402  
FXUS66 KMTR 121056  
AFDMTR  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA  
356 AM PDT WED MAR 12 2025  
   
..NEW AVIATION
 
 
   
SYNOPSIS
 
 
ISSUED AT 1212 AM PDT WED MAR 12 2025  
 
AN ACTIVE WEATHER PATTERN ARRIVES TODAY WITH PERIODS OF RAIN,  
STRONG WIND, THUNDERSTORM CHANCES, AND SOME SNOW TO THE HIGHER  
REGIONAL MOUNTAINS. WHILE THE BULK OF THE IMPACTS ARRIVE TODAY  
THROUGH THURSDAY, DISTURBED WEATHER WILL CONTINUE INTO EARLY NEXT  
WEEK.  
 

 
   
SHORT TERM
 
 
(TODAY AND TONIGHT)  
ISSUED AT 1212 AM PDT WED MAR 12 2025  
 
PREFRONTAL RAIN OVER THE COASTAL WATERS IS JUST NOW GETTING INTO  
RADAR RANGE. THIS FIRST ROUND WILL ARRIVE IN THE NORTH BAY BAY  
AROUND MID TO LATE MORNING AND CONTINUE SLIDING SOUTH THROUGH THE  
AFTERNOON. STRONG SOUTHERLY WINDS IN THE WARM SECTOR WILL  
COINCIDE WITH THE MAIN RAIN BAND TODAY, MAKING FOR NASTY  
CONDITIONS OUTSIDE. THE WIND HAS TRENDED STRONGER ON THE LATEST  
HIGH RESOLUTION GUIDANCE. THE OFFICIAL FORECAST LEANS HEAVILY ON  
THE 12/00Z LOCAL WRF, AND BRINGS A SEVERAL HOURS OF 30-55 MPH  
GUSTS TO THE ENTIRE BAY AREA AND CENTRAL COAST. AS SUCH, WE'VE  
ISSUED A WIND ADVISORY FROM 8 AM THROUGH 8 PM TODAY. THE RAIN  
FORECAST HAS CHANGED SLIGHTLY WITH A LATER ARRIVAL, BUT OVERALL  
SIMILAR ACCUMULATION AS THE PREVIOUS FEW FORECASTS. COASTAL AREAS  
WILL SEE 1-1.5", WITH 2-4" IN THE COASTAL MOUNTAINS. INLAND  
VALLEYS WILL SEE ANYWHERE FROM 0.5-1", WITH 1-2" IN THE INLAND  
MOUNTAINS. AFTER THE COLD FRONT PUSHES THROUGH THIS  
AFTERNOON/EVENING, COLD AIR ALOFT WILL SETTLE IN, CREATING AN  
UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE. THIS WILL CHANGE THE PRECIPITATION MODE FROM  
STEADY STRATIFORM RAIN TO CONVECTIVE SHOWERS. MOST OF THE  
PRECIPITATION WILL FALL AS RAIN TODAY, WITH HIGHER ELEVATIONS  
SWITCHING TO SNOW OVERNIGHT AFTER THE COLD AIR STARTS TO SETTLE IN  
BEHIND THE FRONT. THERE IS GOOD AGREEMENT THAT THE 500 MB HEIGHT  
WILL DROP TO AROUND 536-538 DM BY THURSDAY MORNING. WHILE THAT'S  
ENOUGH TO BRING SOME HIGH ELEVATION SNOW, IT'S NOT QUITE GETTING  
COLD ENOUGH FOR ANYTHING EXTREME. FOR REFERENCE, THE LAST TIME  
HIGHWAY 17 WAS SHUT DOWN DUE TO SNOW (2/24/23), THE 500 MB HEIGHT  
WAS 533 DM. THE LAST TIME IT SNOWED IN SAN FRANCISCO (2/5/76), THE  
500 MB HEIGHT WAS 528 DM. THE BIGGEST CONCERN FOR IMPACTS TODAY  
IS THE COMBINATION OF WIND AND RAIN, WHICH COULD LEAD TO SOME  
DOWNED TREES AND RELATED IMPACTS TO ROADWAYS AND POWER GRIDS. WE  
ARE NOT EXPECTING THE LARGE RIVERS TO FLOOD, BUT URBAN AND SMALL  
STREAM FLOODING, AS WELL AS SHALLOW LANDSLIDES, ARE POSSIBLE AS  
THE NARROW BAND OF HIGH INTENSITY RAIN PUSHES THROUGH TODAY.  
 

