179  
FXUS02 KWBC 301900  
PMDEPD  
 
EXTENDED FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
300 PM EDT SUN MAR 30 2025  
 
VALID 12Z WED APR 02 2025 - 12Z SUN APR 06 2025  
 
 
...MULTI-DAY HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING AND SEVERE THREAT FOR  
LOWER/MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI, TENNESSEE, AND OHIO VALLEYS THIS WEEK...  
 
   
..OVERVIEW  
 
THE MEDIUM RANGE UPPER PATTERN WILL BE AMPLIFIED, BLOCKY, AND  
ACTIVE THROUGH THE PERIOD. A SURFACE LOW EMERGING INTO THE PLAINS  
BY WEDNESDAY WILL TRACK TOWARDS THE GREAT LAKES AS A BUILDING UPPER  
RIDGE OVER THE WESTERN ATLANTIC INTO THE GULF SHOULD KEEP THE  
ASSOCIATED FRONTAL BOUNDARY FROM MAKING MUCH PROGRESS ON THE  
SOUTHERN SIDE, ESPECIALLY LATER IN THE WEEK. THIS SETS THE STAGE  
FOR A MULTI-DAY HEAVY RAIN AND SEVERE WEATHER EVENT FROM THE LOWER  
MISSISSIPPI INTO THE OHIO VALLEY, AND SIGNIFICANT FLOODING IS  
LIKELY. LATE-SEASON SNOW IS LIKELY NORTH OF THIS SYSTEM FROM THE  
NORTHERN PLAINS TO GREAT LAKES AND INTERIOR NORTHEAST FOR MIDWEEK,  
AND THE COLORADO ROCKIES ARE LIKELY TO SEE SNOW BY LATE WEEK. THE  
WEST SHOULD STAY RELATIVELY COOL UNDERNEATH PERSISTENT TROUGHING,  
WHILE ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES PROGRESS FROM THE CENTRAL U.S. AND  
MIDWEST, EVENTUALLY SETTLING LATE WEEK ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST AND  
INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC.  
 
   
..GUIDANCE/PREDICTABILITY ASSESSMENT  
 
MODEL GUIDANCE IS RELATIVELY AGREEABLE ON THE LARGE SCALE PATTERN  
MIDWEEK INTO NEXT WEEKEND, BUT STILL UNCERTAIN WITH SOME OF THE  
DETAILS, WHICH COULD HAVE SENSIBLE WEATHER IMPACTS. A BUILDING AND  
BLOCKY RIDGE OVER THE ATLANTIC TO GULF SHOULD HELP AMPLIFY  
TROUGHING OVER THE WEST THROUGH THE PERIOD. SHORTWAVES WITHIN THAT  
TROUGH SHOW RELATIVELY MORE SPREAD, BUT THE FIRST SHORTWAVE/COMPACT  
UPPER LOW AND ITS ASSOCIATED SURFACE LOW TRACKING FROM THE CENTRAL  
U.S. TO GREAT LAKES INTO THURSDAY CONTINUES TO SHOW AGREEMENT. BY  
FRIDAY AND INTO THE WEEKEND, THERE IS SOMEWHAT MORE UNCERTAINTY IN  
THE DETAILS OF ANOTHER SHORTWAVE DIGGING THROUGH THE WESTERN SIDE  
OF THE TROUGH. ECMWF RUNS IN PARTICULAR HAVE BEEN ON THE WESTERN  
SIDE WITH THIS ENERGY COMPARED TO THE LARGER CONSENSUS OF OTHER  
MODELS AND EVEN EC-BASED AI/ML MODELS. THE NEW 12Z ECMWF SEEMS TO  
BE COMING INTO BETTER ALIGNMENT WITH THE MAJORITY IN THE ENERGY AND  
TROUGH PLACEMENT. REGARDLESS THERE IS STILL SOME SPREAD IN WHAT  
BECOMES OF THIS ENERGY NEXT WEEKEND, PERHAPS PRODUCING A CLOSED  
UPPER LOW WITHIN THE TROUGH BECOMING POSITIVELY TILTED WHILE MODELS  
ARE CONVERGING ON SHOWING AN UPPER RIDGE AXIS OVER THE NORTHWEST.  
 
