025  
FXUS63 KGRR 170805  
AFDGRR  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND RAPIDS MI  
405 AM EDT FRI OCT 17 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- STRONG FALL STORM TO AFFECT THE AREA THIS WEEKEND  
 
- ANOTHER SYSTEM EXPECTED MONDAY INTO TUESDAY  
 
- WARM TODAY AND SATURDAY THEN TRENDING COLDER/MORE SEASONAL  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 405 AM EDT FRI OCT 17 2025  
 
- STRONG FALL STORM TO AFFECT THE AREA THIS WEEKEND  
 
SOME LIGHT RAIN IS SPREADING ACROSS CENTRAL LOWER MICHIGAN THIS  
MORNING ASSOCIATED WITH A PUSH OF WARM AIR ADVECTION ON THE BACK  
SIDE OF DEPARTING HIGH PRESSURE. THIS ACTIVITY IS VERY LIGHT AND  
WILL END THIS MORNING. PARTLY SUNNY SKIES ARE EXPECTED THIS  
AFTERNOON WITH FILTERED SUNSHINE THROUGH HIGH CLOUDS.  
 
SURFACE LOW PRESSURE IS MOVING INTO NORTHWEST ONTARIO THIS MORNING  
FROM THE NORTHERN PLAINS. THE COLD FRONT ASSOCIATED WITH THAT LOW  
WILL PROGRESS EAST SLOWLY TODAY INTO SATURDAY. THE COLD FRONT WILL  
MOVE INTO WISCONSIN SATURDAY. THE FRONT WILL BE PARALLEL TO THE  
UPPER FLOW WHICH WILL ALLOW IT TO MOVE SLOWLY INTO THE AREA.  
GIVEN THE PROXIMITY TO THE APPROACH OF THE FRONT WE EXPECT TO SEE  
SHOWERS TO SPREAD INTO THE AREA TONIGHT AND SATURDAY. WE HAVE  
HIGH POPS TO ACCOUNT FOR THIS ON THE ORDER OF 60-100 PCT.  
 
THE MORE IMPACTFUL WEATHER LOOKS TO COME SATURDAY NIGHT INTO  
SUNDAY WHEN DEEP LOW PRESSURE FORMS IN THE GREAT LAKES. A COMPLEX  
EVOLUTION OF UPPER FEATURE IS SET TO TAKE PLACE WHICH HAS LED TO  
SOME MODEL UNCERTAINTY THE PAST FEW DAYS. THAT UNCERTAINTY IS  
BEGINNING TO LOWER AND WE ARE ZEROING IN ON A CONSENSUS. THE MAIN  
PLAYERS IN THIS EVOLUTION ARE THE UPPER TROUGH OVER THE NORTHERN  
PLAINS, MID LEVEL SHORTWAVE ENERGY DIVING SOUTHEAST ON A STRONG  
UPPER JET ACROSS THE NORTHERN ROCKIES AND PLAINS AND A WAVE MOVING  
OUT OF THE DESERT SOUTHWEST (CA) PRESENTLY. THESE THREE MID/UPPER  
LEVEL FEATURES PHASE OVER THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES REGION SATURDAY  
NIGHT INTO SUNDAY AND CYCLOGENESIS OCCURS ALONG THE COLD FRONT. ON  
SUNDAY THE OPERATIONAL MODELS DEEPEN THE LOW INTO THE UPPER 980S  
MB. THIS IS CERTAINLY A STRONG FALL STORM. SEE THE BELOW HYDRO  
SECTIONS FOR DETAILS ON RAINFALL, BUT SUFFICE IT TO SAY ANOMALOUS  
MOISTURE WILL BE IN PLACE WITH PWATS NEAR 1.5 INCHES, 850MB DEW  
POINTS NEAR +12C AND SURFACE DEW POINTS INTO THE 60S.  
THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE FROM SATURDAY INTO SUNDAY. WITH THE  
STRONGEST LLJ OFF TO OUR SOUTH AND EAST SEVERE WEATHER IS NOT A  
CONCERN.  
 
- ANOTHER SYSTEM EXPECTED MONDAY INTO TUESDAY  
 
ANOTHER STRONG SYSTEM IS FORECAST TO AFFECT THE AREA FROM MONDAY  
INTO TUESDAY WITH A LOW TRAVERSING THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES.  
ADDITIONAL RAINFALL IS EXPECTED BUT IT WILL BE MUCH LIGHTER GIVEN  
MOISTURE LEVELS WELL BELOW THE WEEKEND SYSTEM. WE HAVE THE  
POTENTIAL TO SEE SOME LAKE ENHANCED/LAKE EFFECT RAIN GIVEN THE  
LAKE IS AROUND +17C RIGHT NOW. THE GFS HAS -1C OVER OUR AREA ON  
TUESDAY, SO DELTA TS WILL BE IN THE UPPER TEENS C. MONDAY AND  
TUESDAY WILL FEEL VERY FALL LIKE WITH SHOWERS AND BLUSTERY  
CONDITIONS.  
 
