606  
FOUS11 KWBC 302218  
QPFHSD  
 
PROBABILISTIC HEAVY SNOW AND ICING DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
618 PM EDT SUN MAR 30 2025  
 
VALID 00Z MON MAR 31 2025 - 00Z THU APR 03 2025  
 
   
..NORTHERN GREAT LAKES & NORTHEAST  
 
DAY 1...  
 
THE WINTER STORM IS IN ITS FINAL HOURS OF PRODUCING HAZARDOUS  
IMPACTS ACROSS THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES AND NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND.  
ON THE BACKSIDE OF THE STORM, PERIODS OF SNOW ARE ONGOING FROM  
NORTHERN IOWA AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA TO NORTHWEST WISCONSIN AND  
THE WESTERN MICHIGAN U.P.. FREEZING RAIN IS ONGOING IN PARTS OF  
NORTH-CENTRAL WISCONSIN, THE EASTERN MICHIGAN U.P., AND FROM THE  
WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE ON NORTH INTO MAINE. AS THE STORM  
HEADS NORTHEAST TOWARDS LAKE HURON TONIGHT, FREEZING RAIN/SLEET IN  
THE EASTERN MICHIGAN U.P. AND NORTH-CENTRAL WISCONSIN WILL  
CHANGEOVER TO SNOW AS THE DEFORMATION ZONE MOVES IN OVERHEAD. THE  
CAD SIGNATURE OVER NEW ENGLAND WILL LINGER OVER THE WHITE MOUNTAINS  
AND MUCH OF MAINE (SANS THE COASTAL AREAS) TO KEEP AN ICY WINTRY  
MIX INTO THE EARLY MORNING HOURS ON MONDAY. BY 12Z MONDAY, SNOW  
WILL FINALLY BE COMING TO AN END ACROSS THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES  
WHILE IT MAY TAKE UNTIL MIDDAY FOR FAR NORTHERN MAINE TO FINALLY  
SEE THE WINTRY MIX TRANSITION TO A PLAIN/COLD RAIN.  
 
WPC PROBABILITIES SHOW MODERATE-TO-HIGH CHANCES (40-70%) FOR AN  
ADDITIONAL >4" OF SNOWFALL FOR AREAS ALONG THE SHORE OF LAKE  
SUPERIOR IN THE MI U.P, THE HURON MOUNTAINS OF THE MICHIGAN U.P.,  
AND INTO FAR NORTHERN WISCONSIN. IN TERMS OF ADDITIONAL FREEZING  
RAIN, WPC PROBABILITIES SHOW LOW-TO-MODERATE CHANCES (20-50%) FOR  
ADDITIONAL ICE ACCUMULATIONS >0.25" IN THE EASTERN MICHIGAN U.P.,  
THE WHITE MOUNTAINS, AND FAR WESTERN MAINE BORDERING QUEBEC. HAZARDOUS  
TRAVEL CONDITIONS WILL LINGER THROUGH MONDAY MORNING WITH THE  
POTENTIAL FOR ADDITIONAL POWER OUTAGES IN THE AREAS THAT COULD SEE  
AN ADDITIONAL 0.25" OF ICE.  
 
   
..THE WEST  
 
DAYS 1-3...  
 
AN ACTIVE STRETCH OF WINTRY WEATHER HAS BEGUN FROM THE WEST COAST  
TO THE FRONT RANGE OF THE ROCKIES THROUGH TUESDAY DUE TO THE  
PROLONGED INFLUENCE OF A DEEP LONGWAVE TROUGH OVER THE WESTERN  
U.S..  
 
THIS AFTERNOON, FOCUS SHIFTS TO AN EXCEPTIONAL CLOSED UPPER LOW IN  
THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC THAT SLOWLY MAKES ITS WAY EAST TOWARDS THE  
PACIFIC NORTHWEST BY MONDAY NIGHT. HEAVY HIGH ELEVATION MOUNTAIN  
SNOW (ABOVE 6,000FT IN THE NORTHERN CA RANGES AND ABOVE 5,000FT IN  
BOTH THE CASCADE AND BLUE MOUNTAINS) WILL BE UNDERWAY, BUT AS THE  
UPPER LOW INCHES CLOSER TO THE NORTHWEST U.S., FALLING HEIGHTS AND  
COLDER TEMPERATURES ALOFT WILL FORCE SNOW LEVELS TO LOWER INTO  
MONDAY. BY 12Z MONDAY, NAEFS SHOWS JUST ABOUT ALL MANDATORY HEIGHT  
LEVELS LISTED ARE BOTTOMING OUT BELOW THE 2.5 CLIMATOLOGICAL  
PERCENTILE WHILE IVT VALUES >500 KG/M/S ARE AIMED AT SOUTHERN  
CALIFORNIA. THE NORTHERN EXTENT OF THE IVT WILL SPORT VALUES >90TH  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE THROUGH THE SIERRA NEVADA AND INTO THE  
GREAT BASIN BY MONDAY AFTERNOON. FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA TO THE  
NORTHERN ROCKIES, THE DIVERGENT LEFT-EXIT REGION OF A 200MB JET  
STREAK WHOSE WIND SPEEDS (>130 KTS) ARE ABOVE THE 99TH  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE WILL BE PLACED DIRECTLY OVERHEAD.  
 