 
   
LONG TERM
 
 
(THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY)  
ISSUED AT 1212 AM PDT WED MAR 12 2025  
 
THURSDAY LOOKS LIKE THE BEST DAY FOR THUNDERSTORM CHANCES, BUT  
IT'S NOT A SLAM DUNK. AS THE COLD AIR CONTINUES TO RUSH IN  
THROUGH THE MORNING, SUN BREAKS WILL ALLOW THE SURFACE TO WARM  
MODERATELY. THIS COMBINATION OF COLD OVER WARM IS UNSTABLE. THE  
WARM AIR NEAR THE SURFACE WILL RISE, EXPAND AND COOL TO THE DEW  
POINT, AND CONDENSE OUT CLOUD DROPLETS. WITH RELATIVELY LOW  
HUMIDITY AT THE SURFACE THURSDAY, THE CLOUD BASES WILL BE HIGHER  
THAN NORMAL, AND THIS CLOUD FORMATION PROCESS WILL HAPPEN MOSTLY  
ABOVE THE FREEZING LEVEL. THAT'S IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT MEANS THE  
CLOUDS WILL CONTAIN A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF ICE. ICE OBVIOUSLY CAN  
MEAN HAIL, BUT IT'S ALSO A NECESSARY INGREDIENT FOR THUNDERSTORM  
DEVELOPMENT. IT'S THE STATIC BUILDUP BETWEEN COLLIDING ICE  
PARTICLES THAT BUILDS THE ELECTRICAL CHARGE NECESSARY FOR  
LIGHTNING STRIKES. THE COLD AIR ALOFT AND STEEP LAPSE RATES (AS  
HIGH AS 9 C/KM IN THE AFTERNOON) ARE FAVORABLE, BUT THE MOISTURE  
CONTENT IS RELATIVELY LOW AND DECREASING IN THE POST-FRONTAL  
ENVIRONMENT (PW AROUND 0.35"). THIS COULD BE THE LIMITING FACTOR  
FOR THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT AND MAY SKEW ANY ACTIVITY EARLIER IN  
THE DAY WHEN THE HUMIDITY IS STILL ELEVATED FROM WEDNESDAY'S RAIN.  
 
THERE LOOKS TO BE A BRIEF LULL IN SHOWERS AS THE DRY AIR FILTERS  
IN LATE THURSDAY. IT WON'T LAST LONG, HOWEVER, AS THE NEXT SYSTEM  
COMES ROLLING IN FROM THE EASTERN PACIFIC FRIDAY MORNING. THIS  
WILL BRING ANOTHER ROUND OF STRATIFORM RAIN, BUT THE IMPACTS LOOK  
LESS THAN THE FIRST SYSTEM. THE THIRD, AND WEAKEST, SYSTEM WILL  
BRING ANOTHER ROUND OF RAIN MONDAY. THE REST OF THE WEEK IS MORE  
COMPLICATED, WITH A LOT OF UNCERTAINTY BEYOND NEXT MID WEEK BUT  
THE PATTERN WILL LIKELY REMAIN ACTIVE.  
 

 
   
AVIATION
 
 
(12Z TAFS)  
ISSUED AT 355 AM PDT WED MAR 12 2025  
 
CURRENTLY A MIXED BAG ACROSS THE BOARD WITH MVFR CEILINGS AND PRE-  
FRONTAL RAIN SHOWERS ALREADY BEING OBSERVED AT SOME TERMINALS.  
CONDITIONS WILL DETERIORATE THROUGH THE MORNING AS THE COLD FRONT  
APPROACHES THE REGION AS STRONG AND GUSTY SOUTHERLY WINDS DEVELOP,  
CEILINGS LOWER TO MVFR, AND RAINFALL INCREASES IN COVERAGE AND  
INTENSITY WITH STEADY RAINFALL EXPECTED AT EACH TERMINAL FOR SEVERAL  
HOURS. BEHIND THE COLD FRONT, WHILE REMAINING STRONG AND GUSTY,  
WINDS SHIFT TO A SOUTHWESTERLY REGIME. SCATTERED RAIN SHOWERS WILL  
SUCCEED THE COLD FRONT WITH EVEN A SLIGHT CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS  
THIS EVENING THROUGH THE END OF THE TAF PERIOD WHICH WOULD POSE THE  
RISK OF LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL AND GUSTY WINDS, LIGHTNING, AND PEA  
SIZED HAIL.  
 