AT THE SURFACE, A STATIONARY FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL SET UP BETWEEN  
THE SOUTHEAST RIDGE AND WESTERN TROUGH THAT PERSISTS FOR SEVERAL  
DAYS. THERE REMAIN SUBTLE DIFFERENCES STILL IN THE EXACT PLACEMENT  
OF THIS FRONT, WHICH HAS NOTABLE IMPLICATIONS ON THE EXACT  
LOCATIONS OF HEAVY RAINFALL EXPECTED TO ACCOMPANY THE FRONT. EXPECT  
THESE TO VARY A BIT IN FUTURE FORECASTS, THOUGH THE GENERAL IDEA  
OF HEAVY RAIN LEADING TO POSSIBLY SIGNIFICANT FLOODING IN PARTS OF  
THE EAST-CENTRAL U.S. IS PRETTY LOCKED IN. A NORTHERN STREAM TROUGH  
MAY HELP TO SLOWLY NUDGE THE STAGNANT EAST-CENTRAL U.S. BOUNDARY  
EASTWARD A BIT NEXT WEEKEND, THOUGH SOME TYPICAL SPREAD REMAINS  
WITH THE TIMING AND DEPTH OF THAT TROUGH.  
 
THE WPC FORECAST WAS ABLE TO UTILIZE A DETERMINISTIC MODEL BLEND  
THROUGH DAY 4. BY DAY 5, BEGAN INCORPORATING SOME ENSEMBLE MEAN  
GUIDANCE TO HELP TEMPER THE DETAIL DIFFERENCES, WHILE REDUCING THE  
PROPORTION OF OPERATIONAL MODELS (ESPECIALLY THE 00Z ECMWF) IN  
FAVOR OF OVER HALF MEANS FOR DAYS 6-7. THIS APPROACH MAINTAINED  
RELATIVELY GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THE PREVIOUS WPC FORECAST.  
 
   
..WEATHER/HAZARDS HIGHLIGHTS  
 
OVERALL PATTERN AMPLIFICATION AND A LEADING COMPACT CLOSED LOW  
WILL SUPPORT A SURFACE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM FORMING IN THE CENTRAL  
U.S. BY WEDNESDAY WITH WIDESPREAD THUNDERSTORMS AND HEAVY RAINFALL  
ACROSS THE EAST-CENTRAL U.S. IN ITS WARM SECTOR. MOIST AND UNSTABLE  
INFLOW INTO THE ASSOCIATED SURFACE FRONTS ALONG WITH THE STRONG  
UPPER LEVEL SUPPORT WILL LEAD TO WIDESPREAD SEVERE WEATHER AND  
FLASH FLOODING CONCERNS. SPC SHOWS SEVERE PROBABILITIES FROM THE  
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S. INTO THE MIDWEST ON WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY. THE  
GREATEST CONCERN FOR FLASH FLOODING ON WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WILL  
STRETCH ACROSS SIMILAR AREAS FROM THE ARK-LA-TEX NORTHEAST INTO THE  
OHIO VALLEY, AS THE FRONT ANCHORS STORMS FOR SIGNIFICANT TRAINING  
CONCERNS. ON WEDNESDAY, PRECIPITABLE WATER ANOMALIES ABOVE THE 95TH  
PERCENTILE WITH AMPLE INSTABILITY WILL BE IN PLACE. MODELS ARE  
INDICATING EMBEDDED RAINFALL TOTALS OF 5 TO 8 INCHES DURING THE 12Z  
WEDNESDAY TO 12Z THURSDAY PERIOD ALONE, WITH THE GFS ALREADY  
EXPLICITLY FORECASTING HOURLY RAIN RATES TO 2", AND CERTAINLY  
EXPECT THE CAMS TO SHOW HIGHER RATES THAN THAT ONCE WE GET INTO  
THEIR TIMEFRAME. THUS PLAN TO UPGRADE THE DAY 4/WEDNESDAY ERO TO A  
MODERATE RISK FROM NORTHEAST ARKANSAS ACROSS THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY  
TO FAR SOUTHERN INDIANA. MUCH THE SAME ENVIRONMENTAL PATTERN SETS  
UP ON DAY 5/THURSDAY, WITH THE ADDED CONCERN OF VERY WET ANTECEDENT  
CONDITIONS BY THEN. THE PREVIOUSLY ISSUED MODERATE RISK FOR DAY  
5/THURSDAY WAS MAINTAINED, WITH A SOUTHWESTWARD EXPANSION PER  
COORDINATION WITH THE LITTLE ROCK LOCAL FORECAST OFFICE AND  
CONSIDERING THE HIGHER INSTABILITY THERE. HEAVY RAINFALL IS LIKELY  
TO CONTINUE INTO LATE WEEK, WITH PERHAPS A BIT OF A WESTWARD SHIFT  
INTO THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AT TIMES AS THE WEST TROUGH PIVOTS.  
THROUGH MIDWEEK INTO THE WEEKEND, SIGNIFICANT FLOOD IMPACTS ARE  
LIKELY WITH THE MULTIPLE ROUNDS OF HEAVY RAIN. HIGH RISKS ARE NOT  
OUT OF THE QUESTION IN FUTURE EROS AS THE EVENT DRAWS NEARER AND IT  
BECOMES CLEARER HOW THE DETAILS COULD EVOLVE, ESPECIALLY INTO THE  
TIMEFRAME OF THE CAMS.  
 