THE BEST MOISTURE ADVECTION AND UPSLOPE ENHANCEMENT WILL BE SEEN  
FROM CALIFORNIA'S SISKIYOU AND SALMON MOUNTAINS ON SOUTH AND WEST  
ALONG THE SPINE OF THE SIERRA NEVADA. ON MONDAY AFTERNOON AND INTO  
MONDAY NIGHT, THE FLOOD OF PACIFIC MOISTURE ALOFT WILL ADVANCE WELL  
INLAND THROUGH MUCH OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST. JUST ABOUT EVERY  
NOTABLE MOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ROCKIES IS  
LIKELY TO SEE MEASURABLE SNOW MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY. MEANWHILE,  
CYCLONIC FLOW AROUND THE UPPER LOW WILL STILL SUPPORT ONGOING  
UPSLOPE SNOWFALL IN THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA RANGES  
THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT. THEN BY EARLY TUESDAY THE PARENT UPPER LOW  
IS EXPECTED TO DIVE SOUTHEAST ACROSS SOUTHWEST OR AND NORTHERN  
CALIFORNIA, PROVING A FINAL SURGE OF PACIFIC MOISTURE WITHIN AN  
AREA OF COLD AIR ALOFT. THE BULK OF THE PACIFIC MOISTURE ADVECTION  
WILL BE FINISHED TUESDAY NIGHT AND INTO WEDNESDAY, BUT THE CORE OF  
THE LONGWAVE TROUGH WILL BE OVER THE ROCKIES WITH NAEFS SHOWING  
500MB TEMPS THAT ARE BELOW THE 10TH CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE FROM  
THE SIERRA NEVADA TO THE FRONT RANGE OF THE COLORADO ROCKIES. WITH  
THE HELP OF DAYTIME HEATING, EXPECT NUMEROUS SNOW SHOWERS TO  
ENVELOPE MOST OF THE WESTERN U.S. MOUNTAIN RANGES GIVEN THE STEEP  
LAPSE RATES.  
 
THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY, WPC PROBABILITIES SHOW THE NORTHERN RANGES  
OF CALIFORNIA (SISKIYOU, SALMON, SHASTA) AND THE LENGTH OF THE  
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN SIERRA NEVADA HAVE HIGH CHANCES (>70%) FOR  
SNOWFALL TOTALS >24". MOST OF THESE RANGES ABOVE 6,000FT ARE  
CURRENTLY FORECAST TO SEE LOCALIZED AMOUNTS BETWEEN 3-5 FEET  
THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY. HEAVY SNOW ALSO REACHES INTO THE OREGON  
CASCADES WITH HIGH PROBABILITIES FOR AT LEAST 12". FARTHER INLAND,  
MANY INTERMOUNTAIN WEST RANGES (SAWTOOTH, BLUE, UINTA, BEAR RIVER,  
WIND RIVER, ABSAROKA, BIG HORN, AND CO/WY CENTRAL ROCKIES) ARE ALL  
LIKELY TO SEE SNOWFALL TOTALS OF 6-12" WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS  
IN THESE RANGES AS WELL. EXPECT HAZARDOUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS FOR  
MANY ROAD WAYS THAT REMAIN OPEN IN THESE MOUNTAIN RANGES.  
 
   
..NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST  
 
DAY 3...  
 
