430  
FXUS65 KMSO 100952  
AFDMSO  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MISSOULA MT  
252 AM MST WED DEC 10 2025  
   
DISCUSSION  
 
KEY MESSAGES:  
 
- THE SECOND INSTALLMENT OF A SIGNIFICANT ATMOSPHERIC RIVER, WILL  
BRING HEAVY RAIN BACK TO THE REGION THROUGH FRIDAY, LEADING TO  
HYDROLOGICAL CONCERNS AND FLOOD RISK.  
 
- STRONG WINDS RETURN TODAY, MOST LIKELY FROM I-90 SOUTHWARDS;  
STRONG MOUNTAIN WIND CONTINUES THROUGH THE PERIOD.  
 
- SHALLOW ARCTIC AIR INTRUSION LATE THURSDAY INTO FRIDAY MAY  
BRING MIXED WINTRY PRECIPITATION (SNOW/FREEZING RAIN) NEAR  
MARIAS PASS AND ESSEX, PRIMARILY IMPACTING AREAS EAST OF THE  
DIVIDE.  
 
- HEAVY, WET SNOW ACROSS BACKCOUNTRY AND HIGH ELEVATIONS AREAS  
ABOVE 5000-8000 FEET THIS WEEK.  
 
THE AXIS OF THE INCOMING ATMOSPHERIC RIVER HAS SHIFTED SLIGHTLY  
NORTHWARD IN RECENT MODEL CYCLES. CONSEQUENTLY, FORECASTED  
PRECIPITATION TOTALS FOR THIS SECOND WEATHER SYSTEM HAVE BEEN  
TRENDED DOWNWARD FOR THE SOUTHERN TIER OF THE FORECAST AREA  
THROUGH FRIDAY, PARTICULARLY ACROSS SOUTHERN IDAHO COUNTY. THE  
FOCUS OF THE STRONGEST MOISTURE TRANSPORT AND HEAVIEST  
PRECIPITATION IS NOW EXPECTED TO TARGET NORTHWEST MONTANA AND THE  
IDAHO PANHANDLE FROM CLEARWATER COUNTY NORTHWARD. WHILE THIS  
SECOND SURGE IS STILL EXPECTED TO BE PROLONGED, PEAKING FOR A  
24-HOUR PERIOD, SNOW LEVELS WILL STILL FLUCTUATE. SNOW LEVELS THIS  
MORNING HAVE DROPPED TO BETWEEN 3000-4000 FEET ACROSS NORTHWEST  
MONTANA. PERIODS OF MODERATE SNOWFALL ARE OCCURRING IN LOCATIONS  
SUCH AS LIBBY, KALISPELL AND SEELEY LAKE, POTENTIALLY PRODUCING  
SLICK AND SLUSHY CONDITIONS AND REDUCED VISIBILITY (0.5" TO 1" PER  
HOUR RATES) FOR THE MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL BE RELATIVELY  
SHORT LIVED AS WARMER AIR SURGES INTO THE REGION THROUGH THE  
MORNING HOURS. PRECIPITATION TOTALS TODAY THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING  
IN NORTHWEST MONTANA AND CLEARWATER COUNTY WILL RANGE FROM 1.50"  
TO 4.00" IN THE HIGHER TERRAIN AND 0.75" TO 2.00" FOR VALLEYS.  
TOTALS DROP OFF SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE SOUTH AND EAST, WITH  
SOUTHWEST MONTANA SEEING THE LOWEST AMOUNTS.  
 
WIND ADVISORIES HAVE BEEN ISSUED FOR THE MISSOULA AND BITTERROOT  
VALLEYS, AS WELL AS THE BUTTE AND BLACKFOOT REGIONS FOR TODAY.  
DETERMINISTIC AND ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE INDICATES HIGH PROBABILITIES  
FOR GUSTS IN THE 40 TO 50 MPH RANGE IN THESE AREAS. THE MECHANISM  
FOR THESE WINDS APPEARS TO BE ENHANCED MIXING SOUTH OF THE I-90  
CORRIDOR, WHERE STABILITY PROFILES ARE LESS INHIBITED COMPARED TO  
THE NORTHERN VALLEYS. IN THESE WELL-MIXED AREAS, TEMPERATURES  
COULD PEAK IN THE 50S, UP TO 20 DEGREES ABOVE CLIMATOLOGICAL  
NORMS! IN THE HIGHER TERRAIN, STRONG GUSTY WINDS WILL PERSIST INTO  
THURSDAY.  
 
