076  
FXUS63 KDLH 151949  
AFDDLH  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN  
249 PM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- SEVERAL ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED  
TODAY INTO WEDNESDAY. RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 1-3" WITH LOCALLY  
HIGHER AMOUNTS MAY LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING CONCERNS THIS  
AFTERNOON INTO TONIGHT IN EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA, THE  
ARROWHEAD, AND NORTHWEST WISCONSIN.  
 
- STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING WITH DAMAGING WINDS TO 65 MPH AND LARGE HAIL UP TO  
1.5" IN DIAMETER BEING THE PRIMARY HAZARDS. A LOW-END  
POTENTIAL FOR A TORNADO OR TWO ALSO CANNOT BE RULED OUT.  
 
- TEMPERATURES FOR THE LATTER HALF OF THE WEEK INTO THE WEEKEND  
WILL BE MORE MILD WITH ADDITIONAL CHANCES FOR PRECIPITATION FRIDAY  
INTO SATURDAY.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
ISSUED AT 248 PM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
 
THIS AFTERNOON - TONIGHT:  
 
AN INITIAL ROUND OF THUNDERSTORMS HAS DEVELOPED IN FAR EAST-  
CENTRAL MN INTO NORTHWESTERN WI THIS AFTERNOON IN AN AREA OF  
LOW- LEVEL WARM ADVECTION ON THE WARM SIDE OF A SURFACE  
STATIONARY FRONT. STORM MOTION HAS GENERALLY BEEN PARALLEL TO  
THE FRONT HERE IN A HIGH PWAT ENVIRONMENT (1.6-1.9") WITH STORMS  
SLOWLY TRAVELING NORTHEAST AND TRAINING OVER THE SAME  
LOCATIONS. EFFECTIVE SHEAR HAS BEEN ABOUT 30-35 KT, WHICH  
SHOULD BE ENOUGH FOR SOME OF THESE STORMS TO BECOME ORGANIZED  
AND PRODUCE UP TO 60 MPH WET-DOWNBURST WINDS, LARGE HAIL TO  
1-1.5" IN DIAMETER, AND A LOW-END (2% SPC OUTLOOK) FOR A  
TORNADO. HEAVY RAIN RATES WITH THE TRAINING HERE COULD PRODUCE  
FLASH FLOODING, BUT WILL MORE LIKELY PRIME PORTIONS OF DOUGLAS  
AND BAYFIELD COUNTIES FOR FLASH FLOODING POTENTIAL WITH AN  
ADDITIONAL ROUND OF STORMS THIS EVENING.  
 
OTHERWISE, EXPECT THE PRIMARY STRONG TO SEVERE STORM POTENTIAL  
TO DEVELOP WITH AND ON THE WARM SIDE OF THE SLOW-MOVING FRONT  
DRAPED FROM THE BRAINERD LAKES TO AROUND THE TWIN PORTS LATER  
THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING AS MODEL SOUNDINGS POINT TO MLCAPE OF  
1700-2700 BECOMING UNCAPPED AS SUBTLE 500-MB SHORTWAVE ENERGY  
TRAVERSES OVER THE FRONT. THIS ENVIRONMENT WILL ALSO BE  
CHARACTERIZED BY DECENT LOW AND MID- LEVEL LAPSE RATES AROUND 7  
DEGC/KM, PWAT VALUES AROUND 1.6-2" (TOWARDS THE UPPER-END OF  
CLIMATOLOGY FOR JULY), AND EFFECTIVE BULK SHEAR AROUND 35-40 KT.  
THIS ENVIRONMENT LOOKS FAVORABLE ENOUGH FOR ORGANIZED DISCRETE  
(SUPERCELLS) THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT INITIALLY, THOUGH FRONT-  
PARALLEL FLOW ALOFT SHOULD RESULT IN THESE STORMS GROWING  
UPSCALE INTO A LINEAR SEGMENT OF STORMS TOWARDS THIS EVENING.  
INITIAL CONCERNS WITH THE DISCRETE STORMS SHOULD BE HAIL UP TO  
1.5 INCHES IN DIAMETER AND 60 MPH DAMAGING WIND GUSTS IN  
ADDITION TO HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL LEADING TO FLASH FLOODING.  
AS STORMS GROW UPSCALE INTO A LINE TOWARDS THIS EVENING AND  
TRACKS SOUTHEASTWARD INTO EAST-CENTRAL MN AND NORTHWEST WI, THE  
THREAT SHOULD TRANSITION TO DAMAGING WIND GUSTS UP TO 65 MPH,  
HAIL UP TO QUARTERS (THOUGH THIS THREAT DECREASES RATHER  
RAPIDLY), AND HEAVY RAIN THAT COULD LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING.  
THERE WILL ALSO BE SOME MORE MODEST LEVELS OF 0-1KM AND 0-3KM  
STORM-RELATIVE HELICITY (SRH), BUT LOW-LEVEL VORTICITY IN THE  
VICINITY OF THE FRONT THAT COULD BE STRETCHED BY STRENGTHENING  
UPDRAFTS AND LEAD TO A LOW-END (SPC 2% OUTLOOK CHANCE) FOR A  
TORNADO OR TWO THIS AFTERNOON INTO EARLY EVENING. THUNDERSTORM  
INTENSITY SHOULD THEN DIMINISH INTO LATE THIS EVENING OVER  
NORTHWEST WI AS INSTABILITY WEAKENS AND SURFACE-BASED INHIBITION  
INCREASES.  
 
