494  
FXUS61 KPBZ 101859  
AFDPBZ  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA  
159 PM EST MON NOV 10 2025  
   
SYNOPSIS  
 
SNOW SHOWERS CONTINUE THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT WITH MINOR IMPACTS IN  
THE LOWLANDS. LAKE EFFECT SNOW BANDS EXPECTED ALONG AND NORTH  
OF INTERSTATE 80 WITH LOCALIZED IMPACTFUL ACCUMULATION, AND  
UPSLOPE FLOW IN THE PA AND WV RIDGES WILL ALSO RESULT IN  
SNOWFALL IMPACTS. SNOW WILL TAPER OFF ON TUESDAY OUTSIDE OF  
INTERSTATE 80 AND THE RIDGES, THOUGH ANOTHER DISTURBANCE ON  
WEDNESDAY WILL REINTRODUCE RAIN AND SNOW SHOWERS.  
 
 
   
NEAR TERM /THROUGH TUESDAY/  
 
KEY MESSAGES:  
 
- SNOW CONTINUES ACROSS THE AREA WITH GENERALLY AN INCH OR LESS IN  
THE LOWLANDS  
- HIGHEST AMOUNTS IN THE RIDGES WITH UPSLOPE FLOW AND I-80 CORRIDOR  
WITH LAKE EFFECT BANDS  
- MERCER & VENANGO COUNTIES UPGRADED TO LAKE EFFECT SNOW WARNING  
- TUCKER COUNTY UPGRADED TO WINTER STORM WARNING  
- SNOW TAPERS OFF ON TUESDAY WITH GUSTY WIND  
---------------------------------------------------------------  
 
A DEEP UPPER LOW PARKED ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES REGION WITH NORTHWEST  
FLOW IN THE WAKE OF LOW PRESSURE SLIDING THROUGH THE NORTHEAST HAS  
TURNED ON THE LAKE EFFECT SNOW MACHINE AND WILL BRING IMPACTFUL SNOW  
TO PARTS OF THE AREA THROUGH TONIGHT.  
 
STARTING WITH THE LOWLANDS... SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS WILL CONTINUE  
IN NORTHWEST FLOW THROUGH THE DAY TODAY. THESE HAVE TAKEN ON A  
CONVECTIVE NATURE WITH MEAGER SBCAPE AND STEEP LOW LEVEL LAPSE RATES  
SUPPORTING CELLULAR DEVELOPMENT. LATEST AIRCRAFT SOUNDINGS FROM PIT  
SUGGEST THAT THE MOISTURE HASN'T QUITE SETTLED IN TO THE DGZ EARLY  
THIS AFTERNOON, AND IS THUS LIMITING THE CEILING FOR EFFICIENT  
DENDRITIC GROWTH. FORECAST CAM SOUNDINGS DO HINT THAT A BIT DEEPER  
MOISTURE MAY WORK IN THIS AFTERNOON AND ALLOW FOR MORE EFFICIENT  
SNOW CRYSTAL GROWTH, BUT STILL ROADWAY TEMPERATURES ARE IN THE 40S  
WHICH WILL LIMIT ANY ACCUMULATION ON ROADS. THAT WILL CHANGE TONIGHT  
AS AIR TEMPERATURES PLUMMET INTO THE 20S FOR OVERNIGHT LOWS, ROADWAY  
TEMPERATURES DIP BELOW FREEZING, AND SNOW SHOWERS REMAIN.  
ACCUMULATION ON ALL SURFACES WILL BECOME MORE LIKELY, THOUGH  
COVERAGE STILL WILL REMAIN SCATTERED AND NOT EXPECTING MORE THAN  
AN INCH OR SO; IT'S MORE LIKELY THAT THE MAJORITY SEE LESS, BUT  
IT'LL LIKELY LOOK MORE WHITE ON TUESDAY MORNING THAN IT DID  
MONDAY MORNING.  
 