- WARM TODAY AND SATURDAY THEN TRENDING COLDER/MORE SEASONAL  
 
TODAY AND SATURDAY WILL BE THE WARMEST DAYS OF THE 7 DAY FORECAST  
WITH TEMPERATURES INTO THE 70S IN SPOTS ACROSS THE CWA. WE TUMBLE  
BACK TO NEAR NORMAL VALUES BY THE END OF THE PERIOD WITH HIGHS IN  
THE 50S MID NEXT WEEK.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z SATURDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 158 AM EDT FRI OCT 17 2025  
 
THE INITIAL PUSH OF MOISTURE INTO THE AREA FROM A PLAINS LOW  
PRESSURE SYSTEM IS RESULTING IN THE PRODUCTION OF MID AND HIGH  
CLOUDS ALONG WITH SOME SHOWERS ACROSS CENTRAL LOWER MICHIGAN.  
CLOUD BASES ARE AT OR ABOVE 7,000 FEET AND WE DO NOT EXPECT THEM  
TO LOWER MUCH FURTHER THAN THAT. VISIBILITIES, GIVEN THE RAIN IS  
FALLING FROM A MID DECK ARE UNAFFECTED AND REMAIN AT 10SM -RA.  
 
THE PUSH OF MOISTURE INTO THE AREA THIS MORNING CREATING THE  
CLOUDS AND SHOWERS WILL SLIDE OFF TO THE EAST INTO ONTARIO AS WE  
PRESS INTO THE MIDDAY AND EARLY AFTERNOON HOURS. WE ARE NOT  
ANTICIPATING ANY IMPACT ON THE TAF SITES AND VFR WEATHER IS  
EXPECTED TO PREVAIL. THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING CLOUD BASES WILL  
RISE WITH MAINLY CIRRUS EXPECTED WITH BASES AT OR ABOVE 20,000  
FEET.  
 
SOUTH WINDS WILL INCREASE TODAY AFTER 14Z WITH DIRECTIONS FROM  
180-200 DEGREES AND SPEEDS OF 10-20 KNOTS. MKG WILL LIKELY SEE  
GUSTS PUSH INTO THE 23-27 KNOT RANGE.  
 

 
   
MARINE
 
 
ISSUED AT 405 AM EDT FRI OCT 17 2025  
 
LOOKING INTO THE DETAILS OF THE FORECAST FOR THE NEXT 7 DAYS ON  
LAKE MICHIGAN IT WILL SURELY LOOK LIKE FALL ON THE GREAT LAKES.  
THE EARLY AUTUMN WAS FAIRLY SERENE AS COMPARED TO WHAT WE HAVE  
COMING WITH A COUPLE OF UPCOMING SYSTEMS. THE GALES OF NOVEMBER  
HAS ITS PLACE IN HISTORY, BUT OCTOBER CAN BRING IT AS WELL.  
 
WE START OFF WITH A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM THIS  
MORNING RIGHT THROUGH THE DAY ON SATURDAY. MUCH OF THE NEXT 36  
HOURS WILL FEATURE A 20-30 KNOT WIND OUT OF THE SOUTH. THIS WIND  
WILL BE GENERATED BY A PRESSURE GRADIENT BETWEEN A DEPARTING HIGH  
TO THE EAST AND DEEPENING LOW PRESSURE MOVING INTO NORTHWEST  
ONTARIO FROM THE NORTHERN PLAINS. THE LARGEST WAVES WILL BE  
FOUND FROM HOLLAND TO THE NORTH WHERE 5-10 FOOTERS WILL BE COMMON  
INTO SATURDAY AFTERNOON.  
 