CONFIDENCE IS INCREASING THAT THE APPROACHING SHALLOW ARCTIC  
AIR MASS WILL EFFECTIVELY DAM UP ALONG THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE  
RATHER THAN SPILLING WESTWARD ON THURSDAY INTO FRIDAY. THIS TREND  
SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES THE PROBABILITY OF SIGNIFICANT SNOWFALL OR  
FREEZING PRECIPITATION FOR THE MAJORITY OF WESTERN MONTANA WEST OF  
THE DIVIDE. THE PRIMARY EXCEPTION REMAINS THE MARIAS PASS TO  
ESSEX CORRIDOR, WHERE THE COLD POOL MAY DEEPEN SUFFICIENTLY  
THURSDAY INTO FRIDAY TO INTERACT WITH OVERRIDING PACIFIC MOISTURE.  
OUTSIDE OF THIS SPECIFIC TERRAIN FEATURE, THE THREAT FOR  
WIDESPREAD WINTER IMPACTS FROM THIS ARCTIC AIR INTRUSION HAS  
DIMINISHED.  
 
OVERALL, FORECAST MODELS ARE TRENDING DRIER FOR THE WEEKEND, BUT  
THE BREAK IN PRECIPITATION LOOKS RELATIVELY SHORT. GIVEN THE DEEP  
SATURATION FROM ANTECEDENT RAINFALL, THE SETUP FAVORS THE  
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW STRATUS AND FOG, WHICH MAY RESULT IN PERSISTENT  
LOW CEILINGS AND REDUCED VISIBILITY EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF  
MEASURABLE PRECIPITATION. TEMPERATURES ARE FORECAST TO REMAIN  
MILD, RUNNING 5 TO 10 DEGREES ABOVE AVERAGE. THE LARGE-SCALE  
PATTERN OVER THE EASTERN PACIFIC REMAINS QUASI-STATIONARY INTO  
NEXT WEEK, KEEPING THE DOOR OPEN FOR SUBSEQUENT MOISTURE FLUX.  
 
 
   
AVIATION  
 
FOR KGPI: THE TERMINAL IS CURRENTLY IMPACTED BY A SURGE OF  
MOISTURE AND LOWER SNOW LEVELS (3000-4000 FT). EXPECT PERIODS OF  
IFR CONDITIONS THIS MORNING WITH MODERATE SNOWFALL RATES REDUCING  
VISIBILITY TO LESS THAN 2 MILES AT TIMES. A TRANSITION TO RAIN IS  
EXPECTED BY MID MORNING (14Z-16Z) AS WARMER AIR SURGES NORTHWARD.  
WHILE VISIBILITY SHOULD IMPROVE TO MVFR/VFR WITH THE SWITCH TO  
RAIN, CEILINGS WILL LIKELY REMAIN LOW (MVFR) THROUGH WEDNESDAY  
NIGHT DUE TO CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION AND TERRAIN OBSCURATION.  
 
FOR KMSO / KBTM / KSMN/ KHRF: THE PRIMARY CONCERN FOR TERMINALS  
SOUTH OF I-90 IS STRONG SURFACE WINDS. AS MIXING INCREASES LATER  
THIS MORNING, EXPECT FREQUENT GUSTS IN THE 30 TO 40 KT RANGE,  
PARTICULARLY AT KHRF. TURBULENCE WILL BE A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN  
THE VALLEYS AND OVER AREA RIDGES. PRECIPITATION MIXED WITH SNOW  
WILL BRIEFLY CAUSE SOME LOWERED CEILINGS AND VISIBILITY THIS  
MORNING, BUT SHOULD IMPROVE QUICKLY BETWEEN 12-14Z AS WARMER AIR  
ARRIVES. PRECIPITATION WILL BE LIGHTER IN THESE AREAS COMPARED TO  
THE NORTH, ALLOWING FOR VFR CEILINGS MUCH OF THE DAY, THOUGH  
MOUNTAIN OBSCURATION REMAINS LIKELY.  
 
