413  
FXUS63 KIND 160531  
AFDIND  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN  
1231 AM EST TUE DEC 16 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- ISOLATED FREEZING DRIZZLE POSSIBLE TUESDAY NIGHT GENERALLY ALONG  
AND NORTH OF I-70.  
 
- WIDESPREAD MODERATE RAIN LIKELY THURSDAY WITH MINOR FLOODING  
POSSIBLE.  
 
- STRONG WINDS THURSDAY EVENING/NIGHT WITH GUSTS OVER 35 MPH  
POSSIBLE.  
 
- FLASH FREEZE THREAT THURSDAY NIGHT/EARLY FRIDAY AS TEMPERATURES  
FALL 30-40 DEGREES IN 6-8 HRS.  
 
- ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES EXPECTED NEXT WEEKEND INTO CHRISTMAS  
WEEK.  
 
 
   
FORECAST UPDATE  
 
ISSUED AT 1000 PM EST MON DEC 15 2025  
 
QUIET ZONAL RIDGE WILL PREVAIL THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT WITH RECENT  
ARCTIC RIDGE HAVING SLID TO THE SOUTHEASTERN CONUS, AND ANY GRADIENT  
FROM NEXT NORTHERN SYSTEM HOLDING OFF UNTIL TUESDAY. TEMPERATURES  
ARE HOLDING STEADIER THAN ORIGINALLY EXPECTED WITH AMPLE MID/HIGH  
CLOUD PROVIDING ADEQUATE INSULATION...SO HAVE DELAYED DECREASE OF  
READINGS OVER NEXT FEW HOURS AND MADE SLIGHT UPWARD ADJUSTMENTS TO  
LOW TEMPERATURES TONIGHT. DRY COLUMN AND LACK OF FORCING AMID  
MODEST DIFFERENTIAL NVA TO MAINTAIN PRECIPITATION-FREE CONDITIONS  
TONIGHT.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM (THIS EVENING THROUGH TUESDAY)  
 
ISSUED AT 316 PM EST MON DEC 15 2025  
 
TONIGHT.  
 
HIGH CLOUDS WILL CONTINUE TO STREAM IN FROM THE NORTHWEST WITH  
COVERAGE GRADUALLY DECREASING INTO THE EVENING AS THE UPPER LEVEL  
FLOW GRADUALLY BECOMES MORE WESTERLY VS NORTHWESTERLY. WIND GUSTS OF  
20-25 MPH WILL CONTINUE THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON WITH  
A 40KT LLJ AT 3KFT. WEAK LAPSE RATES UP TO THIS LEVEL WILL HELP TO  
LIMIT DOWN THE FREQUENCY OF GUSTS, BUT DO THINK AT LEAST  
OCCASIONALLY WE WILL SEE THOSE STRONGER WINDS.  
 
DRY AND QUIET WEATHER IS EXPECTED FOR THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. THERE MAY  
BE SOME LOW CLOUDS ACROSS THE FAR NORTHWESTERN COUNTIES AND THE FAR  
SOUTH TOWARDS DAYBREAK, BUT COVERAGE WILL BE MINIMAL WITH A FAIRLY  
DRY NEAR SURFACE AIRMASS.  
 
TUESDAY.  
 
MAIN FOCUS FOR TUESDAY WILL BE TRACKING THE POTENTIAL FOR A VERY  
LIGHT PRECIPITATION EVENT ACROSS SOUTHERN INDIANA TOWARDS THE LATE  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING HOURS. HIGHER RESOLUTION MODELS HAVE BEEN  
PICKING UP ON AN AREA OF SATURATION NEAR THE SURFACE WITH WEAK LIFT  
IN THE CLOUD LAYER, MAINLY ACROSS SOUTHERN INDIANA WHICH MAY BE JUST  
ENOUGH TO SQUEEZE OUT SOME DRIZZLE OR LIGHT RAIN TOWARDS THE EVENING  
HOURS. SURFACE TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED TO BE IN THE MID 30S, BUT  
WITH A FROZEN GROUND THERE COULD BE SOME MINOR IMPACTS ON UNTREATED  
SURFACES DUE TO THE RECENT COLD. WITH PLENTY OF SUN EXPECTED  
TOMORROW, THE IMPACTS MAY NOT BE MORE NOTICEABLE UNTIL THE OVERNIGHT,  
BUT IT WILL BE SOMETHING THAT NEEDS TO BE MONITORED GOING INTO THE  
DAY TUESDAY.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM (TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY)  
 