THERE WILL BE A BRIEF LULL IN THE WIND AND WAVES SATURDAY NIGHT AS  
THE NEXT MUCH BIGGER EVENT TAKES SHAPE. DEEP LOW PRESSURE LIFTING  
THROUGH THE GREAT LAKES ON SUNDAY WILL RAMP WINDS UP SUDDENLY  
SUNDAY MORNING. NORTHWEST GALES TO 40 KNOTS WILL SLAM INTO THE  
NEARSHORE WATERS DURING THE MORNING HOURS. WAVES WILL  
CORRESPONDING SURGE IN HEIGHT REACHING 10-15 FEET UP AND DOWN THE  
LAKESHORE DURING THE AFTERNOON. LATEST RUN OF THE WAVEWATCH3 IS  
SHOWING WAVES PEAKING AT 15+ FEET IN THE AFTERNOON BETWEEN GRAND  
HAVEN AND SOUTH HAVEN. THE STRONGEST WINDS AND HIGHEST WAVES WILL  
OCCUR DURING THE DAY ON SUNDAY WHICH IS WHEN THE TIGHTEST  
PRESSURE GRADIENT AND STRONGEST PRESSURE RISES SWEEP OVER LAKE  
MICHIGAN. COORDINATED WITH SURROUNDING OFFICES AND THE CONSENSUS  
WAS TO HOLD OFF ON A GALE WATCH AT THIS POINT GIVEN ITS OUT IN THE  
5TH FORECAST PERIOD.  
 
ANOTHER GALE IS LIKELY MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WHEN ANOTHER AUTUMN LOW  
SWEEPS THROUGH THE GREAT LAKES. WAVES WILL ONCE AGAIN PUSH TO  
DOUBLE DIGIT HEIGHTS. BOTTOM LINE...MUCH OF THE NEXT 5 DAYS THE  
BIG LAKE WILL NOT BE A PLACE FOR SMALLER CRAFT. A COUPLE OF THOSE  
DAYS EVEN THE LAKERS WILL BE LOOKING FOR AN UPWIND SHORE.  
 

 
   
HYDROLOGY
 
 
ISSUED AT 405 AM EDT FRI OCT 17 2025  
 
WE ENTER INTO A WET/RAINY PERIOD IN GOOD SHAPE WITH AREA RIVERS  
WELL BELOW NORMAL. USGS STREAMFLOW CONDITIONS SHOW MOST SITES IN  
THE 24TH PERCENTILE OR LOWER. SO, WE HAVE ROOM TO PUT WATER INTO  
THE RIVER SYSTEMS. MOST OF THE AREA IS RUNNING AT A PRECIPITATION  
DEFICIT OVER THE PAST 30 DAYS.  
 
WPC QPF OVER THE NEXT 7 DAYS IS INDICATING THE POTENTIAL FOR A  
WIDESPREAD 1 TO 2 INCHES OF RAIN. THE BULK OF THIS RAIN WILL OCCUR  
ON SATURDAY INTO SUNDAY AND FROM MONDAY INTO TUESDAY. THE HEAVIEST  
MAY OCCUR ON SUNDAY IN A DEFORMATION ZONE ON THE BACK SIDE OF A  
DEEP LOW MOVING NORTHEAST THROUGH THE LOWER PENINSULA. AT THIS  
TIME THAT SWATH OF PRECIPITATION LOOKS TO OCCUR IN THE GRR  
FORECAST AREA. WE WILL BE WATCHING SATURDAY NIGHT INTO SUNDAY  
CLOSELY. WE ARE OUTLOOKED FOR EXCESSIVE RAIN VIA WPC.  
 
IN TERMS OF THE DETAILS WE AGREE WITH THE GENERAL 1 TO 2 INCH  
WIDESPREAD RAIN ACROSS THE AREA. WE WILL NEED TO KEEP AN EYE ON  
THE POTENTIAL FOR TOTALS EXCEEDING 2 INCHES WITH THE DEFORMATION  
ZONE HEAVY PRECIPITATION BAND ON SUNDAY. LOOKING AT ENSEMBLE DATA  
MOST OF THE RIVERS IN THE AREA ARE LOOKING AT SUBSTANTIAL WITHIN  
BANK RISES. GIVEN THE LOW FLOWS AT PRESENT WE ARE NOT EXPECTING  
MUCH IF ANY IN THE WAY OF MAINSTEM RIVER FLOODING. WHAT WE ARE  
EXPECTING IS THE POTENTIAL FOR A FEW FLASHY SITES LIKE HOLT ON  
SYCAMORE CREEK AND JACKSON ON THE GRAND TO MAKE RUNS AT ACTION  
STAGE. SMALLER CREEKS AND STREAMS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO EXCEED  
BANKFULL DURING THE HEAVIEST RAIN. LOW LYING AREA MAY ALSO SEE  
PONDING OF WATER SATURDAY NIGHT INT SUNDAY ESPECIALLY.  
 

 
   
GRR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
MI...NONE.  
MARINE...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY UNTIL 8 PM EDT SATURDAY FOR LMZ844>849.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...DUKE  
AVIATION...DUKE  
MARINE...DUKE  
HYDROLOGY...DUKE  
 
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