALL RATES AND MINOR FLOODING CONCERNS. IN  
ADDITION, LARGE HAIL TO 1" WILL ALSO BE A CONCERN FOR THE NEXT  
SEVERAL HOURS AS MUCAPE VALUES REMAIN ELEVATED IN THE 2000-2500 J/KG  
RANGE. DAMAGING WINDS ARE A MINIMAL CONCERN EARLY THIS MORNING AS  
CAM MODEL SOUNDINGS SHOW A STABLE LAYER IN THE LOW-LEVELS AND DCAPE  
IS ONLY AT 500 J/KG OR LESS.  
 
AN ACTIVE SYNOPTIC PATTERN IS EXPECTED TODAY AS A SERIES OF  
SHORTWAVES PROPAGATE THROUGH THE CWA WITHIN ZONAL FLOW AT 500MB. AT  
THE SFC, A QUASI-STATIONARY FRONT OVER THE CWA WILL PROVIDE  
NECESSARY FORCING IN ADDITIONAL TO THE LARGER SYNOPTIC LIFT. DEEP  
MOISTURE ADVECTION IS EXPECTED TO OCCUR TODAY WITH PWAT INCREASING  
TO 1.5-2" BY THIS AFTERNOON, ESPECIALLY WITHIN THE WARM SECTOR OVER  
NORTHWEST WI AND PINE COUNTY IN MN. THE ORIENTATION OF THIS MOISTURE  
ADVECTION TO THE QUASI-STATIONARY COLD FRONT WILL LIKELY RESULT IN  
TRAINING THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING THIS AFTERNOON AND CONTINUING INTO  
TONIGHT AS ANOTHER LLJ AROUND 30 KNOTS IN MAGNITUDE DEVELOPS. CAMS  
REFLECT THIS POTENTIAL FOR TRAINING THUNDERSTORMS WITH DECENT  
AGREEMENT ON AN OVERALL PATTERN OF TRAINING CONVECTION.  
 
THE PRIMARY CONCERN FOR THIS AFTERNOON INTO TONIGHT IS FLASH  
FLOODING DUE TO THE HIGH AMOUNT OF PWAT, IN THE 90-97TH PERCENTILE  
PER NAEFS AND ECMWF CLIMATOLOGY, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR TRAINING  
THUNDERSTORMS. MODEL SOUNDINGS FROM THE CAMS IN KHYR SHOW THAT A  
DEEP WARM CLOUD LAYER IN EXCESS OF 10,000FT WILL BE LIKELY COMBINED  
WITH A LONG AND SKINNY CAPE PROFILE AROUND 900-1200 J/KG. THESE TWO  
FACTORS ARE VERY FAVORABLE FOR HEAVY RAINFALL RATES, WHICH IS  
REFLECTED IN GLOBAL ENSEMBLES SHOWING SIGNALS FOR 1-3" INCHES OF  
RAINFALL BY 12Z WEDNESDAY. IN ADDITION, PROBABILITY MATCHED MEAN QPF  
FROM THE 00Z HREF SUGGEST THAT LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS TO 4" WILL BE  
POSSIBLE OVER NORTHWEST WI, WHICH COULD LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING  
CONCERNS. WITH THE INGREDIENTS IN PLACE FOR FLASH FLOODING, A FLASH  
FLOOD WATCH WAS ISSUED FOR MOST OF NORTHWEST WI AND PINE COUNTY IN  
MN DUE TO THE POTENTIAL THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH TONIGHT. AT THIS  
TIME, THE GREATEST UNCERTAINTY LIES IN EXACTLY WHERE THESE  
TRAINING STORMS WILL DEVELOP DUE TO SPATIAL DISCREPANCIES IN  
THE CAMS.  
 
WHILE FLOODING IS THE PRIMARY CONCERN, SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL  
ALSO BE POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AS INSTABILITY INCREASES IN EXCESS  
OF 1000 J/KG WITH 0-6KM BULK SHEAR OF 20-30 KNOTS. PRIMARY SEVERE  
HAZARDS THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING WILL BE LARGE HAIL UP TO 1" AND  
SPORADIC WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH. A SLIGHT RISK REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR  
PORTIONS OF THE CWA TODAY DUE TO THIS POTENTIAL FOR STRONG TO SEVERE  
THUNDERSTORMS. OVERALL, TODAY INTO TONIGHT WILL BE A PERIOD TO KEEP  
AN EYE ON THE WEATHER.  
 
