306  
FXUS63 KLMK 121743  
AFDLMK  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY  
143 PM EDT MON MAY 12 2025  
   
..UPDATED AVIATION DISCUSSION  
 
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
* SCATTERED SHOWERS AND POSSIBLE THUNDERSTORMS WILL SPREAD NORTH  
ACROSS THE AREA TODAY.  
 
* INTERVALS OF SHOWERS AND SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED TO  
CONTINUE THROUGH MIDWEEK.  
 
* WARMING TREND LATER IN THE WEEK, WITH HIGHS WELL INTO THE 80S  
THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. HOWEVER, UNSETTLED WEATHER LIKELY TO  
CONTINUE THROUGH THIS PERIOD AS WELL.  
 
 
   
UPDATE  
 
ISSUED AT 1140 AM EDT MON MAY 12 2025  
 
VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS THE FOOTPRINT OF LOW PRESSURE  
LOCATED OVER THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY THIS MORNING. A PLUME OF  
DEEPER MOISTURE EXTENDS ALONG THE EAST SIDE OF THIS LOW PRESSURE  
SYSTEM FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST OF FLORIDA ACROSS THE CAROLINAS AND  
INTO EASTERN KENTUCKY THIS MORNING. ALONG THE WESTERN EDGE OF THIS  
PLUME, SCATTERED LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN SHOWERS ARE MOVING FROM  
SOUTHEAST TO NORTHWEST ACROSS OUR AREA THIS MORNING. A DRY SLOT IS  
LOCATED JUST TO THE SOUTHWEST OF THIS PLUME, EXTENDING FROM MIDDLE  
TN DOWN THE I-65 CORRIDOR INTO ALABAMA AT THIS TIME. WITHIN THIS DRY  
SLOT, ALMOST NO CLOUD COVER AND PRECIPITATION IS OBSERVED, AND THIS  
AREA SHOULD MOVE INTO MUCH OF CENTRAL KY LATER TODAY.  
 
FOR THIS AFTERNOON AND THE EVENING, EXPECT TWO AREAS OF SHOWERS AND  
STORMS TO DEVELOP. ONE WILL BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAIN MOISTURE  
PLUME, WHICH SHOULD MOVE NE TOWARD THE I-75 CORRIDOR LATER TODAY.  
THE OTHER AREA SHOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SFC OCCLUDED FRONT  
CURRENTLY OVER MIDDLE TN, AND AGITATED CU IS ALREADY OBSERVED THERE.  
THIS MAY BE THE MORE FAVORABLE LOCATION FOR STORMS WITH GUSTY WINDS  
AND POSSIBLY SMALL HAIL. IN BETWEEN THESE TWO FOCUSED BANDS, THERE  
WILL LIKELY BE AREAS WHICH SEE LITTLE IN THE WAY OF SHOWER/STORM  
COVERAGE THIS AFTERNOON/EVENING. HAVE TRIED TO SHARPEN POPS,  
REDUCING THEM IN THE AREAS MOST LIKELY TO BE WITHIN THE DRY SLOT  
THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. HOWEVER, FORECAST CONFIDENCE IS ONLY  
MEDIUM IN THE EXACT POSITIONING OF THIS BAND OF REDUCED SHOWER  
COVERAGE.  
 
TEMPERATURES SHOULD TOP OUT IN THE MID-TO-UPPER 70S THIS AFTERNOON.  
THE REST OF THE FORECAST IS ON TRACK AT THIS TIME.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/  
 
ISSUED AT 314 AM EDT MON MAY 12 2025  
 
THE UPPER CLOSED LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM IS LOCATED OVER LOUISIANA THIS  
MORNING, BUT WE WILL SEE IT BEGIN TO SLOWLY DRIFT NORTHWARD  
THROUGHOUT TODAY. THE MOISTURE TRANSPORT AXIS IS ON THE EAST SIDE OF  
THE LOW, STRETCHING FROM CENTRAL FLORIDA UP INTO KENTUCKY THIS  
MORNING, WHICH HAS SUPPORTED A FEW SHOWERS AND STORMS LAST EVENING,  
AND WILL CONTINUE TO PROVIDE A MOISTURE PLUME FOR SHOWER AND STORM  
DEVELOPMENT TODAY. THIS MOISTURE TRANSPORT AXIS IS DRIVEN BY A 35-  
40KT LLJ, WHICH WILL STAY EAST OF THE AREA TODAY AS THE UPPER LOW  
SPINS TOWARD NORTHERN ALABAMA.  
 
