884  
FOUS11 KWBC 300721  
QPFHSD  
 
PROBABILISTIC HEAVY SNOW AND ICING DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
321 AM EDT SUN MAR 30 2025  
 
VALID 12Z SUN MAR 30 2025 - 12Z WED APR 02 2025  
 
   
..UPPER MIDWEST, NORTHERN GREAT LAKES, AND NORTHEAST
 
 
DAY 1...  
 
ONGOING PROLONGED LATE-SEASON ICE STORM CONTINUES ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF NORTHERN WI INTO THE NORTHERN MI L.P. AND CENTRAL/EASTERN U.P.,  
AS WELL AS NEW ENGLAND TODAY. A NEGATIVELY TILTED 250-500MB TROUGH  
AXIS WORKING IN TANDEM WITH THE STRONGLY DIFFLUENT RIGHT- ENTRANCE  
REGION OF A 250MB JET STREAK HAS ORGANIZED AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE  
TRACKING ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES TODAY. SUFFICIENTLY COLD  
TEMPERATURES REMAIN LOCKED IN PLACE TO THE NORTH OF THE ROBUST  
925-700MB FGEN WARM FRONT THAT IS ORIENTED W-E FROM NORTHERN WI TO  
AS FAR EAST AS NEW ENGLAND. THIS IS ALL THANKS TO A 1030MB+ HIGH  
PRESSURE SYSTEM OVER SOUTHEASTERN CANADA THAT IS SUPPORTING THE  
ONGOING ICY SETUP. AS STRONG SWRLY WINDS OVERRUN THE SUB-FREEZING  
AIR-MASS, A >0C WARM NOSE PROTRUDING INTO THE 850-700MB WILL CAUSE  
PRECIPITATION TO FALL IN THE FORM OF FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET  
THROUGHOUT THE UPPER MIDWEST, UPPER GREAT LAKES, THE NORTHERN  
APPALACHIANS, AND NEW ENGLAND INTO THE END OF DAY 1. BY MONDAY  
MORNING THE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM IS FORECAST TO PUSH INTO SOUTHEAST  
CANADA AND SURGE ABOVE FREEZING TEMPERATURES THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE  
EAST COAST, WITH PRECIPITATION ALSO GRADUALLY ENDING ACROSS THE  
GREAT LAKES. WHILE ICE WILL BE THE MORE COMMONLY OBSERVED WINTER  
WEATHER HAZARD, THERE WILL BE LIGHT TO MODERATE SNOW BENEATH THE  
DEFORMATION ZONE ON THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN FLANKS OF THE 850MB  
LOW.  
 
PERIODS OF SNOW WILL BE ONGOING ACROSS CENTRAL MN INTO NORTHERN WI  
AND THE MI U.P. THIS MORNING, AS WELL AS WRAPPING AROUND THE  
WESTERN SIDE OF THE LOW AS FAR SOUTH AS NORTHWEST IA. SOUTH OF THE  
SNOW AXIS, FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET WILL BE COMMON IN NORTHERN  
WISCONSIN, THE EASTERN MICHIGAN U.P., ACROSS THE TIP OF MICHIGAN'S  
MITTEN, AND INTO INTERIOR NEW ENGLAND. THE 0C SURFACE LINE WILL  
GRADUALLY LIFT NORTHWARD THROUGHOUT THE DAY EAST OF THE LOW  
PRESSURE, BUT WILL BE STUBBORN TO LIFT ACROSS NORTHERN MI AND  
NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND. THE DEFORMATION AXIS WILL CONTINUE ITS SWATH  
OF SNOW FROM SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA TO CENTRAL WISCONSIN SUNDAY  
AFTERNOON, BUT IT WILL BE PROGRESSIVE AND SNOW FALLING DURING THE  
DAYTIME HOURS WILL BE TOUGHER TO ACCUMULATE. SNOW WITHIN THE  
DEFORMATION AXIS MAY CONTINUE OVER NORTHERN MICHIGAN MONDAY MORNING  
BEFORE FINALLY EXITING TO THE NORTHEAST OVER ONTARIO BY MONDAY  
AFTERNOON.  
 
WPC PROBABILITIES SHOW MODERATE-TO-HIGH CHANCES (60-80%) FOR >6"  
OF SNOWFALL FOR AREAS ALONG THE SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR IN THE MI  
U.P.. IN TERMS OF FREEZING RAIN, WPC PROBABILITIES SHOW MODERATE  
CHANCES (40-60%) FOR ADDITIONAL ICE ACCUMULATIONS >0.25" IN  
NORTHERN WISCONSIN, NORTHERN MICHIGAN, AND IN THE NEW ENGLAND  
MOUNTAIN RANGES SUCH AS THE GREENS AND ESPECIALLY THE WHITES.  
THERE IS ALSO AN AREA OF LOW CHANCES FOR AN ADDITIONAL >0.5" OF  
ICE ACCUMULATION AS FAR EASTERN MI U.P.. ALL OF THESE AREAS CAN  
ANTICIPATE HAZARDOUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR  
ADDITIONAL POWER OUTAGES IN THOSE AREAS SPORTING BETTER CHANCES  
FOR >0.50" OF TOTAL ICE ACCUMULATION.  
 
