651  
FXUS63 KLMK 281829  
AFDLMK  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY  
229 PM EDT FRI MAR 28 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
* WARM WEATHER CONTINUES OVER THE WEEKEND, AND WIDESPREAD LIGHT TO  
MODERATE SHOWERS AND FEW NON-SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED SATURDAY  
NIGHT.  
 
* CONFIDENCE CONTINUES TO INCREASE FOR STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS  
SUNDAY NIGHT, WHICH WILL BE CAPABLE OF ALL SEVERE HAZARDS (WIND,  
HAIL, TORNADO, LOCALLY HEAVY DOWNPOURS).  
 
* ANOTHER STRONG LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM COULD BRING WINDY CONDITIONS TO  
THE REGION WEDNESDAY, AND THUNDERSTORMS, POSSIBLY STRONG,  
WEDNESDAY INTO WEDNESDAY NIGHT.  
 
* ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND STORMS MAY CONTINUE INTO THURSDAY AND  
FRIDAY, LEADING TO SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL TOTALS BY THE END OF THE  
WEEK.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM /THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT/  
 
ISSUED AT 228 PM EDT FRI MAR 28 2025  
 
CURRENTLY, AMPLE ATMOSPHERIC MIXING AND WAA HAVE ALLOWED FOR  
TEMPERATURES TO WARM INTO THE UPPER 70S AND LOW 80S AND WINDS TO  
GUST UP TO 35MPH. THESE CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE UNTIL SUNSET WHEN  
THE NOCTURNAL INVERSION WILL BEGIN TO SETTLE THE WINDS FOR THE  
OVERNIGHT PERIOD.  
 
A TROUGH IS APPROACHING THE TN/OH VALLEYS FROM THE ARKLATEX. THIS  
TROUGH WILL INCREASE MID-UPPER LEVEL SKY COVERAGE FROM SOUTHWEST TO  
NORTHEAST OVERNIGHT. BROKEN SKIES AND CONTINUED LIGHT SOUTHWESTERLY  
FLOW BRINGING INCREASED DEW POINTS WILL PREVENT COOLING OVERNIGHT.  
LOW TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED TO FALL INTO THE UPPER 50S AND LOW  
60S.  
 
SATURDAY, THE TROUGH IS FORECASTED TO BE OVER THE TN VALLEY AND THE  
40-45KT LLJ WILL PUSH EAST OVER THE REGION. THIS WILL HELP PROMOTE  
SCATTERED LIGHT SHOWERS IN THE MID MORNING OVER THE WESTERN PORTIONS  
OF THE REGION. THROUGH THE DAY THESE SHOWERS WILL TRACK EAST AND  
COVERING MOST OF THE REGION WITH SCATTERED SHOWERS IN THE AFTERNOON.  
AS THE COLUMN SATURATES DURING THE DAY, COUPLED WITH THE LLJ, GUSTY  
WINDS UP TO 30MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE. HIGH TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED  
TO BE IN THE MID-UPPER 70S AND FLIRTING WITH 80 IN SOME SPOTS.  
 
SATURDAY NIGHT, THE TROUGH WILL MOVE OVER THE REGION, BRINGING  
BETTER FORCING AND SHEAR TO PRESENT MOISTURE. THIS WILL RESULT IN  
SCATTERED MODERATE SHOWERS AND STORMS. STORMS COULD BRING GUSTY  
WINDS, BUT ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE SEVERE. LOW TEMPERATURES SUNDAY  
MORNING WILL BE SIMILAR TO SATURDAY MORNING IN THE UPPER 50S AND LOW  
60S.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 228 PM EDT FRI MAR 28 2025  
 
SUNDAY - SUNDAY NIGHT...  
 
AN IMPACTFUL SPRING STORM SYSTEM IS STILL FORECAST TO BRING SEVERE  
STORMS TO THE REGION BY SUNDAY NIGHT.  
 
THE DAYLIGHT HOURS ON SUNDAY WILL BE MOSTLY CLOUDY WITH SCATTERED  
SHOWERS AND A FEW LOW-TOPPED THUNDERSTORMS IN WARM ADVECTION WITH  
SHALLOW MOISTURE BELOW 700MB. SOUTH WINDS GUSTING TO 25-30 MPH WILL  
BRING WARM, MOIST AIR NORTHWARD AHEAD OF THE INCOMING STORM SYSTEM.  
 