FOR THE I-80 CORRIDOR... THIS IS WHERE THE MOST IMPACTFUL SNOW IS  
EXPECTED WITH THIS EVENT, THOUGH THE HIGHEST ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE  
VERY LOCALIZED. LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS ARE UNDERWAY THIS AFTERNOON  
WITHOUT A LOT OF ORGANIZATION YET AS THE 925-850 MB WIND DIFFERENCE  
STILL EXHIBITS SOME DIRECTIONAL DISCONTINUITY AND IS PROHIBITING  
COHERENT BAND(S) FROM DEVELOPING. INTO TONIGHT, FLOW SHOULD BECOME  
MORE ALIGNED AND GRADUALLY BACK IN DIRECTION ALLOWING FOR BANDING TO  
SET UP. WHAT IS LIKELY TO HAPPEN IS THAT THE DISORGANIZED SHOWERS  
EAST OF CLEVELAND THIS AFTERNOON WILL FORM A MORE COHERENT BAND WITH  
SOURCE FETCH PERHAPS ALL THE WAY UP TO HURON AND PIVOT TO THE EAST  
COINCIDENT WITH THE WELL-ALIGNED, BACKING FLOW TONIGHT AFTER 00Z.  
COLDER AIR ALOFT WILL SETTLE IN AND A FAVORABLE COMBINATION OF  
SATURATION THROUGH A DEEP DGZ, MAXIMIZED LIFT WITHIN THIS FAVORED  
ZONE, AND STEEP LAPSE RATES WILL ALLOW FOR A VERY EFFICIENT LAKE  
EFFECT SNOW BAND. ANALYSIS OF THE 12Z CAMS/HREF ELICIT HIGH  
CONFIDENCE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF A BAND BUT MEDIUM CONFIDENCE IN ITS  
LOCATION. HREF FOOTPRINT SUGGESTS THE NORTHERN HALF OF OF MERCER AND  
VENANGO COUNTIES ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE IMPACTED, BUT INCREASING THE  
NEIGHBORHOOD RADIUS (ACCOUNTING FOR SPATIAL UNCERTAINTY) RAISES THE  
POSSIBILITY THAT THE BAND COULD EXTEND AS FAR SOUTH AS FAR NORTHERN  
BUTLER AND LAWRENCE COUNTIES AND/OR AS FAR EAST AS FOREST COUNTY.  
HREF SNOW ACCUMULATION ASSUMES A 10:1 SNOW TO LIQUID RATIO WHICH,  
FOR THIS CASE, IS TOO LOW, AND MORE LIKELY AROUND 16-18:1. THE 90TH  
PERCENTILE QPF, WHICH IS A REASONABLE REPRESENTATION OF THE HIGHEST  
LIQUID EQUIVALENT WITHIN LAKE EFFECT BANDS, IS AROUND 0.70". SO,  
THIS POINTS TOWARD SOME HIGHLY LOCALIZED AMOUNTS WITHIN THOSE  
COUNTIES UP TO THE 10-12" RANGE. PROBABILITY OF 1"/HOUR RATES IS  
80+% WITH 2"/HOUR RATES AT 40-50%. OUTSIDE OF THE BAND, AMOUNTS  
WILL BE MUCH LESS AND IN THE 2-4" RANGE. BECAUSE OF THIS, THE  
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY HAS BEEN UPGRADED TO A LAKE EFFECT SNOW  
WARNING FOR MERCER AND VENANGO COUNTIES. THE TAKEAWAY MESSAGE  
IS THAT PART OF THOSE COUNTIES IS LIKELY TO SEE IMPACTFUL  
ACCUMULATING SNOW TONIGHT WITH GREATLY REDUCED VISIBILITY AND  
HAZARDOUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS WHILE LESSER AMOUNTS ARE EXPECTED  
ELSEWHERE IN THE COUNTY.  
 
FOR THE RIDGES... UPSLOPE ENHANCEMENT WILL AID IN HIGHER TOTALS FOR  
BOTH OUR PA AND WV RIDGES. AS DISCUSSED, THE BOUNDARY LAYER  
FLOW WILL GRADUALLY BACK THROUGH TONIGHT AND THUS NOT RESULT IN  
PERSISTENT FAVORABLE DIRECTION FOR UPSLOPE ALONG ALL OF OUR  
RIDGES. INITIALLY, THE HEAVIEST SNOW AND HIGHEST ACCUMULATION  
SHOULD BE IN THE WV RIDGES WITH A NORTH-NORTHWEST FLOW  
MAXIMIZING OROGRAPHIC ASCENT. AS FLOW BACKS, IT'LL BECOME MORE  
ORTHOGONAL TO THE PA RIDGES AND TRANSFER BETTER RATES AND  
ACCUMULATION THERE. WITH COLDER SURFACE TEMPERATURES, IT SHOULD  
BE EASIER TO LAY ON ALL GROUND SURFACES AND CREATE IMPACTFUL  
TRAVEL CONDITIONS TONIGHT. LEANING ON NBM 90TH FOR SNOWFALL  
TOTALS IN TUCKER COUNTY, WHICH PERFORMS WELL AS AT LEAST A BASE  
AMOUNT, SUGGESTS AT LEAST WARNING CRITERIA SNOW. HREF  
PROBABILITY FOR >6" IN TUCKER COUNTY IS NEAR 40% BUT, AGAIN,  
THIS ASSUMES A 10:1 SLR; REALITY IS CLOSER TO 17-19:1 WHICH  
POINTS CLOSER TO THE 8-10" RANGE AND SUFFICIENT FOR AN UPGRADE  
TO A WINTER STORM WARNING. RATES MAY EXCEED 1"/HOUR WITH A  
60-80% PROBABILITY. ELSEWHERE IN THE RIDGES, LESSER TOTAL LIQUID  
OF UP TO ~0.3" LEANS TOWARD ADVISORY CRITERIA SNOW IN THE 3-5"  
RANGE, SO HAVE MAINTAINED THE REMAINDER OF THE WINTER WEATHER  
ADVISORIES AS IS.  
 
