416  
FXUS66 KMTR 181154  
AFDMTR  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA  
454 AM PDT THU SEP 18 2025  
   
..NEW AVIATION  
 
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
UPDATED AT 304 AM PDT THU SEP 18 2025  
 
- SHOWERS WITH ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS TODAY INTO  
FRIDAY  
 
- COOLER TEMPERATURES TODAY AND FRIDAY, WITH A WEEKEND WARM UP  
 
- RAINFALL CHANCES INCREASE AGAIN FOR THE BEGINNING OF NEXT WEEK  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM  
 
ISSUED AT 304 AM PDT THU SEP 18 2025  
(TODAY AND TONIGHT)  
 
FORECAST FOR AREAS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUING TO MOVE  
NORTH INTO OUR AREA OUT AHEAD OF THE REMNANTS OF MARIO REMAINS ON  
TRACK AS WE HEAD INTO EARLY THURSDAY MORNING. MARIO IS A LOOSELY  
DEFINED UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE AT THIS POINT, CURRENTLY MOVING  
SLOWLY NORTH OFFSHORE OVER THE WATERS OF SOCAL. THE HEAVIEST  
RAINFALL AS OF 3AM PDT IS OVER THE CHANNEL ISLANDS WITH THE  
LEADING EDGE OF THE PRECIP JUST SOUTH OF PASO ROBLES. LIGHT TO  
OCCASIONALLY MODERATE SHOWERS OFFSHORE OF OUR AREA, ASSOCIATED  
WITH AN UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE OUT AHEAD OF MARIO WILL CONTINUE  
TO DRIFT NORTHWEST OVER OUR OPEN WATERS FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE  
MORNING.  
 
ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS REMAIN IN THE FORECAST,  
ESPECIALLY FOR LATER THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING, HOWEVER THE TREND  
FOR ENOUGH INSTABILITY FOR IMPACTFUL CONVECTION HAS BEEN STEADILY  
DECLINING. THE GOOD NEWS IS THAT, THE UNUSUALLY HIGH PWATS (NEAR  
RECORD FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR) MAY LEAD TO SOME WELCOMED WETTING  
RAINFALL ACROSS MUCH OF THE CENTRAL COAST, AND PORTIONS OF THE SOUTH  
BAY AND EAST BAY. GUIDANCE HAS STRUGGLED WITH THE POSITION OF MARIO  
THE PAST FEWS DAYS LEADING UP TO ITS ARRIVAL ON OUR SOUTHERN  
DOORSTEP THIS MORNING, WITH NO DOMINANT SYNOPTIC FEATURE FORCING ITS  
PROGRESS. DETERMINISTIC GUIDANCE BOTH HIRES AND SYNOPTIC SCALE,  
INDICATE A MORE EASTERN PROJECTION INLAND THAN THIS TIME 24HRS AGO,  
AND THAT TREND IS INDICATED WITHIN THE NATIONAL BLEND OF MODELS  
(NBM).  
 
THE BEST WINDOW FOR ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS IS THIS  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING, MAINLY ACROSS THE CENTRAL COAST AND SOUTH  
BAY. BOTH THERMAL AND KINEMATIC INSTABILITY HAS WEAKENED WITH MOST  
RECENT CAM UPDATES. ENSEMBLE MEAN CAMS MUCAPE (MOST UNSTABLE  
CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY) VALUES ARE GENERALLY LESS  
THAN 100J/KG, WITH WORST-CASE VALUES STRUGGLING TO ECLIPSE  
200J/KG. MEANWHILE DCAPE (DOWNDRAFT CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL  
ENERGY) VALUES ARE GENERALLY 4-5X HIGHER. THAT MEANS THAT THE  
STRONGEST UPDRAFTS AREN'T LIKELY TO LAST LONG, AND THOSE THAT DO  
ARE MORE LIKELY TO PRODUCE MODERATE TO STRONG WIND GUSTS (BUT LESS  
THAN 50MPH) AS THEY COLLAPSE. ANY CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING OVER  
A DRY AREA CONTINUES TO POSE A FIRE WEATHER THREAT, AND CONVERSELY  
WHERE IT DOES RAIN, BRIEF DOWNPOURS ARE POSSIBLE. OTHERWISE  
BENEFICIAL WETTING RAINFALL WILL BE THE STORY FOR A MAJORITY OF  
OUR AREA BETWEEN NOW AND FRIDAY MORNING. PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN  
MONTEREY COUNTY IN THE SANTA LUCIAS MAY SEE OVER AN INCH OF RAIN  
OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS OR SO, WITH A 0.25-0.50" FARTHER INLAND INTO  
SAN BENITO COUNTY. ELEVATED AREAS FARTHER INLAND ACROSS THE SOUTH  
BAY AND EAST BAY MAY SEE UP TO A 0.25" WITH THE BAY AREA AND NORTH  
BAY LUCKY TO REACH 0.10" OVER THAT SAME TIME FRAME.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM  
 