BY TUESDAY MORNING, THE UPPER TROUGH RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BARRAGE OF  
MOUNTAIN SNOW IN THE WEST WILL POSITION THE 250MB JET STREAK'S  
DIVERGENT LEFT-EXIT REGION OVER THE GREAT PLAINS. MODEST 500MB PVA  
AND STRENGTHENING WAA AT LOW LEVELS WILL GIVE RISE TO LEE  
CYCLOGENESIS EAST OF THE ROCKIES. THROUGHOUT THE DAY TUESDAY A  
STRENGTHENING LLJ, (NAEFS SHOWS 850MB WINDS REACHING THE 97.5  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE 18Z TUESDAY FROM NORTH TEXAS TO EASTERN  
KANSAS), WILL DELIVER BOTH INCREASED MOISTURE AND INCREASING WAA  
ALOFT. THE UPPER TROUGH TO THE WEST WILL ALSO DIRECT AN IVT OF  
300-500 KG/M/S INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST, WHICH IS TOPPING THE 90TH  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE TUESDAY AFTERNOON. THERE APPEARS TO BE  
SUFFICIENTLY COLD ENOUGH AIR PRESENT THAT PRECIPITATION WILL  
TRANSITION OVER FROM RAIN TO SNOW FROM THE BLACK HILLS ON EAST  
ACROSS SOUTH DAKOTA AND AS FAR EAST AS CENTRAL MINNESOTA TUESDAY  
AFTERNOON THAT IS LARGELY DUE TO STRONG 300K ISENTROPIC ASCENT AND  
850-700MB WAA RESULTING IN FGEN AT THOSE MANDATORY HEIGHT LEVELS.  
 
THERE ARE ONGOING DIFFERENCES IN THE POSITION AND STRENGTH OF THIS  
WINTER STORM. THE GFS/CMC CAMPS SPORTS A DEEPER AND MORE NORTHERLY  
TRACK STORM SYSTEM. THE ECMWF AND ITS AI COUNTERPART (EC-AIFS) ARE  
FARTHER SOUTH AND TAKE A LITTLE LONGER TO RAMP UP THE STORM SYSTEM.  
THE GEFS IS ON THE SLOWER SIDE OF THE UPPER TROUGH'S PROGRESSION,  
ALLOWING IT TO BE DEEPER AND PHASE MORE EFFECTIVELY WITH NEARBY  
SHORTWAVE TROUGHS. THE GEPS IS MORE IN BETWEEN THE ECENS, WITH THE  
LATTER BEING A LITTLE FLATTER AND TAKING LONGER FOR THE TROUGH TO  
DEEPEN, THUS FORCING THE STORM'S MORE SOUTHERLY TRACK INITIALLY.  
 
THE ECMWF EFI CONTINUES TO DEPICT AN INCREASING SIGNAL FOR A  
POTENTIALLY DISRUPTIVE WINTER STORM FROM THE DAKOTAS ON EAST ACROSS  
NORTHERN MINNESOTA. THIS ALSO ALIGNS FAIRLY WELL WHERE WSO VALUES  
>50% EXIST ON DAYS 3-4. BOTH SNOW AMOUNTS, ALONG WITH SNOW LOAD  
AND BLOWING SNOW, ARE LIKELY TO BE HAZARDS THAT THE NORTHERN PLAINS  
AND UPPER MIDWEST CONTEND WITH THROUGH WEDNESDAY, WITH FREEZING  
RAIN MOST LIKELY ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF THE WAA ACROSS NORTHERN  
WISCONSIN AND NORTHERN MICHIGAN. CURRENT WPC SNOWFALL PROBABILITIES  
(THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY) FOR >6" ARE MODERATE- TO-HIGH CHANCE  
(50-80%) ACROSS THE EASTERN DAKOTAS AND NORTHERN MINNESOTA. THERE  
ARE ALSO LOW-TO-MODERATE CHANCE PROBABILITIES (20-40%) FOR SNOWFALL  
TOTALS >12" ALONG THE MINNESOTA ARROWHEAD. RESIDENTS AND THOSE  
TRAVELING TO/FROM THESE REGIONS SHOULD KEEP CLOSE EYES ON THE  
FORECAST AS ADDITIONAL CHANGES IN THE TYPES OF IMPACTS, THE  
SEVERITY OF THOSE IMPACTS, AND WHERE/WHEN THESE IMPACTS OCCUR ARE  
LIKELY TO FLUCTUATE FOR ANOTHER DAY OR SO.  
 
*KEY MESSAGES HAVE BEEN ISSUED FOR THIS WINTER STORM, AND THE LINK  
TO VIEW THEM IS POSTED BELOW.  
 
MULLINAX  
 
...WINTER STORM KEY MESSAGES ARE IN EFFECT. PLEASE SEE CURRENT  
KEY MESSAGES BELOW...  
 
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/KEY_MESSAGES/LATESTKEYMESSAGE_1.PNG  
 
 
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