   
..THE WEST
 
 
DAYS 1-3...  
 
AN ACTIVE STRETCH OF WINTRY WEATHER IS EXPECTED FROM THE WEST  
COAST TO THE FRONT RANGE OF THE ROCKIES THROUGH MONDAY DUE TO  
PERSISTENT TROUGHING. A PAIR OF SHORTWAVES TRAVERSING THE ROCKIES  
EARLY THIS MORNING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ONGOING MOUNTAIN SNOW FROM  
AS FAR NORTH AND WEST AS THE ABSAROKA AND BITTERROOTS THROUGH THE  
WYOMING RANGES AND ON SOUTH TO THE COLORADO ROCKIES. AS HIGH  
PRESSURE BUILDS IN OVER THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES TODAY, EASTERLY  
UPSLOPE FLOW AND RESIDUAL MOISTURE ALOFT WILL FOSTER ADDITIONAL  
MOUNTAINS SNOW IN THE BLACK HILLS AND BIG HORNS. SOME LOWER  
ELEVATIONS SNOWFALL IS EXPECTED DURING THE DAY ON SUNDAY AS WELL,  
BUT ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE MINOR DUE TO THE LATE SEASON SUN ANGLE  
LIMITING ACCUMULATIONS. WPC PROBABILITIES DO DEPICT MODERATE  
CHANCES (40-70%) FOR SNOWFALL TOTALS >6" IN THE HIGHEST ELEVATIONS  
OF THE ABSAROKA, WIND RIVER, AND NORTHERN COLORADO ROCKIES.  
 
BY THIS AFTERNOON, FOCUS SHIFTS TO AN EXCEPTIONAL CLOSED UPPER LOW  
IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC THAT SLOWLY MAKES ITS WAY EAST TOWARDS  
THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST BY MONDAY NIGHT. HEAVY HIGH ELEVATION  
MOUNTAIN SNOW (ABOVE 6,000FT IN THE NORTHERN CA RANGES AND ABOVE  
5,000FT IN BOTH THE CASCADE AND BLUE MOUNTAINS) WILL BE UNDERWAY,  
BUT AS THE UPPER LOW INCHES CLOSER TO THE NORTHWEST U.S., FALLING  
HEIGHTS AND COLDER TEMPERATURES ALOFT WILL CAUSE SNOW LEVELS TO  
LOWER INTO MONDAY. BY 12Z MONDAY, NAEFS SHOWS JUST ABOUT ALL  
MANDATORY HEIGHT LEVELS LISTED ARE BOTTOMING OUT BELOW THE 2.5  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE WHILE IVT VALUES >500 KG/M/S ARE AIMED AT  
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. THEN BY EARLY TUESDAY THE PARENT UPPER LOW IS  
EXPECTED TO DIVE SOUTHEAST ACROSS SOUTHWEST OR AND NORTHERN CA,  
PROVING A FINAL SURGE OF PACIFIC MOISTURE WITHIN AN AREA OF COLD  
AIR ALOFT. FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA TO THE INTERIOR NORTHWEST, THE  
REGION WILL ALSO BE LOCATED BENEATH THE DIVERGENT LEFT-EXIT REGION  
OF A 200MB JET STREAK WHOSE WIND SPEEDS (>130 KTS) ARE ABOVE THE  
99TH CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE. WITH THE IVT LOCATED FARTHER SOUTH,  
THE BEST MOISTURE ADVECTION AND UPSLOPE ENHANCEMENT WILL BE SEEN  
FROM CALIFORNIA'S SISKIYOU AND SALMON MOUNTAINS ON SOUTH AND WEST  
ALONG THE SPINE OF THE SIERRA NEVADA. ON MONDAY AFTERNOON AND INTO  
MONDAY NIGHT, THE FLOOD OF PACIFIC MOISTURE ALOFT WILL ADVANCE  
WELL INLAND THROUGH MUCH OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST. JUST ABOUT  
EVERY NOTABLE MOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ROCKIES IS  
LIKELY TO SEE MEASURABLE SNOW MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY.  
MEANWHILE, CYCLONIC FLOW AROUND THE UPPER LOW WILL STILL SUPPORT  
ONGOING UPSLOPE SNOWFALL IN THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA  
RANGES THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT.  
 