ISSUED AT 316 PM EST MON DEC 15 2025  
 
PERSISTENT SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW WILL ADVECT DEEPER LOW LEVEL  
MOISTURE NOTED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO  
THE REGION. AS WE GO INTO TUESDAY NIGHT A GLANCING BLOW OF A  
SHORTWAVE TROUGH MOVING THROUGH THE GREAT LAKES AND A WEAKER  
SHORTWAVE TROUGH MOVING ACROSS THE MS VALLEY, WITH AN ATTENDANT  
LOW-MID LEVEL DEEP CONVERGENCE ZONE, MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO GENERATE  
LIGHT DRIZZLE. OPERATIONAL 3KM NAM CONTINUES TO SHOW AND SEVERAL  
OTHER CAMS ARE ALSO SHOWING LIGHT QPF TUESDAY NIGHT. FREEZING  
DRIZZLE WILL BE POSSIBLE WHERE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURES ARE  
EXPECTED TO RANGE FROM 30-32 IN AREAS GENERALLY ALONG AND NORTH OF  
I-70. THANKS TO THE RECENT COLD SPELL EXPERIMENTAL NWS ROAD TEMP  
FORECAST INDICATES ROAD TEMPS ARE EXPECTED TO FALL BELOW FREEZING  
BY 02Z WEDNESDAY (9 PM TUESDAY). THE POTENTIAL EXISTS FOR MINOR  
ICE ACCUMULATIONS ON ANY UNTREATED ROADS INTO THE EARLY MORNING  
HOURS ON WEDNESDAY BEFORE THE FORCING MOVES EAST OF THE FORECAST  
AREA. AT THIS TIME, THIS FREEZING DRIZZLE POTENTIAL WILL BE  
MENTIONED IN THE HWO WITH NO HEADLINES BEING ISSUED.  
 
WITH THE CONTINUED PERSISTENT DEEP SOUTHWESTERLY LOW LEVEL FLOW THE  
WARMER/MOISTENING AIRMASS MOVING OVER A RECEDING/MELTING SNOWPACK IS  
A RECIPE FOR FOG BOTH LATE TUESDAY NIGHT/EARLY WEDNESDAY BUT EVEN  
MORE SO GOING INTO WEDNESDAY NIGHT. HAVE ADDED PATCHY LOCALLY DENSE  
FOG WEDNESDAY NIGHT AS SNOWMELT/COLD GROUND TEMPERATURES OCCUR  
BENEATH SURFACE DEWPOINTS IN THE 30-35F RANGE. DRIZZLE/LIGHT RAIN  
WILL DEVELOP LATE WEDNESDAY NIGHT AS LOW LEVEL JET/FORCING INCREASE.  
FORECAST SOUNDINGS SHOW TEMPERATURES JUST BARELY ABOVE FREEZING (33-  
34) IN NORTHERN FORECAST AREA THROUGH 06Z BEFORE RISING BETWEEN 06-  
12Z THURS. THERE IS A VERY SLIGHT CHANCE OF FREEZING DRIZZLE DURING  
THE 00-06Z PERIOD, HOWEVER WILL LEAVE THIS POTENTIAL OUT OF THE  
GRIDS/FORECAST FOR NOW GIVEN THE DEGREE OF UNCERTAINTY.  
 
A MUCH MORE PRONOUNCED/LARGER SHORTWAVE WILL MOVE OUT OF THE ROCKIES  
INTO THE PLAINS WEDNESDAY AND INTO THE OHIO VALLEY/GREAT LAKES  
REGION ON THURSDAY. STRONG HEIGHT FALLS, AMPLE LOW LEVEL MOISTURE  
AND A STRONG COLD FRONT SPELL WIDESPREAD PRECIPITATION THURSDAY  
ACROSS THE AREA. NBM POPS FROM 90-99 LOOK VERY REASONABLE. QUESTIONS  
REMAIN ON THE DEGREE OF COOLING AND ANY ANAFRONTAL FORCING THAT  
WOULD SUPPORT A MIX OF RAIN/SNOW BEFORE PRECIP ENDS THURSDAY NIGHT,  
ALTHOUGH RECENT MODEL TRENDS ARE SHOWING A LITTLE BETTER CHANCE OF  
MINOR SNOW ACCUMULATIONS (LESS THAN 1 INCH) BETWEEN 00-06Z FRIDAY  
BEFORE PRECIP ENDS.  
 