GENERAL: WIDESPREAD MOUNTAIN OBSCURATION IS EXPECTED ACROSS  
THE NORTHERN ROCKIES. WINDS WILL BEGIN TO DECREASE IN THE VALLEY  
BOTTOMS AFTER 03Z THURSDAY, BUT STRONG WINDS ALOFT WILL PERSIST,  
INTRODUCING THE THREAT OF LOW LEVEL WIND SHEAR (LLWS) FOR ALL  
TERMINALS WEDNESDAY NIGHT.  
 
 
   
HYDROLOGY  
 
ANTECEDENT RAINFALL HAS PRIMED REGIONAL SOILS, RESULTING IN  
NOTABLE RESPONSES ON AREA WATERWAYS EARLIER THIS PERIOD.  
SPECIFICALLY, OROFINO CREEK AND THE SELWAY RIVER SAW RAPID RISES;  
HOWEVER, HYDROGRAPHS INDICATE THESE WATERWAYS HAVE CRESTED ACROSS  
IDAHO AND CLEARWATER COUNTIES FOLLOWING A RECENT LULL IN  
PRECIPITATION INTENSITY.  
 
THE AXIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC RIVER HAS SHIFTED SLIGHTLY FURTHER  
NORTH THAN INDICATED BY PREVIOUS MODEL CYCLES. CONSEQUENTLY, THE  
FOCUS OF THE STRONGEST MOISTURE TRANSPORT, AND THE "BRUNT" OF THE  
PRECIPITATION, IS NOW TARGETED FROM CLEARWATER COUNTY NORTHWARD  
THROUGH THE IDAHO PANHANDLE AND NORTHWEST MONTANA. WHILE RAIN-ON-  
SNOW PROCESSES REMAIN A CRITICAL DRIVER DUE TO FREEZING LEVELS  
RISING TO 6,000-8,000 FEET, PROJECTED PRECIPITATION TOTALS HAVE  
BEEN TRENDED DOWNWARD FOR THE SOUTHERN TIER OF THE REGION,  
PARTICULARLY SOUTHERN IDAHO COUNTY. CONVERSELY, THE NORTHERN  
TARGET AREAS ARE STILL POISED TO RECEIVE AN ADDITIONAL 2 TO 5  
INCHES OF LIQUID PRECIPITATION, MAINTAINING A HIGH RISK FOR RUNOFF  
ISSUES IN THOSE SPECIFIC BASINS.  
 
FLOOD WATCHES REMAIN IN EFFECT FOR THE TIME BEING. HOWEVER, GIVEN  
THE NORTHWARD TREND IN THE MOISTURE PLUME AND THE STABILIZING  
RIVER LEVELS IN THE SOUTH, THE RISK PROFILE FOR IDAHO COUNTY IS  
DECREASING. FUTURE SHIFTS WILL MONITOR IF THE PRECIPITATION  
DEFICIT IN THE SOUTH WARRANTS AN EARLY CANCELLATION OF THE FLOOD  
WATCH FOR IDAHO COUNTY. RESIDENTS IN STEEP TERRAIN, PARTICULARLY  
IN THE UPDATED TARGET AREAS OF NORTHWEST MONTANA AND NORTHERN  
IDAHO, SHOULD REMAIN ALERT FOR ROCK AND MUDSLIDES DUE TO DEEP SOIL  
SATURATION.  
 
 
   
MSO WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
MT...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH THURSDAY AFTERNOON FOR FLATHEAD/MISSION  
VALLEYS...KOOTENAI/CABINET REGION...LOWER CLARK FORK  
REGION...POTOMAC/SEELEY LAKE REGION...WEST GLACIER REGION.  
 
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 11 AM MST THIS MORNING FOR  
POTOMAC/SEELEY LAKE REGION...WEST GLACIER REGION.  
 
WIND ADVISORY FROM 8 AM THIS MORNING TO 7 PM MST THIS EVENING  
FOR BUTTE/BLACKFOOT REGION...MISSOULA/BITTERROOT VALLEYS.  
 
ID...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH THURSDAY AFTERNOON FOR LOWER HELLS  
CANYON/SALMON RIVER REGION...NORTHERN CLEARWATER  
MOUNTAINS...OROFINO/GRANGEVILLE REGION...SOUTHERN  
CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS.  
 
 
 
 
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