A VERY WINTRY FEW DAYS ARE COMING TO THE MOUNTAIN RANGES OF THE  
WESTERN U.S.. THROUGH 12Z WEDNESDAY, WPC PROBABILITIES SHOW THE  
NORTHERN RANGES OF CALIFORNIA (SISKIYOU, SALMON, SHASTA) AND THE  
LENGTH OF THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN SIERRA NEVADA HAVE HIGH CHANCES  
(>70%) FOR SNOWFALL TOTALS >24". MOST OF THESE RANGES ABOVE  
6,000FT ARE CURRENTLY FORECAST TO SEE LOCALIZED AMOUNTS BETWEEN 3-4  
FEET THROUGH 12Z WEDNESDAY. HEAVY SNOW ALSO REACHES INTO THE OR  
CASCADES WITH HIGH PROBABILITIES FOR AT LEAST 12". FARTHER INLAND,  
MANY INTERMOUNTAIN WEST RANGES (SAWTOOTH, BLUE, UINTA, BEAR RIVER,  
WIND RIVER, ABSAROKA, BIG HORN, AND CO/WY CENTRAL ROCKIES) ARE ALL  
LIKELY TO SEE SNOWFALL TOTALS OF 6-12" WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS  
IN THESE RANGES AS WELL. EXPECT HAZARDOUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS FOR  
MANY ROAD WAYS THAT REMAIN OPEN IN THESE MOUNTAIN RANGES.  
 
   
..NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST
 
 
DAY 3...  
 
BY TUESDAY MORNING, THE UPPER TROUGH RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BARRAGE OF  
MOUNTAIN SNOW IN THE WEST WILL POSITION THE 250MB JET STREAK'S  
DIVERGENT LEFT-EXIT REGION OVER THE GREAT PLAINS. MODEST 500MB PVA  
AND STRENGTHENING WAA AT LOW LEVELS WILL GIVE RISE TO LEE  
CYCLOGENESIS EAST OF THE ROCKIES. THROUGHOUT THE DAY TUESDAY, A  
STRENGTHENING LLJ, (NAEFS SHOWS 850MB WINDS ABOVE THE 90TH  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE 18Z TUESDAY FROM NORTH TEXAS TO THE RED  
RIVER OF THE NORTH), WILL DELIVER BOTH INCREASED MOISTURE AND  
INCREASING WAA ALOFT. THERE ALSO APPEARS TO BE SUFFICIENTLY COLD  
ENOUGH AIR PRESENT THAT PRECIPITATION WILL TRANSITION OVER FROM  
RAIN TO SNOW FROM THE BLACK HILLS ON EAST ACROSS SOUTH DAKOTA AND  
AS FAR EAST AS CENTRAL MINNESOTA TUESDAY NIGHT.  
 
THERE ARE ONGOING DIFFERENCES IN THE POSITION OF THIS DEVELOPING  
DEFORMATION AXIS. ALL THREE DETERMINISTIC GUIDANCE MEMBERS  
(EC/GFS/CANADIAN) ALONG WITH THE EC- AIFS ALL SHOW THIS STORM  
GROWING IN STRENGTH AND SIZE HEADING INTO DAY 4, BUT THEY DO THIS  
IN DIFFERENT WAYS BOTH SYNOPTICALLY AND ON THE MESOSCALE AS WELL.  
THE ECMWF EFI DOES SHOW A GROWING SIGNAL FOR A POTENTIALLY  
DISRUPTIVE WINTER STORM FROM THE DAKOTAS ON EAST ACROSS MINNESOTA  
AND INTO THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES, WHICH IS IN LINE WITH WHERE WSO  
VALUES OF 30-80% EXIST ON DAYS 3-4. BOTH SNOW AMOUNTS, ALONG WITH  
SNOW LOAD AND BLOWING SNOW ARE LIKELY TO BE HAZARDS THAT THE  
NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST CONTEND WITH THROUGH WEDNESDAY,  
WITH FREEZING RAIN MOST LIKELY ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF THE WAA  
ACROSS WI AND MI. CURRENT WPC SNOWFALL PROBABILITIES (THROUGH 12Z  
WEDNESDAY) FOR >4" ARE 40-80% ACROSS THE EASTERN DAKOTAS AND  
CENTRAL MN, WITH A MAJORITY OF THE SNOW EXPECTED INTO DAY 4.  
RESIDENTS AND THOSE TRAVELING TO/FROM THESE REGIONS SHOULD KEEP  
CLOSE EYES ON THE FORECAST AS ADDITIONAL CHANGES IN THE TYPES OF  
IMPACTS, THE SEVERITY OF THOSE IMPACTS, AND WHERE/WHEN THESE  
IMPACTS OCCUR ARE LIKELY TO FLUCTUATE FOR THE REST OF THE WEEKEND.  
 
SNELL/MULLINAX  
 

 
 
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