835  
FXUS63 KLSX 161129  
AFDLSX  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED AVIATION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAINT LOUIS MO  
629 AM CDT FRI MAY 16 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP ALONG OR JUST  
AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT THIS AFTERNOON. HAIL IN EXCESS OF 2 INCHES  
IN DIAMETER AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 80 MPH ARE THE  
PRIMARY THREATS. A FEW TORNADOES ARE ALSO POSSIBLE. IF TORNADOES  
DO DEVELOP, THEY COULD BE STRONG.  
 
- AFTER A DRY SATURDAY, THE CHANCE FOR RAIN RETURNS SUNDAY AND  
CONTINUES INTO NEXT WEEK, WITH THE HIGHEST CHANCES ON MONDAY  
NIGHT AND TUESDAY.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM  
(THROUGH LATE SATURDAY AFTERNOON)  
ISSUED AT 254 AM CDT FRI MAY 16 2025  
 
THE PRIMARY CONCERN IN THE SHORT TERM IS THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM  
THREAT THIS AFTERNOON. THE ENVIRONMENT THIS AFTERNOON WILL BE  
CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH CAPE AND MODERATE TO STRONG (MOSTLY) LINEAR  
DEEP-LAYER SHEAR. ALL SHORT RANGE DETERMINISTIC GUIDANCE DEVELOPS  
3000+ J/KG MLCAPE AND AS MUCH AS 4000+ J/KG BY AROUND 18Z THIS  
AFTERNOON AHEAD OF THE FRONT. 0-6KM SHEAR ON ALL GUIDANCE IS A  
RESPECTABLE 50-60KTS AS WELL. FORECAST SOUNDINGS SHOW STEEP (7.5-  
8.5C/KM) MID LEVEL LAPSE RATES WITH 2000+ J/KG CAPE IN THE HAIL  
GROWTH ZONE. WITH THAT KIND OF INSTABILITY AND SHEAR, ROTATING  
UPDRAFTS ARE VERY LIKELY, AND THIS KIND OF ENVIRONMENT ALMOST  
GUARANTEES HAIL IN EXCESS OF 2 INCHES. LOW LEVEL LAPSE RATES ON  
FORECAST SOUNDINGS ARE BASICALLY DRY ADIABATIC WITH DEEP  
INVERTED-V SIGNATURES ALL THE WAY TO 850MB, SO DOWNDRAFT WINDS  
FROM SUPERCELLS COULD PRODUCE WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 80 MPH.  
LINEAR SHEAR WILL SUPPORT SPLITS AND, DEPENDING ON COVERAGE,  
MERGERS LEADING TO UPSCALE GROWTH. ALL THIS LEADS TO A HIGH  
CONFIDENCE IN SEVERE WEATHER THIS AFTERNOON. WITH THAT SAID, WHERE  
AND WHEN CONVECTIVE INITIATION WILL OCCUR IS STILL SOMEWHAT  
UNCERTAIN. THE GENERAL CONSENSUS IN MOST OF THE DETERMINISTIC  
MODELS, INCLUDING MOST CAMS IS THAT CI WILL OCCUR BETWEEN 18-20Z  
THIS AFTERNOON OVER EAST CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST MISSOURI. THE HRRR  
HAS BEEN PARTICULARLY CONSISTENT IN SHOWING THIS THE PAST SEVERAL  
RUNS. HREF PROBABILITY OF 2000+ J/KG SBCAPE/>25 CINH/AND 45KT+  
0-6KM SHEAR MAXES OUT AT AROUND 60% DURING THAT PERIOD JUST WEST  
OF THE STL METRO AREA, EXTENDING SOUTHWEST NEAR THE I-44 CORRIDOR.  
THIS LENDS CONFIDENCE TO AN EARLY/MID AFTERNOON CI WEST OF THE  
MISSISSIPPI. THERE IS A LESS LIKELY SCENARIO DEPICTED BY THE  
DETERMINISTIC GFS AND ECMWF WHERE CINH IS STRONGER, AND THERE  
ISN'T ENOUGH LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE ALONG THE FRONT TO INITIATE  
CONVECTION UNTIL LATER IN THE AFTERNOON OVER FAR SOUTHEAST  
MISSOURI AND SOUTH CENTRAL ILLINOIS. TO BE CLEAR, I THINK THIS  
SCENARIO IS LESS LIKELY, BUT IT IS PLAUSIBLE. ONE WAY OR ANOTHER,  
FORECAST STORM MOTION IS 45-50KTS, SO EVEN IF THE STORMS FIRE IN  
EAST CENTRAL MISSOURI, THEY SHOULD CLEAR EASTERN PORTIONS OF THE  
CWFA BY 22-00Z.  
 
THE REMAINDER OF THE SHORT TERM LOOKS QUIET WITH THE COLD FRONT  
MOVING DOWN INTO ARKANSAS AND THE TENNESSEE VALLEY. COOLER AND  
DRIER AIR WILL SPILL INTO THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TONIGHT AND  
SATURDAY. LOWS SATURDAY MORNING WILL RANGE FROM AROUND 50 IN  
NORTHEAST MISSOURI TO THE MID TO UPPER 50S IN THE STL METRO AND  
PARTS OF SOUTHEAST MISSOURI AND SOUTHWEST ILLINOIS. HIGHS SATURDAY  
WILL BE AROUND 10 DEGREES COOLER THAN TODAY IN THE MID 70S TO AROUND  
80.  
 