THROUGH THE DAY TOMORROW, FLOW WILL BACK MORE AND EVENTUALLY TURN  
WEST TO WEST-SOUTHWEST AND TAPER OFF THE LAKE ENHANCEMENT FOR OUR  
AREA. IT'LL LINGER LONGEST ALONG AND NORTH OF I-80, AS WELL AS IN  
THE PA RIDGES, WITH A BROADER COVERAGE OF LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS  
POSSIBLE AIDED BY INCREASED SYNOPTIC ASCENT WITH A PASSING MID-LEVEL  
WAVE. SOME ADDITIONAL LIGHT ACCUMULATION IS POSSIBLE. DRIER AIR  
FINALLY ADVECTS IN FROM THE WEST ON THE BACK SIDE OF THE MID-LEVEL  
TROUGH AS IT MOVES EAST AND WILL SHUT OFF THE SNOW ENTIRELY BY LATE  
AFTERNOON. THE OTHER STORY OF THE DAY WILL BE GUSTY WIND WITH A  
TIGHT PRESSURE GRADIENT AND DIURNAL MIXING INTO 25-35 KNOT LOW LEVEL  
FLOW WITH MOMENTUM TRANSFER RESULTING IN SURFACE GUSTS TO 30 MPH.  
WITH HIGH TEMPERATURES IN THE LOW TO MID 30S, WIND CHILL VALUES WILL  
HOVER IN THE 20S FOR MOST OF THE DAY. EASTERN TUCKER COUNTY LIKELY  
SEES VALUES INTO THE NEGATIVE SINGLE DIGITS ESPECIALLY EARLY TUESDAY  
MORNING.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/  
 
KEY MESSAGES:  
 
- PASSING DISTURBANCE MAINTAINS LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS NORTH OF  
I-80 AND IN THE RIDGES ON WEDNESDAY  
----------------------------------------------------------------  
 
UPPER TROUGHING REMAINS DOMINANT ON WEDNESDAY WITH TRANSIENT SURFACE  
RIDGING MAINTAINING MOSTLY DRY CONDITIONS SOUTH OF PITTSBURGH. TO  
THE NORTH AND IN THE RIDGES, ADDITIONAL LAKE EFFECT AND UPSLOPE SNOW  
SHOWERS ARE LIKELY WITH PVA AND A WEAK SURFACE TROUGH PASSAGE. FLOW  
SHOULD REMAIN MOSTLY OUT OF THE WEST THUS KEEPING THE BEST LAKE  
EFFECT TUCKED CLOSER TO THE LAKE ITSELF. WE'LL STRUGGLE TO GET A  
GOOD SHOT OF COLD AIR WITH SURFACE FLOW OUT OF THE SOUTHWEST AND  
HIGHS REACHING THE LOW TO MID 40S ACROSS THE AREA, SO SURFACE  
TEMPERATURES WILL BE MUCH MORE MARGINAL WITH THIS EVENT. NBM  
PROBABILITY FOR >1" IS LOW IN OUR AREA (<20%) WHICH MAKES SENSE  
GIVEN THE ENVIRONMENT, AND ANY ACCUMULATION MAY BE CONFINED TO  
ELEVATED SURFACES. WIND WILL STILL BE GUSTY BUT WITH MODERATING  
TEMPERATURES WON'T SEE A WIND CHILL IMPACT.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/  
 
- DRY WEATHER WITH MODERATING TEMPERATURES THURSDAY AND FRIDAY  
- TEMPERATURES CLOSER TO NORMAL HEADING INTO THE WEEKEND  
-------------------------------------------------------------------  
 
THE LONG TERM BEGINS WITH NORTHWESTERLY FLOW AND SUBTLY RISING  
HEIGHTS AS THE UPPER TROUGH KICKS EASTWARD INTO ATLANTIC CANADA AND  
AN UPPER RIDGE NOSES INTO THE AREA FROM THE CENTRAL CONUS. AT THE  
SFC, HIGH PRESSURE SETTLES IN FROM THE WEST AND DRY CONDITIONS ARE  
EXPECTED. WITH SUBTLE HEIGHT RISES, TEMPERATURES CONTINUE TO TREND  
UPWARDS THROUGH LATE WEEK, APPROACHING AVERAGE BY FRIDAY. A SLOW  
MOVING WARM FRONT LOOKS TO RETURN RAIN CHANCES BY FRIDAY NIGHT,  
BEFORE MORE WIDESPREAD RAIN CHANCES ARE EXPECTED WITH THE PARENT LOW  
LATER THIS WEEKEND.  
 