VICINITY OF SFO...CURRENTLY VFR WITH SOUTHERLY FLOW. SEVERAL WIND  
SHIFTS ARE ANTICIPATED THROUGH THE TAF PERIOD OVERALL FOLLOWING A  
VEERING PATTERN. SOUTHERLY WINDS WILL INCREASE THROUGH THE MORNING  
WITH GUSTS UP TO 40 KNOTS POSSIBLE FROM MID-MORNING THROUGH THE  
AFTERNOON. AS THE COLD FRONT PASSES, WINDS WILL VEER TO BECOME  
SOUTHWESTERLY AND EVENTUALLY WESTERLY. STEADY RAINFALL CAN BE  
EXPECTED BY THE AFTERNOON WITH A TRANSITION TO RAIN SHOWERS TONIGHT  
WHICH WILL PRESENT A SLIGHT CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS.  
 
SFO BRIDGE APPROACH...SIMILAR TO SFO.  
 
MONTEREY BAY TERMINALS...CURRENTLY VFR WITH DRAINAGE FLOW AT BOTH  
TERMINALS. WINDS WILL VEER TO BECOME SOUTHERLY, STRONG, AND GUSTY  
THROUGH THE MORNING. STEADY RAINFALL CAN BE EXPECTED BY THE  
AFTERNOON WITH A TRANSITION TO RAIN SHOWERS TONIGHT WHICH WILL  
PRESENT A SLIGHT CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS.  
 

 
   
MARINE
 
 
(TODAY THROUGH MONDAY)  
ISSUED AT 301 AM PDT WED MAR 12 2025  
 
WINDS ARE INCREASING ACROSS THE COASTAL WATERS AS A COLD FRONT  
APPROACHES. GALE WARNINGS ARE IN EFFECT THROUGH THE DAY. ROUGH  
SEAS WILL BUILD THROUGH THE DAY. OVERNIGHT, THERE IS A 30 PERCENT  
CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS AND ASSOCIATED STRONG GUSTS. SEAS WILL  
REMAIN ROUGH INTO NEXT WEEK AS A SERIES OF STORMS MOVES THROUGH.  
 

 
   
BEACHES
 
 
ISSUED AT 420 AM PDT TUE MAR 11 2025  
 
HAZARDOUS BEACH CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY  
AS MODERATE PERIOD WESTERLY SWELL BUILDS TO SUPPORT BREAKING  
WAVES UP TO 15 FEET. AS ALWAYS, PLEASE REMEMBER TO STAY OFF OF  
ROCKS AND JETTIES, KEEP PETS ON A LEASH, AND NEVER TURN YOUR BACK  
ON THE OCEAN!  
 
SARMENT  
 

 
   
MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
CA...WIND ADVISORY FROM 8 AM THIS MORNING TO 8 PM PDT THIS EVENING  
FOR CAZ006-502>506-508>510-512>518-528>530.  
 
PZ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY UNTIL 9 AM PDT THIS MORNING FOR MRY BAY-  
PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 0-10 NM-PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 10-60  
NM-PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 0-10 NM-PT REYES TO  
PIGEON PT 0-10 NM-SF BAY N OF BAY BRIDGE.  
 
GALE WARNING FROM 9 AM THIS MORNING TO 9 PM PDT THIS EVENING FOR  
MRY BAY-PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 0-10 NM-PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS  
10-60 NM-PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 0-10 NM-PT REYES TO  
PIGEON PT 0-10 NM-SF BAY N OF BAY BRIDGE.  
 
GALE WARNING UNTIL 3 PM PDT THIS AFTERNOON FOR PT ARENA TO PT  
REYES 0-10 NM-PT ARENA TO PT REYES 10-60 NM.  
 

 
 

 
 
SHORT TERM...FLYNN  
LONG TERM....FLYNN  
AVIATION...SARMENT  
MARINE...FLYNN  
 
VISIT US AT WWW.WEATHER.GOV/SANFRANCISCO  
 
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