SUNDAY NIGHT THE OHIO VALLEY WILL BE BENEATH THE RIGHT ENTRANCE  
REGION OF A NORTHERN JET MAX FROM THE GREAT LAKES TO NEW ENGLAND,  
AND THE LEFT EXIT REGION OF A PACIFIC JET STREAMING EASTWARD TO THE  
LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. A 500MB SHORTWAVE TROUGH WILL SWING  
THROUGH THE PLAINS AND INTO THE GREAT LAKES WITH A SPEED MAX  
ADVANCING FROM THE OZARKS SUNDAY AFTERNOON TO INDIANA BY LATE  
EVENING. THE LOW LEVEL JET'S STRONGEST SPEEDS WILL BE FROM TENNESSEE  
TO OHIO, AND AT THE SURFACE A MIDWESTERN LOW WILL CROSS MICHIGAN,  
SWINGING IT TRAILING COLD FRONT INTO THE MIDDLE/UPPER OHIO VALLEY BY  
SUNRISE MONDAY.  
 
WHILE CLOUDS AND SHOWERS MAY LIMIT INSTABILITY DURING THE DAY  
WEDNESDAY, THIS IS A STRONGLY DYNAMICALLY FORCED SYSTEM THAT WILL  
STILL HAVE SUFFICIENT CAPE TO WORK WITH IN A NARROW BAND OF SURFACE-  
BASED INSTABILITY JUST AHEAD OF THE INCOMING SYNOPTIC SURFACE  
BOUNDARY. STORMS THAT ERUPT FROM ILLINOIS TO ARKANSAS SUNDAY  
AFTERNOON ARE EXPECTED TO CONGEAL INTO A LINE AS THEY MOVE INTO THE  
OHIO VALLEY, WITH ORGANIZED CONVECTION SUPPORTED BY STRONG DEEP  
LAYER SHEAR, MUCAPE AROUND 1000-1500 J/KG, AND PRECIPITABLE WATER  
VALUES IN THE 1.25-1.50" RANGE. LREF-NH ENSEMBLE JOINT PROBABILITIES  
SHOW A 60-70% CHANCE OF BULK WIND SHEAR GREATER THAN 40KT COINCIDENT  
WITH MUCAPE > 1000 J/KG. SHEAR VECTORS ANGLED SLIGHTLY OFF THE  
SURFACE BOUNDARY SUGGEST SOME BOWING SEGMENTS WILL BE POSSIBLE  
WITHIN THE QLCS.  
 
THOUGH SOME MODEL DATA SUGGEST THE POSSIBILITY OF A WEAK, SHALLOW  
SURFACE-BASED STABLE LAYER OVERNIGHT, THERE WILL STILL BE A RIBBON  
OF POTENTIAL SBCAPE AS THE STORMS MOVE IN. STRONG WINDS WILL BE  
POSSIBLE GIVEN THE PLENTIFUL ATMOSPHERIC WIND ENERGY AND THE  
POTENTIAL FOR BOWING LINE SEGMENTS. STRONG LOW LEVEL SHEAR,  
INCLUDING 0-1KM SRH AROUND 250 M2/S2, PRESENTS THE POSSIBILITY OF  
TORNADOES IN ANY SECTIONS OF THE LINE THAT CAN ORIENT THEMSELVES  
MORE PERPENDICULAR TO THE 0-3KM BULK SHEAR VECTORS. ESTP VALUES  
SUPPORT THE IDEA OF WEAK (BUT STILL DANGEROUS!) QLCS-TYPE TORNADO  
SPIN-UPS.  
 
THE OVERNIGHT TIMING OF THESE STORMS ADDS ANOTHER LAYER OF CONCERN.  
PEOPLE IN SOUTHERN INDIANA AND CENTRAL KENTUCKY SHOULD HAVE A WAY TO  
RECEIVE WARNINGS WHILE ASLEEP SUNDAY NIGHT.  
 