THROUGH WEDNESDAY, SOME APRIL SNOW IS LIKELY ON THE BACKSIDE OF  
THE INITIAL LOW TRACK, STRETCHING ACROSS THE DAKOTAS TO UPPER  
MIDWEST AND INTERIOR NORTHEAST. SNOW AMOUNTS HAVE TYPICAL  
UNCERTAINTY, AND AN AXIS OF FREEZING RAIN AND/OR SLEET IS POSSIBLE  
AS WELL. MEANWHILE AS TROUGHING SETS UP OVER THE WEST WITH MULTIPLE  
SHORTWAVES MOVING THROUGH, ROUNDS OF PRECIPITATION ARE POSSIBLE  
FROM THE WEST COAST INTO THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST AND ROCKIES.  
GENERALLY LOWER ELEVATION RAIN AND HIGHER ELEVATION SNOW ARE  
EXPECTED, WITH MAINLY LIGHT TO MODEST AMOUNTS. ADDITIONALLY, HIGH  
WINDS ARE POSSIBLE FOR THE CENTRAL ROCKIES ON WEDNESDAY. INTO LATE  
WEEK, A POSSIBLE UPPER LOW IN THE FOUR CORNERS REGION COULD LEAD TO  
ENHANCED PRECIPITATION TOTALS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL  
ROCKIES AND PLAINS. SNOW IS LIKELY IN HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF THE  
ROCKIES IN COLORADO AND NORTHERN NEW MEXICO, WITH UNCERTAINTY AT  
THIS POINT IN IF/HOW MUCH SNOW COULD SPILL INTO LOWER ELEVATIONS OF  
THE HIGH PLAINS.  
 
ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES WILL BE LOCATED ACROSS THE SOUTH-CENTRAL  
U.S. TO MIDWEST ON WEDNESDAY, AND SETTLE ACROSS MUCH OF THE  
SOUTHERN AND EASTERN U.S. THURSDAY AND BEYOND. DAYTIME HIGHS 10 TO  
20 DEGREES ABOVE NORMAL ARE POSSIBLE. MEANWHILE, THE WEST SHOULD  
TREND AND STAY COOLER UNDERNEATH UPPER TROUGHING THROUGH FRIDAY. BY  
NEXT WEEKEND, TEMPERATURES MAY MODERATE SOMEWHAT ALONG THE WEST  
COAST WHILE EASTERN PACIFIC UPPER RIDGING MOVES IN. THIS SHIFTS  
COOLER TEMPERATURES SLIGHTLY EAST, AND DAYTIME HIGHS ACROSS PARTS  
OF THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES COULD BE 10 TO 20 DEGREES BELOW NORMAL NEXT  
WEEKEND.  
 
TATE/SANTORELLI  
 
ADDITIONAL 3-7 DAY HAZARD INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND ON THE WPC  
MEDIUM RANGE HAZARDS OUTLOOK CHART AT:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/THREATS/THREATS.PHP  
 
WPC MEDIUM RANGE 500MB HEIGHTS, SURFACE SYSTEMS, WEATHER GRIDS,  
QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECAST (QPF), EXCESSIVE RAINFALL  
OUTLOOK (ERO), WINTER WEATHER OUTLOOK (WWO) PROBABILITIES, HEAT  
INDICES, AND KEY MESSAGES CAN BE ACCESSED FROM:  
 
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/MEDR/5DAYFCST500_WBG.GIF  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/MEDR/5DAYFCST_WBG_CONUS.GIF  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/5KM_GRIDS/5KM_GRIDSBODY.HTML  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/DAY4-7.SHTML  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/#PAGE=ERO  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/WWD/PWPF_D47/PWPF_MEDR.PHP?DAY=4  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/HEAT_INDEX.SHTML  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/#PAGE=OVW  
 
 
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