THE BIGGEST CONCERNS WITH THIS SYSTEM WILL BE HYDROLOGIC, STRONG  
WINDS AND TRANSPORTATION IMPACTS. THE HYDROLOGIC CONCERNS ARE  
FOCUSED ON THE INTENSITY AND AMOUNTS OF RAINFALL /PWATS NEAR THE  
90TH PERCENTILE FOR MID-DECEMBER/. CONSENSUS IN MODEL GUIDANCE  
INDICATES ANYWHERE AROUND 0.50 TO 0.75 INCH OF QPF, WITH THE RECENT  
RUNS OF THE GFS SHOWING UP TO 1.25 INCHES FOR PORTIONS OF THE  
FORECAST AREA. THIS MODERATE TO HEAVY RAINFALL FALLING IN LESS THAN  
6 HRS WITH THE MAIN FRONTAL PASSAGE THURSDAY AFTERNOON COMBINED WITH  
THE COLD GROUND WILL AID IN ENHANCED RUNOFF INTO STREAMS AND  
POTENTIAL FOR SOME ICE JAMS, AS MOST IF NOT ALL AREA CREEKS AND  
RIVERS FROZEN OVER AT THIS MOMENT. THE SAVING GRACE FOR MORE  
WIDESPREAD FLOODING IS THE LOWER THAN AVERAGE RIVER LEVELS THANKS TO  
THE LONG TERM DROUGHT OVER MUCH OF THE AREA AS WELL AS THE DEGREE OF  
ICE THICKNESS.  
 
GRADIENT WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE THURSDAY MORNING AHEAD OF  
THE COLD FRONT, BUT THE STRONGEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO OCCUR  
THURSDAY EVENING IN THE WAKE OF THE FRONT. GFS MODEL SOUNDINGS SHOW  
MOMENTUM TRANSFER OF. 35-40 KTS WINDS IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER TO THE  
SURFACE. HAVE BUMPED UP WIND GUSTS IN NBM TO ACCOUNT FOR THIS  
POTENTIAL, AND HEADLINES FOR A WIND ADVISORY LOOK POSSIBLE. LASTLY,  
THE TRANSPORTATION CONCERNS ARE FOCUSED ON THE RAINFALL WASHING OFF  
SALT ON AREA ROADS, PONDING OF WATER AND THE INCREASING THREAT FOR A  
FLASH FREEZE POTENTIAL THURSDAY NIGHT WITH TEMPERATURES QUICKLY  
FALLING INTO THE 15-20 F RANGE BY EARLY FRIDAY MORNING.  
 
AFTER COLDER AND DRIER CONDITIONS RETURN FRIDAY, ANOTHER WARMUP  
COMMENCES GOING INTO NEXT WEEKEND WITH HIGHS EXPECTED TO APPROACH 5-  
10 DEGREES ABOVE NORMAL SATURDAY. DETERMINISTIC MODELS ARE IN GOOD  
AGREEMENT WITH ANOTHER SHORTWAVE INCREASING RAIN CHANCES ACROSS THE  
REGION SATURDAY NIGHT INTO SUNDAY. HOWEVER, SPREAD IN ENSEMBLES HAS  
BEEN INCREASING, THEREFORE LOW END POPS SEEM REASONABLE. THE WARMER  
THAN NORMAL TEMPERATURES WILL CONTINUE GOING INTO CHRISTMAS WEEK,  
WITH SOME INDICATIONS OF HIGHS 20 DEG ABOVE NORMAL RIGHT BEFORE  
CHRISTMAS. THUS THE CHANCES OF A WHITE CHRISTMAS FOR CENTRAL INDIANA  
ARE LOOKING VERY VERY LOW INDEED.  
 
 
   
AVIATION (06Z TAF ISSUANCE)  
 
ISSUED AT 1229 AM EST TUE DEC 16 2025  
 
IMPACTS:  
 
- MVFR STRATUS POSSIBLE FROM BMG TO IND  
- LOW-LEVEL WIND SHEAR AFTER 00Z  
 
DISCUSSION:  
 
A TROUGH PASSING OVER THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES WILL PROMOTE  
INCREASING SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW THROUGH THE TAF PERIOD. BY TONIGHT, A  
STRONG LOW-LEVEL JET IS EXPECTED WHICH WILL RESULT IN SOME LOW-LEVEL  
WIND SHEAR AT ALL TERMINALS. AT THE SURFACE, SW WINDS AROUND OR A  
LITTLE ABOVE 10KT ARE EXPECTED AS WELL.  
 
MOISTURE ADVECTION NORTHWARD BY THE LOW-LEVEL JET IS ONGOING FROM  
ABOUT ST LOUIS SOUTHWESTWARD. THERE ARE SOME INDICATIONS WITHIN  
GUIDANCE THAT THESE CLOUDS MAKE IT INTO INDIANA LATER THIS  
MORNING. UPSTREAM OBSERVATIONS SHOW MVFR CEILINGS IN THE  
2000-2500FT RANGE. GUIDANCE SHOWS SIMILAR CEILINGS ACROSS INDIANA,  
PERHAPS DROPPING A BIT BELOW 2000FT DUE TO A COOLER BOUNDARY  
LAYER WITH NORTHWARD EXTENT.  
 
 
   
IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
NONE.  
 
 
 
 
UPDATE...AGM  
SHORT TERM...WHITE  
LONG TERM...CROSBIE  
AVIATION...ECKHOFF  
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