REGARDING THE HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL, STORMS SHOULD  
REPEATEDLY MOVE OVER THE SAME LOCATIONS WITH EFFICIENT RATES  
(1-2"+ PER HOUR), LEADING TO CONCERNS FOR FLASH FLOODING DUE TO  
RAPID RUNOFF. THE 12Z HREF GUIDANCE SHOWS 24-HOUR LOCALIZED  
PROBABILITY MATCHED MEAN QPF OF 1-3" WITH LOCALIZED AMOUNTS TO  
4+ INCHES, WITH THE BEST POTENTIAL FOR THE HIGHER END OF THESE  
RAINFALL AMOUNTS WHERE THE FLOOD WATCH HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR IN  
EAST-CENTRAL MN INTO THE TWIN PORTS, MOST OF THE ARROWHEAD, AND  
NORTHWEST WISCONSIN. THE FLASH FLOODING THREAT SHOULD  
TRANSITION INTO EAST-CENTRAL MN AND NORTHWEST WISCONSIN THIS  
EVENING AS STORMS TRACK SOUTHEAST WITH TIME. WHILE RAINFALL  
INTENSITY IN STORMS SHOULD DROP OFF OVERNIGHT, MODERATE RAINFALL  
RATES ON AREAS THAT ALREADY SEE HEAVY RAIN THIS AFTERNOON AND  
EVENING COULD KEEP THE FLOODING/FLASH FLOODING THREAT PERSISTING  
INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS, PARTICULARLY IN NORTHWEST WI.  
 
WEDNESDAY:  
 
RAINFALL WILL BE SLOW TO EXIT THE NORTHLAND WEDNESDAY INTO  
WEDNESDAY NIGHT AS A COUPLE SHORTWAVE 500-MB TROUGHS CONTINUE TO  
TRAVERSE THE NORTHLAND, THOUGH VERY MODEST INSTABILITY SHOULD  
PRECLUDE ANY STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT.  
 
WEDNESDAY SHOULD ALSO BE MUCH COOLER AS CLOUD COVER AND RAINFALL  
LINGERS, WITH HIGHS IN THE UPPER 50S TO UPPER 60S. PROMINENT  
NORTHEAST WINDS OFF OF LAKE SUPERIOR WILL ALSO LIKELY PRODUCE A  
HIGH RISK OF RIP CURRENTS AT THE MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN POINT  
BEACHES, SO A BEACH HAZARD STATEMENT WILL LIKELY BE NEEDED ON  
WEDNESDAY.  
 
THURSDAY:  
 
BRIEF SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE WITH ZONAL FLOW ALOFT SHOULD GIVE US  
A MILD AND DRY DAY ON THURSDAY, WITH HIGH TEMPERATURES IN THE  
LOW TO MID 70S.  
 