PRECIPITATION WILL BE SLOW TO EXIT THE CWA ON WEDNESDAY INTO  
WEDNESDAY NIGHT, WITH CAMS CONTINUING TO SHOW ADDITIONAL ROUNDS OF  
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ON WEDNESDAY. WEDNESDAY'S PRECIP WILL BE  
SYNOPTICALLY FORCED BY A 500MB SHORTWAVE, WHICH WILL MOVE THROUGH  
THE CWA ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT. IN THE WAKE OF THIS SHORTWAVE, A BRIEF  
PERIOD OF HIGH PRESSURE WILL BE POSSIBLE ON THURSDAY. THIS WILL  
BRING A BRIEF BREAK IN THE RAIN ON THURSDAY BEFORE ADDITIONAL  
CHANCES FOR SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARRIVE LATE FRIDAY INTO  
SATURDAY. EXPECT MORE MILD HIGH TEMPS FOR THE LATTER HALF OF THE  
WEEK INTO THE WEEKEND.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z WEDNESDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 1210 PM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
 
A STATIONARY FRONT WILL BRING SHOWERS AND STORMS THIS AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING, WITH LINGERING SHOWERS AND SOME EMBEDDED STORMS AT  
TIMES OVERNIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY. MOST OF NORTHEAST MINNESOTA HAS  
SEEN MVFR TO IFR CEILINGS DEVELOP ALONG AND NORTH OF THE SURFACE  
FRONT, WITH SOME REDUCED VISIBILITIES DUE TO SMOKE AT INL, AS  
WELL, THOUGH VFR CONDITIONS ARE PRESENT ELSEWHERE. STRONG TO  
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LARGE HAIL, DAMAGING  
WINDS, AND HEAVY RAINFALL WILL BE POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AND  
EVENING, WITH INTENSITY WEAKENING TONIGHT. EXPECT ERRATIC AND  
GUSTY WINDS NEAR ANY STORMS AS WELL AS QUICK REDUCTIONS TO  
MVFR/IFR CONDITIONS WITH THE STORMS AND HEAVY RAIN. EXPECT IFR  
TO POTENTIALLY LIFR CEILINGS TO DEVELOP TONIGHT BEHIND THE  
FRONT, LINGERING THROUGH THE END OF THE TAF PERIOD AT DLH,  
EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA, AND NORTHWEST WISCONSIN, WHILE CEILINGS  
IMPROVE A BIT QUICKER AT INL/BRD FARTHER BEHIND THE FRONT ON  
WEDNESDAY MORNING.  
 
 
   
MARINE /FOR NEAR SHORE WATERS OF WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR/  
 
ISSUED AT 526 AM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
 
WINDS TODAY WILL BE AROUND 10 KNOTS OR LESS BEFORE SHIFTING  
NORTHEAST AND INCREASING ON TUESDAY NIGHT TO 10 TO 20 KNOTS WITH  
GUSTS TO 25 KNOTS, HIGHEST IN THE WESTERN ARM AND THE APOSTLE  
ISLANDS. THESE WINDS WILL ALSO GENERATE WAVES IN THESE AREAS OF 2 TO  
5 FEET. A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR THESE NEARSHORE  
WATERS STARTING LATE THIS EVENING. WINDS THEN DIMINISH TO 5 TO 15  
KNOTS ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT. MULTIPLE ROUNDS OF THUNDERSTORMS ARE  
EXPECTED TODAY INTO WEDNESDAY. A FEW STRONGER STORMS WILL BE  
POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR.  
LARGE HAIL AND WIND GUSTS TO 50 KNOTS ARE THE PRIMARY CONCERNS IN  
STRONGER STORMS ALONG WITH CLOUD TO WATER LIGHTNING AND HEAVY  
RAINFALL.  
 
FOR THE OPEN WATER DISCUSSION, REFER TO THE NWS MARQUETTE AREA  
FORECAST DISCUSSION AT WEATHER.GOV/MQT.  
 
 
   
DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
MN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR MNZ012-019>021-  
035>038.  
WI...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR WIZ001>004-006>008.  
MARINE...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING TO 7 PM CDT  
WEDNESDAY FOR LSZ121-143>148-150.  
 
 
 
 
 
UPDATE...ROTHSTEIN  
DISCUSSION...UNRUH  
AVIATION...ROTHSTEIN  
MARINE...UNRUH  
CLICK HERE TO GO TO PREVIOUS BULLETINS.
The Nexlab MN Page
The Nexlab WI Page
Main Text Page