ISSUED AT 304 AM PDT THU SEP 18 2025  
(FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY)  
 
ONCE THE MOSTLY BENEFICIAL WETTING RAINFALL IS REALIZED THROUGH  
THE REMAINDER OF FRIDAY WE'LL SEE TEMPERATURES WARM UP OVER THE  
WEEKEND INTO MONDAY. WHILE WE WARM UP OVER THE WEEKEND, EXTENDED  
GUIDANCE SHOWS AN UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE WELL OFFSHORE DIVING  
SOUTH FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST DOWN TO SOCAL, BECOMING ALMOST  
STATIONARY SUNDAY INTO MONDAY, THEN TAKING AIM ONCE AGAIN FOR THE  
CENTRAL COAST ON TUESDAY WITH MORE WETTING RAIN LIKELY WITH THAT  
SYSTEM. WE'RE FORTUNATE TO BE SEEING THIS RAINFALL AT THIS TIME OF  
THE YEAR.  
 
 
   
AVIATION  
 
(12Z TAFS)  
ISSUED AT 451 AM PDT THU SEP 18 2025  
 
CURRENTLY VFR AT ALL TERMINALS WITH THE EXCEPTION OF HAF. THE CLOUD  
SHIELD FROM POST-TROPICAL CYCLONE MARIO CONTINUES TO TREK  
NORTHWARD. THE AFOREMENTIONED FEATURE WILL BRING SCATTERED RAIN  
SHOWERS WITH A CHANCE FOR ISOLATED EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS. HIGH-  
RESOLUTION AND CONVECTION-ALLOWING MODELS CONTINUE TO DISAGREE ON  
EXACT TIMING AND LOCATION OF THINGS, BUT THE GENERAL TREND IS THAT  
RAIN SHOWERS WILL CONTINUE OVER THE COASTAL WATERS AND ALONG THE  
IMMEDIATE COAST THROUGH THE MORNING WITH THE BULK OF THE RAIN  
SHOWER ACTIVITY AND THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL ON TAP FOR THIS  
AFTERNOON. SINCE CONFIDENCE REMAINS SO LOW IN THE EXACT LOCATION  
OF POSSIBLE THUNDERSTORMS, THEY HAVE BEEN OMITTED FROM THE TAFS -  
THE BEST CHANCES ARE FOR THE MONTEREY BAY TERMINALS OF MRY AND  
SNS.  
 
VICINITY OF SFO...CURRENTLY VFR WITH NORTHWESTERLY FLOW. HIGH  
CONFIDENCE IN VFR PREVAILING THROUGH THE TAF PERIOD. RAIN SHOWERS  
WILL APPROACH THE TERMINAL FROM THE SOUTH THIS AFTERNOON WITH  
ACTIVITY LINGERING INTO THE EVENING.  
 
SFO BRIDGE APPROACH...RAIN SHOWERS AND LOWER CLOUD CEILINGS WILL  
IMPACT THE SAN MATEO BRIDGE APPROACH BEFORE SPREADING NORTHWARD TO  
THE TERMINAL.  
 
