548  
FXUS63 KLMK 171048  
AFDLMK  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY  
648 AM EDT THU JUL 17 2025  
   
..UPDATED AVIATION DISCUSSION  
 
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
* ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS AND STORMS CONTINUE THIS AFTERNOON  
AND EVENING, ESPECIALLY ALONG AND EAST OF INTERSTATE 65.  
 
* NEAR-ADVISORY LEVELS OF HEAT AND HUMIDITY EXPECTED ON THURSDAY,  
WITH AFTERNOON HEAT INDICES RANGING FROM 100-105.  
 
* SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND STORMS RETURN ON THURSDAY. A FEW  
STORMS COULD HAVE STRONG DOWNBURSTS/MICROBURSTS RESULTING IN  
LOCALIZED DAMAGING WINDS. TORRENTIAL RAINFALL RATES MAY ALSO LEAD  
TO FLASH FLOODING.  
 
* A CONTINUED ACTIVE PATTERN CONTINUES INTO THE WEEKEND AND EARLY  
NEXT WEEK, WITH DAILY CHANCES FOR SHOWERS AND STORMS. HOT AND  
HUMID WEATHER IS ALSO EXPECTED TO CONTINUE.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/  
 
ISSUED AT 345 PM EDT WED JUL 16 2025  
 
THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH TONIGHT...  
 
IT IS A VERY WARM AND MUGGY AFTERNOON ACROSS CENTRAL KY AND SOUTHERN  
IN AS TEMPERATURES RANGE FROM THE MID 80S TO THE LOW 90S WITH  
DEWPOINTS IN THE MID-TO-UPPER 70S. THIS HAS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT  
OF 3000-4000 J/KG SBCAPE, AND SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS  
HAVE FIRED UP ALONG AND EAST OF I-65. GIVEN PWAT VALUES AROUND OR  
SLIGHTLY EXCEEDING 2", THE MAIN THREATS WITH ANY STORMS WILL BE  
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL AND CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING, WITH GUSTY WINDS  
EXPECTED WITH ANY TALLER STORMS WHICH CAN PRODUCE A DOWNBURST. WEST  
OF I-65, SUBSIDENCE IN THE WAKE OF THE MCV WHICH MOVED ACROSS SOUTH  
CENTRAL IN THIS MORNING HAS LIMITED CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT, ALTHOUGH  
A FEW AGITATED CU ARE NOTED ON SATELLITE.  
 
FOR THE REST OF THE AFTERNOON, THERE IS EXPECTED TO BE LESS COVERAGE  
OF SHOWERS AND STORMS COMPARED TO THE PAST FEW DAYS, ESPECIALLY  
ACROSS THE WESTERN HALF OF THE CWA. TEMPERATURES SHOULD WARM INTO  
THE UPPER 80S AND LOWER 90S, AND WHEN COMBINED WITH HIGH DEWPOINTS,  
SHOULD LEAD TO HEAT INDEX VALUES IN THE UPPER 90S AND LOWER 100S. A  
STRONGER PRESSURE GRADIENT IN THE VICINITY OF THE DEPARTING MCV WILL  
ALLOWED FOR CONTINUED BREEZY SW WINDS, WITH SUSTAINED WINDS OF 10 TO  
20 MPH AND GUSTS OF 20 TO 30 MPH EXPECTED.  
 
TONIGHT, AN UPPER SHORTWAVE PASSING ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES WILL HELP  
TO NUDGE A SURFACE COLD FRONT TOWARD THE OHIO VALLEY. THE FRONT  
SHOULD STAY FAR ENOUGH TO THE NORTH TO AVOID PROVIDING A TRIGGER FOR  
SHOWERS AND STORMS, SO WE'LL HAVE LOW (<20%) POPS IN THE FORECAST  
AFTER SUNSET THIS EVENING. THERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH OF A PRESSURE  
GRADIENT IN PLACE TO KEEP A LIGHT SOUTHERLY BREEZE IN OVERNIGHT,  
WHICH SHOULD LIMIT FOG POTENTIAL AND KEEP TEMPERATURES VERY MILD  
INTO THURSDAY MORNING. LOWS TONIGHT SHOULD ONLY FALL INTO THE LOW-TO-  
MID 70S IN RURAL AREAS, WITH URBAN HEAT ISLANDS EXPECTED TO STRUGGLE  
TO FALL BELOW 80.  
 
THURSDAY AND THURSDAY NIGHT...  
 