FRIDAY - THIS WEEKEND:  
 
ZONAL FLOW ALOFT CONTINUES ON FRIDAY, TURNING SLIGHTLY MORE  
NORTHWESTERLY ON SATURDAY INTO SUNDAY. WEAKER 500-MB SHORTWAVE  
ENERGY WILL MOVE ACROSS THE NORTHLAND THROUGH THIS FLOW ON  
FRIDAY INTO SATURDAY, LEADING TO ADDITIONAL SHOWER AND  
THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL FRIDAY AND SATURDAY. AT THIS JUNCTURE,  
THERE DOESN'T APPEAR TO BE MUCH OF AN OVERLAP BETWEEN BULK SHEAR  
AND INSTABILITY TO PRODUCE ANY STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS FOR  
FRIDAY INTO SATURDAY.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z WEDNESDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 1210 PM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
 
A STATIONARY FRONT WILL BRING SHOWERS AND STORMS THIS AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING, WITH LINGERING SHOWERS AND SOME EMBEDDED STORMS AT  
TIMES OVERNIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY. MOST OF NORTHEAST MINNESOTA HAS  
SEEN MVFR TO IFR CEILINGS DEVELOP ALONG AND NORTH OF THE SURFACE  
FRONT, WITH SOME REDUCED VISIBILITIES DUE TO SMOKE AT INL, AS  
WELL, THOUGH VFR CONDITIONS ARE PRESENT ELSEWHERE. STRONG TO  
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LARGE HAIL, DAMAGING  
WINDS, AND HEAVY RAINFALL WILL BE POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AND  
EVENING, WITH INTENSITY WEAKENING TONIGHT. EXPECT ERRATIC AND  
GUSTY WINDS NEAR ANY STORMS AS WELL AS QUICK REDUCTIONS TO  
MVFR/IFR CONDITIONS WITH THE STORMS AND HEAVY RAIN. EXPECT IFR  
TO POTENTIALLY LIFR CEILINGS TO DEVELOP TONIGHT BEHIND THE  
FRONT, LINGERING THROUGH THE END OF THE TAF PERIOD AT DLH,  
EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA, AND NORTHWEST WISCONSIN, WHILE CEILINGS  
IMPROVE A BIT QUICKER AT INL/BRD FARTHER BEHIND THE FRONT ON  
WEDNESDAY MORNING.  
 
 
   
MARINE /FOR NEAR SHORE WATERS OF WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR/  
 
ISSUED AT 248 PM CDT TUE JUL 15 2025  
 
WINDS TODAY WILL BE AROUND 10 KNOTS OR LESS THE REST OF TODAY  
BEFORE INCREASING TONIGHT OUT OF THE NORTHEAST AT 10 TO 20  
KNOTS WITH GUSTS TO 25 KNOTS, HIGHEST IN THE WESTERN ARM OF LAKE  
SUPERIOR AND THE APOSTLE ISLANDS. THESE WINDS WILL LEAD TO  
INCREASING WAVE HEIGHTS OF 2 TO 5 FEET. A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY  
CONTINUES FOR THESE NEARSHORE WATERS STARTING LATE THIS EVENING  
AND PERSISTING THROUGH WEDNESDAY. WINDS WEAKEN TO 5 TO 15 KNOTS  
WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY.  
 
SEVERAL ROUNDS OF THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TODAY INTO  
WEDNESDAY. A FEW STRONGER STORMS REMAIN POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING ACROSS WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR. LARGE HAIL AND WIND  
GUSTS TO 50 KNOTS ARE THE PRIMARY CONCERNS IN STRONGER STORMS,  
AS WELL AS CLOUD TO WATER LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAINFALL.  
 
FOR THE OPEN WATER DISCUSSION, REFER TO THE NWS MARQUETTE AREA  
FORECAST DISCUSSION AT WEATHER.GOV/MQT.  
 
 
   
DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
MN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR MNZ012-019>021-  
035>038.  
WI...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR WIZ001>004-006>008.  
MARINE...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO 7 PM CDT  
WEDNESDAY FOR LSZ121-143>148-150.  
 
 
 
 
 
DISCUSSION...ROTHSTEIN  
AVIATION...ROTHSTEIN  
MARINE...ROTHSTEIN  
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