AT THE SFC, THE ASSOCIATED SFC LOW WILL ALSO BE PUSHING NORTHWARD,  
BUT WILL LIKELY FOLLOW THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. THE SYSTEM IS ALREADY  
OCCLUDING THIS MORNING, AND WILL EXPECT THE OCCLUDED FRONT TO PUSH  
INTO OUR FORECAST AREA LATER ON TODAY AS IT EXTENDS WELL NORTH OF  
THE CENTER OF THE SFC LOW. WITH PWATS ALREADY 1.2-1.4" EARLY THIS  
MORNING, THEY WILL LIKELY PEAK AROUND 1.6" IN AN AREA OF MOISTURE  
CONVERGENCE ALONG THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY. PER SPC SOUNDING DATABASE,  
THE EXPECTED PWATS TODAY WOULD BE ABOVE THE 90TH PERCENTILE FROM  
BNA. AS A RESULT OF THESE HIGH PWATS, NUMEROUS HEAVY RAIN SHOWERS  
WILL BE POSSIBLE THROUGHOUT TODAY, PUSHING NORTH-NORTHWEST THROUGH  
THE AREA. WE DO NOT SEE THESE CELL MOTIONS OFTEN.  
 
ADDITIONALLY, ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE  
THIS AFTERNOON AS DAYTIME HEATING PEAKS. DESPITE PLENTY OF MORNING  
CLOUD COVER AND SHOWER ACTIVITY, GUIDANCE DOES SUGGEST WE COULD  
BREAK OUT OF THE CLOUD DECK SOME THIS AFTERNOON. IF WE ARE ABLE TO  
DO SO, THE PEAKS OF SUNSHINE WOULD SUPPORT DIFFERENTIAL HEATING AND  
STRONGER DESTABILIZATION, LEADING TO OUR ENVIRONMENT BECOMING MORE  
FAVORABLE FOR THUNDERSTORMS LATE IN THE AFTERNOON. HOWEVER, EXPECTED  
EFFECTIVE BULK SHEAR VALUES AROUND 20-25KTS WOULD BE WEAK ENOUGH TO  
KEEP SEVERE PROBS LOW FOR TODAY. SPC DOES CARRY A GENERAL THUNDER  
RISK TODAY, WHICH AGREES WELL WITH OUR THINKING ON STORM CHANCES  
TODAY. WITH ANY STRONGER STORMS, WIND GUSTS AND SMALL HAIL COULD BE  
POSSIBLE.  
 
HI-RES DATA DOES SUPPORT THE IDEA OF PRECIP COVERAGE BECOMING  
MORE ISOLATED THIS AFTERNOON, WITH MANY LOCATIONS POSSIBLY SEEING  
BREAKS IN PRECIP TOO. DUE TO THIS, FORECAST POPS FOR THIS AFTERNOON  
COULD END UP BEING SOMEWHAT OVERDONE. TEMPS THIS AFTERNOON RANGE IN  
THE 70S, WITH MUGGY SFC DEWPOINTS IN THE MID-60S.  
 
BY THIS EVENING AND INTO TONIGHT, THE LOSS OF DAYTIME HEATING WILL  
LEAD TO EVEN LESS PRECIP COVERAGE. SOME AREAS MAY END UP BEING  
COMPLETELY DRY THIS EVENING AND TONIGHT. HOWEVER, WILL STILL HOLD ON  
TO A LOW CHANCE FOR MOST OF THE EVENING, BUT CHANCES SHIFT EAST OF I-  
65 FOR THE OVERNIGHT DUE TO THE CLOSER PROXIMITY TO THE MOISTURE  
TRANSPORT AXIS TO THE EAST. TEMPS WILL BE MILD ONCE AGAIN TONIGHT,  
WITH LOWS IN THE LOWER 60S.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 314 AM EDT MON MAY 12 2025  
 
===== TUESDAY - WEDNESDAY NIGHT =====  
 
BY TUESDAY MORNING, THE UPPER LOW WILL BE DIRECTLY OVER THE OH/TN  
VALLEY. AT THE SFC, THE ASSOCIATED SFC LOW SHOULD BE LOCATED NEAR  
THE MISSOURI BOOTHEEL, EXTENDING AN OCCLUDED FRONT THROUGH SOUTHERN  
IL/IN AND KY AND SUPPORTING ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND STORMS THROUGHOUT  
THE DAY. DAYTIME HEATING WILL LIKELY ENHANCE PRECIP ACTIVITY, THOUGH  
SEVERE PROBS WILL BE EVEN LOWER THAN MONDAY. PWATS MAY END UP BEING  
SLIGHTLY LOWER TOMORROW AS THE PRIMARY MOISTURE TRANSPORT AXIS  
SHIFTS EVEN MORE EAST, THOUGH WE MAY STILL END UP WITH ROUGHLY 1.2-  
1.3" VALUES, WHICH WILL BE ENOUGH FOR WIDESPREAD SHOWERS AND STORMS  
DURING THE DAYTIME.  
 