MONTEREY BAY TERMINALS...CURRENTLY VFR AND CALM AT MRY AND IFR WITH  
NORTHERLY FLOW AT SNS. IMMEDIATE SHORT TERM FORECAST OF STRATUS IS  
MORE DIFFICULT THAN USUAL THIS MORNING WITH HIGH CLOUDS OBSTRUCTING  
THE VIEW FROM SPACE; NONETHELESS, LIFR-IFR CEILINGS ARE BEING  
OBSERVED WITHIN THE MONTEREY BAY AND GUIDANCE/MODELS SUPPORT THAT  
THROUGH THE MORNING HOURS. RAIN SHOWERS WILL CONTINUE OFF THE COAST  
THROUGH THE MORNING. SUB-VFR CEILINGS WILL LIKELY GIVE WAY TO RAIN  
SHOWERS EARLY THIS AFTERNOON WITH ACTIVITY LINGERING INTO THE  
EVENING.  
 
 
   
MARINE  
 
(TODAY THROUGH TUESDAY)  
ISSUED AT 304 AM PDT THU SEP 18 2025  
 
STRONG NORTHERLY WINDS, OCCASIONAL GALE FORCE GUSTS, AND VERY  
ROUGH SEAS WILL PREVAIL FOR THE NORTHERN OUTER WATERS TODAY.  
ELSEWHERE, A MODERATE NORTHERLY BREEZE AND MODERATE TO ROUGH SEAS  
WILL PREVAIL. ISOLATED RAIN SHOWERS WITH EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS  
REMAIN POSSIBLE TODAY WHICH WILL POSE THE RISK OF LIGHTNING,  
LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL, AND ERRATIC GALE FORCE GUSTS. CONDITIONS  
IMPROVE TOMORROW AS WINDS DIMINISH, SEAS ABATE, AND UNSETTLED  
WEATHER EXITS THE REGION.  
 
 
   
FIRE WEATHER  
 
ISSUED AT 813 PM PDT WED SEP 17 2025  
 
THREAT FOR DRY LIGHTNING IS DIMINISHING AS DEEPER TROPICAL  
MOISTURE MOVES IN FROM THE SOUTH. THUNDERSTORM CHANCES ARE  
UNCERTAIN THURSDAY AFTERNOON ACROSS THE CENTRAL COAST.  
THUNDERSTORMS THAT FORM OVER THE SANTA LUCIA MAY EXPERIENCE DRY  
AIR ENTRAINMENT DUE TO STRONG OFFSHORE WINDS OFF THE GABILAN  
RANGE. DEEP MOISTURE WILL STILL BE IN PLACE, SO THIS ISN'T A  
TYPICAL "OFFSHORE WIND EVENT", BUT MAY BE JUST ENOUGH TO SNUB MUCH  
OF THE THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY ACROSS THE CENTRAL COAST. HOWEVER,  
THIS IS ALL DEPENDENT ON THE TRACK OF THE LOW AND IF IT SHIFTS  
EASTWARD. FOR THE REST OF THE REGION, ISOLATED THUNDERSTORM  
ACTIVITY WILL SPREAD NORTHWARD THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT INTO FRIDAY  
MORNING. EVEN THOUGH MOST THUNDERSTORM CORES WILL PRODUCE WETTING  
RAIN, THERE IS ALWAYS THE CHANCE OF A STRAY STRIKE OR TWO OUTSIDE  
OF THE MAIN CORE, IN ADDITION TO GUSTY AND ERRATIC WINDS.  
 
BEHRINGER  
 
 
   
MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
CA...NONE.  
PZ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY UNTIL 9 AM PDT FRIDAY FOR PT ARENA TO PT  
REYES 10-60 NM.  
 
SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY UNTIL 9 AM PDT THIS MORNING FOR PIGEON PT  
TO PT PINOS 10-60 NM.  
 
 
 
 
 
SHORT TERM...JM  
LONG TERM....JM  
AVIATION...SARMENT  
MARINE...SARMENT  
 
VISIT US AT WWW.WEATHER.GOV/SANFRANCISCO  
 
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