CARNEY  
 
 
   
LONG TERM  
(SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY)  
ISSUED AT 254 AM CDT FRI MAY 16 2025  
 
WE LOOK TO CONTINUE WITH THE ACTIVE PATTERN INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK AS  
THE LREF SHOWS ANOTHER UPPER LOW NOW MOVING INTO THE MIDWEST BY THE  
MIDDLE OF NEXT WEEK. THE CLUSTER ANALYSIS IS SHOWING SOME SPREAD  
WITH REGARDS TO THE TRACK AND THE TIMING OF THE UPPER LOW WHICH  
COULD AFFECT POTENTIAL HEAVY RAINFALL AND STRONG TO SEVERE  
THUNDERSTORMS.  
 
WE WILL BEGIN TO SEE THE CHANCES FOR SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TO  
SLOWLY INCREASE LATE SATURDAY NIGHT INTO SUNDAY AS THE LREF IS  
SHOWING A WARM FRONT BEGINNING TO MOVE NORTH FROM THE MISSOURI/  
ARKANSAS BORDER. THE CHANCES WILL BE HIGHEST ON SUNDAY NIGHT AND  
AGAIN MONDAY NIGHT WHEN IT IS LIKELY THAT A LOW LEVEL JET WILL SET  
UP THE POTENTIAL FOR MCSS TO TRACK ALONG AND NORTH OF THE WARM FRONT  
AND THE LREF MEMBERS HAVE IT'S HIGHEST CHANCES (70-90%) FOR RAIN  
BOTH ON SUNDAY/EARLY MONDAY AND MONDAY NIGHT/EARLY TUESDAY. MOST OF  
IT'S MEMBERS ARE ALSO PRODUCING RAIN AS IT BRINGS A SURFACE LOW AND  
COLD FRONT THROUGH THE AREA LATE TUESDAY. I COULDN'T RULE OUT A FEW  
HAIL PRODUCERS WITH THESE MCSS GIVEN THE FORECAST CAPE PROFILES AND  
THE DEEP LAYER SHEAR. THE DETERMINISTIC GFS/ECMWF ARE SHOWING  
MLCAPES IN THE 1000-1500 J/KG RANGE WITH DEEP LAYER SHEAR OF 40-50  
KNOTS ON TUESDAY, SO DEPENDING OF THE TRACK OF THE UPPER LOW, A FEW  
STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS REMAIN POSSIBLE. THE LREF IS STILL  
ADVERTISING AROUND A 60% CHANCE OF >2" OF RAINFALL OVER THE NEXT 7  
DAYS OVER THE ENTIRE AREA WITH ONLY ABOUT OF 10% OF >4" OF RAINFALL.  
STILL, THIS HIGHER CHANCE IS POSSIBLE WITH ANY TRAINING  
THUNDERSTORMS THAT OCCUR WITH THE MCSS.  
 
THE LOW WILL MOVE OFF TO THE EAST BY LATE NEXT WEEK AND  
NORTHWESTERLY FLOW WILL SET UP ALOFT. AFTER TEMPERATURES MAINLY IN  
THE 70S AND 80S SUNDAY INTO TUESDAY, HIGHS WILL FALL OFF INTO THE  
60S FOR THE MID TO LATE NEXT WEEK.  
 
BRITT  
 
 
   
AVIATION  
(FOR THE 12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z SATURDAY MORNING)  
ISSUED AT 618 AM CDT FRI MAY 16 2025  
 
PATCHY IFR VISIBILITIES HAVE DEVELOPED ACROSS PARTS OF THE EASTERN  
OZARKS THIS MORNING. EXPECT THIS FOG TO DISSIPATE OVER THE NEXT  
TWO HOURS. OTHERWISE, VFR FLIGHT CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED TO  
PREVAIL UNTIL EARLY AFTERNOON. SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL BECOME GUSTY  
UP TO AROUND 30KTS BY LATE THIS MORNING/EARLY AFTERNOON. ISOLATED  
TO WIDELY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP AFTER  
17Z, GENERALLY ALONG AND SOUTHEAST OF I-44 IN MISSOURI AND I-70 IN  
ILLINOIS. THE STRONGEST STORMS WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING IFR  
VISIBILITIES IN HEAVY RAIN, HAIL TO 2+ INCHES IN DIAMETER WIND  
GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 65KTS. A FEW TORNADOES ARE ALSO POSSIBLE. THE  
THUNDERSTORM THREAT IS EXPECTED TO END WITH THE PASSAGE OF A COLD  
FRONT LATE THIS AFTERNOON/EARLY EVENING. VFR FLIGHT CONDITIONS ARE  
EXPECTED THEREAFTER.  
 
CARNEY  
 
 
   
LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
MO...NONE.  
IL...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
WFO LSX  
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