ENSEMBLES ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT THAT THE RIDGE GETS KICKED EASTWARD  
BY A WESTERN TROUGH ON SATURDAY, RESIDING ALMOST OVERHEAD. HOWEVER,  
THEY QUICKLY DIVERGE ON SUNDAY WITH THEIR DEPTH AND LOCATION OF SAID  
WESTERN TROUGH. A COUPLE CLUSTERS FEATURE HEIGHT FALLS FOR OUR AREA  
AS AN OPEN WAVE PRESSES EASTWARD AND BREAKS THE RIDGE DOWN SHUNTING  
IT EASTWARD. ANOTHER CLUSTER SLOWS THE PATTERN DOWN BY DEVELOPING A  
CUTOFF LOW NEAR THE FOUR CORNERS ALLOWING RIDGING TO REMAIN  
OVERHEAD.  
 
EITHER WAY, BOTH SCENARIOS HINT AT THE RIDGE MOVING EASTWARD AND THE  
RETURN OF UPPER TROUGHING TO END THE WEEKEND OR BEGIN NEXT WEEK.  
THIS WOULD BRING COOLER TEMPERATURES AND MORE UNSETTLED WEATHER, THE  
DIFFERENCE REMAINS IN JUST HOW FAST WE GET THERE. FOR NOW THE  
FORECAST FEATURES ABOVE AVERAGE TEMPERATURES LASTING THROUGH SUNDAY  
AND THEN DROPPING TO BEGIN NEXT WEEK. PRECIPITATION CHANCES LOOK TO  
REMAIN ELEVATED INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /18Z MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/  
 
ENOUGH MIXING HAS OCCURRED THIS AFTERNOON TO ALLOW CEILINGS TO LIFT  
TO VFR LEVELS ACROSS THE AREA, WITH PEEKS OF SUNSHINE IN BETWEEN  
ONGOING LAKE-EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS. THESE CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE  
THROUGH THE REST OF THE AFTERNOON, THOUGH AN UPTICK IN THE INTENSITY  
OF SNOW SHOWERS IS EXPECTED AS ADDITIONAL HEATING AND MIXING HELP  
DEEPEN AND MOISTEN THE BOUNDARY LAYER. THE BULK OF SNOW SHOWER  
ACTIVITY IS ALSO EXPECTED TO ROTATE FROM EASTERN OH TO WESTERN PA  
AND THEN NORTHWESTERN PA THROUGH THE REST OF THE AFTERNOON AND  
EVENING AS WINDS BACK FROM NORTHWESTERLY TO WESTERLY. EXPECT SUDDEN  
REDUCTIONS IN VISIBILITIES AND CEILINGS IN ANY SNOW SHOWERS THAT  
IMPACT AREA TERMINALS; MOST LIKELY IFR BUT POTENTIALLY LIFR IN THE  
HEAVIEST CELLS. SHOWERS GENERALLY TAPER OFF SOUTH OF I-80 TONIGHT,  
BUT LINGER OVER THE RIDGES (THANKS TO UPSLOPE ENHANCEMENT) AND NORTH  
OF I-80, THE LATTER WHICH MAY CONTINUE TO SEE OCCASIONAL HEAVY RATES  
(1-2 IN/HR) THROUGH TUESDAY MORNING.  
 
WIDESPREAD MVFR CEILINGS RETURN TO AREAS OUTSIDE OF SNOW SHOWERS  
OVERNIGHT AS COLD NW FLOW CONTINUES OFF THE LAKES. WESTERLY WINDS  
BECOME BREEZY AFTER SUNRISE TUESDAY MORNING, WITH GUSTS AS HIGH AS  
25-30 KNOTS AT MOST TERMINALS.  
 
OUTLOOK...  
A GRADUAL IMPROVEMENT TO VFR IS EXPECTED DURING THE DAY  
TUESDAY ALONG WITH BREEZY WEST-SOUTHWEST WINDS. RESTRICTION  
POTENTIAL RETURNS WEDNESDAY WITH RAIN AND SNOW SHOWERS UNDER ANOTHER  
CROSSING TROUGH. VFR RETURNS THURSDAY AND FRIDAY UNDER HIGH  
PRESSURE.  
 
 
   
PBZ WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
PA...LAKE EFFECT SNOW WARNING UNTIL 1 PM EST TUESDAY FOR PAZ007-008.  
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 1 PM EST TUESDAY FOR PAZ009-074-  
076.  
OH...NONE.  
WV...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 1 PM EST TUESDAY FOR WVZ510>512.  
WINTER STORM WARNING UNTIL 1 PM EST TUESDAY FOR WVZ513-514.  
 
 
 
 
 
SYNOPSIS...MLB  
NEAR TERM...MLB  
SHORT TERM...MLB  
LONG TERM...AK  
AVIATION...CERMAK  
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