THE SFC COLD FRONT SHOULD APPROACH THE I-70 CORRIDOR BY DAWN ON  
THURSDAY, THOUGH IT WILL STRUGGLE TO SAG MUCH FARTHER TO SOUTH AS  
THE MID-LEVEL SHORTWAVE FORCING IT TO THE SOUTH WILL QUICKLY SLIDE  
TOWARD THE NORTHEAST US. TO THE SOUTH OF THE FRONT, CONVERGENT FLOW  
WILL HELP TO POOL MOISTURE IN THE LOWEST LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE,  
WITH SFC DEWPOINTS EXPECTED TO BE IN THE MID-TO-UPPER 70S THURSDAY  
MORNING AND PWATS RANGING FROM AROUND 2-2.25". AS SFC HEATING RAMPS  
UP, A VERY UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE AREA, WITH  
SHORT RANGE PROGS SHOWING AROUND 4000-5000 J/KG OF SBCAPE. SHOWERS  
AND STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO FIRE ALONG THE FRONT BETWEEN 15-17Z  
TOMORROW, POTENTIALLY GROWING UPSCALE INTO CLUSTERS OR A BROKEN LINE  
AND PUSHING TO THE SOUTHEAST THROUGH THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING  
HOURS. DEEP LAYER SHEAR OF AROUND 15-20 KT COULD PROVIDE ENOUGH MID-  
AND UPPER-LEVEL FLOW TO SUSTAIN A FEW STRONGER UPDRAFTS, RESULTING  
IN TALLER STORMS WHICH COULD PRODUCE STRONG DOWNDRAFTS AND A FEW WET  
MICROBURSTS. AS A RESULT, IN ADDITION TO TORRENTIAL RAINFALL AND  
FREQUENT LIGHTNING, ISOLATED STRONG TO DAMAGING WINDS ARE POSSIBLE  
TOMORROW AFTERNOON, WITH 12Z HRRR MACHINE LEARNING GUIDANCE  
PRODUCING NOTABLE PROBABILITIES OF SEVERE WIND GUSTS ACROSS THE AREA  
TOMORROW.  
 
GIVEN THE AMOUNT OF MOISTURE AND INSTABILITY PRESENT TOMORROW  
COMBINED WITH DEEP WARM CLOUD DEPTHS (ON THE ORDER OF 13-14 KFT),  
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL RATES ARE LIKELY IN THE HEAVIEST STORMS. 12Z  
HREF GUIDANCE DOES SHOW SOME SWATHS OF 3-4" ON 6-HR LPMM TOMORROW  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING, WHICH WOULD LEAD TO LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING.  
AGREE WITH THE INCREASE TO A SLIGHT (15%) RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL  
TOMORROW ON THE LATEST WPC ERO, AND IT IS CERTAINLY POSSIBLE THAT  
SEVERAL FLOOD ADVISORIES/FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS WILL BE NEEDED. ON THE  
OTHER HAND, STORM MOTIONS SHOULD BE AROUND 20 TO 30 MPH, AND THE  
EXPECTED SOUTHEAST PROGRESSION SHOULD LIMIT RESIDENCE TIME OF THE  
HEAVIEST RAINFALL RATES. DUE TO LINGERING UNCERTAINTY IN POSITIONING  
OF STORMS AND HEAVIEST RAINFALL AMOUNTS, WE'LL HOLD OFF ON ANY  
ISSUANCE OF A FLOOD WATCH, THOUGH ONE MAY BE NEEDED IF CONFIDENCE  
INCREASES.  
 
OUTSIDE OF THE RAINFALL/STORM THREAT, TOMORROW WILL ALSO BE A HOT  
AND STICKY DAY ACROSS THE REGION. HEAT INDEX VALUES ARE EXPECTED TO  
REACH 100-105 IN MANY LOCATIONS, AND MAY REACH ADVISORY CRITERIA  
ACROSS SOUTHWESTERN KY. HOWEVER, IF STORMS DEVELOP FASTER THAN  
EXPECTED, THIS COULD LIMIT HEATING, SO WE'LL ALSO HOLD OFF ON ANY  
HEAT ADVISORY DECISIONS AT THIS TIME.  
 
TOMORROW NIGHT, CONVECTION SHOULD WIND DOWN AFTER SUNSET AS THE  
RESULTING CONVECTIVE COMPLEX STABILIZES THE ENVIRONMENT. WITH THE  
SFC FRONT EXPECTED TO WASH OUT JUST NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER, THERE  
WILL STILL BE A VERY WARM AND MUGGY ENVIRONMENT IN PLACE, WITH  
TEMPERATURES REMAINING IN THE 70S INTO FRIDAY MORNING. SOME HI-RES  
GUIDANCE TRIES TO DEVELOP NEW CONVECTION EARLY FRIDAY MORNING,  
THOUGH THIS SEEMS HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON THE EVOLUTION OF STORMS  
TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING. IF ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND STORMS  
WERE TO DEVELOP, THIS COULD EXACERBATE ANY HEAVY RAINFALL/FLOODING  
ISSUES WERE THEY TO DEVELOP TOMORROW EVENING.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 345 PM EDT WED JUL 16 2025  
 