AS TEMPERATURES WARM INTO THE UPPER 70S, SFC DEWPOINTS IN THE LOWER  
60S WILL HELP US REALIZE MARGINAL INSTABILITY. HOWEVER, WIND SHEAR  
PARAMETERS WILL BE VERY WEAK TOMORROW DUE TO THE PROXIMITY OF THE  
STACKED LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM. THIS WILL LIMIT CONVECTION FROM  
BECOMING ORGANIZED ENOUGH TO BECOME SEVERE. THIS WILL ALSO HAVE AN  
IMPACT ON STORM MOTIONS, WHICH MAY END UP BEING VERY SLOW OR EVEN  
STATIONARY. GIVEN THE PWATS, HEAVY RAIN RATES COMBINED WITH THE SLOW  
STORM MOTIONS COULD LEAD TO SOME LOCALIZED FLOODING ISSUES,  
ESPECIALLY IN POOR DRAINAGE OR LOW-LYING AREAS.  
 
FOR WEDNESDAY, THE HIGHER PRECIP AXIS WILL SHIFT TO EAST-CENTRAL  
KENTUCKY AS THE UPPER LOW CHURNS NORTHEAST OF THE AREA. BEST CHANCES  
IN OUR AREA WILL BE EAST OF I-65, WITH DAYTIME ENHANCEMENT OF SHOWER  
ACTIVITY POSSIBLE AGAIN. HIGHS WILL REACH THE UPPER 70S AND LOW 80S.  
BY WEDNESDAY EVENING AND NIGHT, UPPER LEVEL RIDGING WILL BEGIN TO  
BUILD INTO THE REGION FROM THE WEST, LEADING TO DRIER CONDITIONS FOR  
THE ENTIRE AREA.  
 
===== THURSDAY - WEEKEND =====  
 
THURSDAY WILL BE THE WARMEST DAY OF THE WEEK, AND POSSIBLY OF THE  
YEAR SO FAR. UPPER RIDGING WILL BE DIRECTLY OVER THE REGION, WITH  
STRONG WAA REGIME IN PLACE DUE TO BREEZY SW WINDS. WINDS WILL BE  
ELEVATED ON THURSDAY DUE TO A TIGHTEN SFC PRESSURE GRADIENT. TEMPS  
ARE FORECAST TO HIT THE UPPER 80S, THOUGH CAN'T RULE OUT THE URBAN  
HEAT ISLANDS TO COME CLOSE TO 90. HOWEVER, SATURATED SOILS AND GREEN  
VEGETATION WILL COMBAT THIS POSSIBILITY, SO CONFIDENCE IN SEEING 90  
FOR THE FIRST TIME THIS YEAR REMAINS SOMEWHAT LOW. REGARDLESS,  
THURSDAY LOOKS TO BE A PRETTY WARM DAY, AND ALSO OUR ONE DAY OF  
COMPLETELY DRY CONDITIONS.  
 
FOR FRIDAY AND SATURDAY THE UPPER PATTERN FLATTENS OUT  
SIGNIFICANTLY, WITH PRECIP CHANCES DRIVEN BY THE INTERACTION BETWEEN  
A SLOW-MOVING SFC FRONT AND SUBTLE DISTURBANCES IN THE FLOW ALOFT.  
WILL KEEP IT IN THE CHANCE CATEGORY GIVEN LIMITED FORECAST  
CONFIDENCE, WITH HIGHS SLIGHTLY ABOVE NORMAL AND LOWS WELL ABOVE  
NORMAL AS DIURNAL RANGES WILL BE SMALLER.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 143 PM EDT MON MAY 12 2025  
 
LOW PRESSURE CONTINUES TO SPIN OVER NORTHERN MS THIS AFTERNOON WITH  
SCATTERED SHOWERS MOVING ACROSS THE REGION. OVER THE NEXT FEW HOURS,  
MOST OF THE RAIN SHOWERS SHOULD BE LOCATED OVER LEX AND RGA BEFORE  
THIS BAND PUSHES FARTHER TO THE EAST. WITHIN THESE BANDS OF SHOWERS,  
MVFR/BRIEF IFR VISIBILITIES AND CEILINGS ARE LIKELY; ELSEWHERE, VFR  
CONDITIONS ARE FAVORED. LATER THIS AFTERNOON, SCATTERED SHOWERS AND  
THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP NEAR BWG. WITH UNCERTAINTY IN  
TIMING AND COVERAGE, WILL HANDLE THIS CHANCE WITH PROB30. TSRA  
CANNOT BE RULED OUT AT ANY SITE THROUGH 13/03Z; HOWEVER, CONFIDENCE  
AND EXPECTED COVERAGE SHOULD BE LOW ENOUGH TO LEAVE OUT OF THE  
FORECAST.  
 
TONIGHT, WINDS SHOULD BE LIGHT AND VARIABLE WITH VFR CONDITIONS  
EXPECTED. IF THERE IS ENOUGH CLEARING OVERNIGHT, FOG COULD SET UP  
TOMORROW MORNING, ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WHICH RECEIVE RAIN TODAY.  
CONFIDENCE IN FOG POTENTIAL IS LOW, BUT WAS HIGH ENOUGH AT HNB TO  
INCLUDE AT THIS TIME.  
 
 
   
LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
KY...NONE.  
IN...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
UPDATE...CSG  
SHORT TERM...CJP  
LONG TERM...CJP  
AVIATION...CSG  
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