THE LINE OF STORMS WILL BE PROGRESSIVE AND IS EXPECTED TO MOVE  
CLEANLY THROUGH THE REGION, MINIMIZING WIDESPREAD FLOOD IMPACTS.  
HAVING SAID THAT, WARM CLOUD DEPTHS AND HIGH PWAT WILL ALLOW THE  
STORMS TO BE EFFICIENT RAIN PRODUCERS AND WILL STILL GENERATE HEAVY  
DOWNPOURS.  
 
MONDAY-TUESDAY...  
 
ONCE THE SHOWERS AND STORMS MOVE OFF TO THE EAST EARLY MONDAY  
MORNING WE'LL HAVE A BREAK FROM THE STORMY WEATHER AS A LONG NORTH-  
SOUTH RIDGE OF HIGH PRESSURE SLIDES FROM THE PLAINS TO THE EAST  
COAST.  
 
WEDNESDAY-FRIDAY...  
 
THE NEXT SEASONABLY STRONG SURFACE LOW WILL CROSS THE UPPER MIDWEST  
AND UPPER GREAT LAKES WEDNESDAY-WEDNESDAY NIGHT. SURFACE WINDS WILL  
BE STRONG AND GUSTY HERE ON WEDNESDAY, AND MID/UPPER SUPPORT WITH  
THIS SYSTEM MAY ACTUALLY BE STRONGER THAN THE SUNDAY NIGHT SYSTEM.  
EFI IS SHOWING SLIGHTLY UNUSUAL CAPE-SHEAR MAGNITUDES, BUT THE MAIN  
AREA OF BEST INSTABILITY IS CURRENTLY EXPECTED TO REMAIN JUST TO OUR  
SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST. MOST RECENT ML PROGS FROM NSSL AND CSU HAVE THE  
GREATEST SEVERE CHANCES OVER THE LOWER MS VALLEY FROM WESTERN  
KENTUCKY TO LOUISIANA, POSSIBLY HINTING AT ANOTHER SET-UP WHERE  
STORMS INITIALLY FIRE TO OUR WEST AND THEN MOVE IN AS A LINE. STILL  
TOO EARLY TO PUT ANY SPECIFICS ON IT, BUT RESIDENTS OF SOUTHERN  
INDIANA AND CENTRAL KENTUCKY SHOULD KEEP IN MIND THAT AFTER SUNDAY  
NIGHT'S STORMS, MORE STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS (WE'RE ALREADY  
OUTLOOKED IN SPC'S DAY 6 FORECAST) ARE A POSSIBILITY WEDNESDAY NIGHT.  
 
OF SOME ADDITIONAL CONCERN IS THAT LAST NIGHT'S ECMWF AND LREF-NH  
DEPICTIONS, AND NOW THIS MORNING'S GFS, SHOW WEDNESDAY NIGHT'S COLD  
FRONT SLOWING ITS FORWARD PROGRESS, POSSIBLY AS A RESULT OF ANOTHER  
WAVE RIDING UP THE BOUNDARY FROM THE SOUTHWEST, LEADING TO A  
PROLONGED PERIOD OF SHOWERS AND STORMS CONTINUING INTO THURSDAY AND  
FRIDAY, RAISING THE QUESTION OF HEAVY RAIN TOTALS. NAEFS AND HEFS  
(LESS SO ON THE GEFS) DO SHOW A CONSISTENT UPWARD TREND IN OHIO  
TRIBUTARY RIVER LEVELS LATE NEXT WEEK.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z SUNDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 123 PM EDT FRI MAR 28 2025  
 
VFR CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE THROUGH THE TAF CYCLE. CURRENTLY, CLEAR  
SKIES HAVE ALLOWED FOR AMPLE MIXING TO BRING DOWN GUSTY WINDS UP TO  
25KTS. THESE WIND GUSTS WILL CONTINUE UNTIL SUNSET WHEN WINDS WILL  
SETTLE FOR THE NIGHT. THE LLJ BEGINS TO RAMP UP OVERNIGHT BRINGING  
IN LLWS FROM 6Z UNTIL 13Z. OVERNIGHT, MID-HIGH LEVEL CLOUDS WILL  
STREAM OVERHEAD FROM THE SOUTHWEST AS A TROUGH APPROACHES THE  
REGION.  
 
 
   
LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
KY...NONE.  
IN...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
SHORT TERM...SRW  
LONG TERM...13  
AVIATION...SRW  
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