THE REMNANTS OF THE AFOREMENTIONED FRONT WILL STILL LINGER ACROSS  
THE AREA INTO FRIDAY, KEEPING A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT IN PLACE.  
LINGERING CLOUD COVER AND RICH MOISTURE SHOULD KEEP TEMPERATURES A  
FEW DEGREES COOLER ON FRIDAY, WITH HIGHS EXPECTED TO RANGE FROM THE  
MID-80S TO AROUND 90. THIS SHOULD ALSO HELP TO LIMIT INSTABILITY,  
WITH SOUNDINGS SUPPORTING MORE TYPICAL AMOUNTS OF CAPE AROUND 1500-  
2000 J/KG. FURTHER, WITH MID- AND UPPER-LEVEL RIDGING STARTING TO  
BUILD BACK OVER THE SOUTHEAST US, WEAKER FLOW ALOFT SHOULD REDUCE  
DEEP LAYER SHEAR BACK TO AROUND 10 KT FOR FRIDAY. AS A RESULT, MORE  
GARDEN-VARIETY SUMMER SHOWER AND STORMS ARE EXPECTED ON FRIDAY,  
THOUGH THIS WILL CONTINUE TO CARRY A LINGERING HEAVY RAIN/FLASH  
FLOOD RISK WITH IT.  
 
FOR THE WEEKEND AND INTO NEXT WEEK, THE UPPER LEVEL PATTERN IS NOT  
EXPECTED TO CHANGE ALL THAT MUCH. SE RIDGE WILL REMAIN IN PLACE  
WITH A RATHER DEEP WEST TO EAST FLOW ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY. REMNANT  
FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL LIKELY REMAIN IN THE VICINITY OF THE OHIO  
RIVER, BUT AM NOT SURE IT WILL MAKE IT SOUTH OF THAT. EPISODIC  
BOUTS OF CONVECTION ARE LIKELY AS REMNANT MCVS MOVE ALONG THE  
BOUNDARY. MODEL SOUNDINGS CONTINUE TO SHOW RATHER WEAK SHEAR  
THORUGH THE COLUMN THROUGH THIS PERIOD, SO WATERLOADED DOWNDRAFTS  
CAPABLE OF PRODUCING STRONG WINDS WILL BE THE MAIN THREAT ALONG WITH  
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL AND PLENTY OF LIGHTNING.  
 
UPPER LEVEL RIDGE MAY ATTEMPT TO BUILD A LITTLE MORE TO THE WEST  
WITH A MORE NORTHWESTERLY FLOW PATTERN DEVELOPING ACROSS THE MIDWEST  
AND OHIO VALLEY AS WE MOVE INTO NEXT WEEK. THIS COULD SET THE STAGE  
FOR SOME MCS CLUSTERS TO TRAIL DOWN ALONG THE PERIPHERY OF THIS  
RIDGE AND INTO THE REGION. THE OVERALL SYNOPTIC PATTERN IS ONE THAT  
CAN PRODUCE EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN THE OHIO VALLEY DURING THE WARM  
SEASON AND WE'LL BE WATCHING THE EVOLUTION OF THE PATTERN VERY  
CLOSELY. DAYTIME HIGHS WILL REMAIN IN THE UPPER 80S TO AROUND 90  
WITH OVERNIGHT LOWS IN THE LOW-MID 70S.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z FRIDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 648 AM EDT THU JUL 17 2025  
 
GENERALLY VFR CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED THIS MORNING AND INTO THE  
AFTERNOON HOURS WITH A LIGHT SOUTHWEST WIND EXPECTED. AS WE MOVE  
INTO THE AFTERNOON, EXPECT SCATTERED SHOWERS AND STORMS TO BECOME  
MORE NUMEROUS ACROSS SOUTHERN INDIANA AND NORTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY.  
HAVE TRIED TO ADD SOME TIGHTER TIMINGS IN HERE FOR STORMS THIS  
AFTERNOON WITH THIS FORECAST PACKAGE. CURRENT THINKING IS THAT BEST  
TIMES FOR STORMS AT HNB/SDF/LEX/RGA WILL BE IN THE 17/20-24Z TIME  
FRAME. LOOK FOR TEMPO DROPS TO IFR IN STORMS WITH WIND GUSTS OF 30-  
35KTS IF A STORM WAS TO IMPACT THE TERMINAL. COVERAGE DOWN IN THE  
BWG AREA IS A LITTLE MORE UNCERTAIN SO HAVE CONTINUED PROB30S DOWN  
THERE FOR THE 17/20Z-18/01Z TIME FRAME.  
 
 
   
LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
KY...FLOOD WATCH FROM 2 PM EDT THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THIS EVENING  
FOR KYZ031>043-047>049-055>057-067.  
IN...FLOOD WATCH FROM 2 PM EDT THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THIS EVENING  
FOR INZ079.  
 
 
 
 
 
SHORT TERM...MJ  
LONG TERM....MJ  
AVIATION.....MJ  
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