953  
FOUS30 KWBC 270052  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
852 PM EDT SAT APR 26 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 01Z SUN APR 27 2025 - 12Z SUN APR 27 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR A SMALL  
PORTION OF WEST TEXAS...  
   
..01Z UPDATE  
 
INTRODUCED A MARGINAL RISK AREA OVER PORTIONS OF WEST TEXAS WHERE  
ISOLATED SUPERCELLS FORMED EARLIER IN THE AFTERNOON AND WERE  
PROGRESSING EASTWARD INTO PARTS OF WEST TEXAS. GIVEN THE  
PROGRESSIVE NATURE OF CONVECTION AND THE FACT THE CONVECTION WILL  
BE ENCOUNTERING MORE STABLE AIRMASS LATER...THERE ARE SOME FACTORS  
WORKING AGAINST EXCESSIVE RAINFALL. UNTIL THEN...LOW LEVEL FLOW  
WILL DRAW INSTABILITY/LOW LEVEL MOISTURE INTO THE INFLOW REGION OF  
THE STORM WITH RAINFALL RATES OF 1.5 TO 1.8 INCHES PER HOUR BEING  
POSSIBLE. RAINFALL RATES THAT HIGH...EVEN OVER A FAIRLY SHORT  
DURATION...HAS THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE ISOLATED INSTANCES OF  
FLASH FLOODING ESPECIALLY IN AREAS OF POOR DRAINAGE OR IN AN URBAN  
AREA.  
 
BANN  
   
..16Z UPDATE  
 
THE SLIGHT RISK AREA WAS ADJUSTED DOWNSTREAM OF THE ONGOING  
CONVECTION OCCURRING ACROSS FAR NORTH TEXAS AND CENTRAL AND  
SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA. A WELL ESTABLISHED MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE VORTEX  
IS APPROACHING THE OKLAHOMA CITY AREA AS OF THE TIME OF THIS  
WRITING, WITH TRAINING THUNDERSTORMS ACTIVELY CAUSING FLASH  
FLOODING SOUTH OF THE CITY. FOR THAT REASON, A HIGHER-END SLIGHT  
IS IN EFFECT ROUGHLY FROM THE OKLAHOMA CITY SOUTH TO THE TEXAS  
STATE LINE ALONG THE I-35 CORRIDOR, EXTENDING WEST TO ABOUT  
WICHITA FALLS, TX.  
 
GUIDANCE IS IN UNDERSTANDABLY REASONABLE AGREEMENT THAT THIS MCS  
WILL PERSIST OVER THE NEXT FEW HOURS, AS THE EMBEDDED MCV TRACKS  
ALONG I-44. FOR NOW, THE SLOW MOVEMENT AND LACK OF INSTABILITY  
SUGGESTS METRO TULSA ONLY HAS AN ISOLATED (AND THEREFORE, MARGINAL)  
FLASH FLOODING THREAT.  
 
THE SLIGHT AND SURROUNDING MARGINAL WERE TRIMMED ON THE  
NORTHWESTERN SIDE BEHIND THE MCS, AS NONE OF THE GUIDANCE SUGGESTS  
THAT THERE WILL BE AFTERNOON CONVECTION IN THIS AREA WITH ALL THE  
INSTABILITY HAVING BEEN USED UP. THE MARGINAL IS LARGELY UNCHANGED  
OWING TO POOR AGREEMENT IN THE CAMS AS TO HOW NEW CONVECTION WILL  
EMERGE THIS AFTERNOON ACROSS PORTIONS OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN  
TEXAS. THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MCS AS A WHOLE WILL PLAY A BIG ROLE IN  
HOW ANY NEW CONVECTION DEVELOPS THIS AFTERNOON.  
 
WEGMAN  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION  
 
   
..SUMMARY  
 
BASED ON THE LATEST OBSERVATIONAL AND GUIDANCE TRENDS, HAVE  
EXPANDED THE SLIGHT RISK FROM YESTERDAY'S DAY 2 ERO A LITTLE  
FARTHER WEST-SOUTHWEST TO INCLUDE A BIT MORE OF THE ROLLING PLAINS  
IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. OTHERWISE, MORE MINOR ADJUSTMENTS WERE MADE TO  
THE SURROUNDING MARGINAL RISK AREA.  
   
..SOUTHERN PLAINS  
 
MCS AND RESULTANT MCV CURRENTLY TRAVERSING THE TEXAS PANHANDLE  
EARLY THIS MORNING WILL GRADUALLY TRACK ENE ALONG THE QUASI-  
STATIONARY SURFACE FRONTAL BOUNDARY ACROSS MUCH OF THE TX-OK RED  
RIVER VALLEY TODAY. BY LATE MORNING, THE WEAKENING LLJ WILL ALLOW  
THE MCS TO DIMINISH, WHILE LATER IN THE DAY (AFTERNOON) A NARROW BROKEN  
LINE OF CONVECTION DEVELOPS FARTHER UPSTREAM ALONG THE DRYLINE  
ACROSS NORTHWEST TX DURING PEAK HEATING. THIS SECOND AREA OF  
CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE ON A MORE ESE TREK DURING THE  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING, THUS THE SOUTHWEST 'BULGE' TO BOTH THE  
SLIGHT AND MARGINAL RISK AREAS ACROSS THE ROLLING PLAINS AND (FOR  
THE MARGINAL RISK) INTO NORTHERN PORTIONS OF THE HILL COUNTRY.  
OVERNIGHT, THE SURFACE STATIONARY FRONT WILL EVENTUALLY LIFT  
NORTHEAST AS A WARM FRONT SATURDAY NIGHT, TAKING THE MORE  
ORGANIZED/WIDESPREAD CONVECTION WITH IT.  
 
AS WITH YESTERDAY'S DAY 2 ERO, THE DAY 1 SLIGHT RISK AREA WAS  
ADJUSTED TO CAPTURE AREAS WHERE 1-2+ IN/HR RAINFALL RATE PROBABILITIES  
FROM THE HREF/RRFS ENSEMBLES ARE HIGHEST, WHILE ALSO OVERLAPPING  
AREAS WHERE HEAVY RAINFALL HAS FALLEN OVER THE PAST COUPLE OF DAYS  
(WETTER ANTECEDENT INTERVIEWS).  
 
HURLEY  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z SUN APR 27 2025 - 12Z MON APR 28 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF  
SOUTHERN AND SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA...  
   
..1930Z UPDATE  
 
IN COORDINATION WITH BYZ/BILLINGS, MT FORECAST OFFICE, A SLIGHT  
RISK UPGRADE WAS INTRODUCED WITH THIS UPDATE. INCREASING FORECAST  
RAINFALL (AREAL AVERAGES OF 2-3 INCHES SOUTHWEST OF BILLINGS) WILL  
COMBINE WITH HIGH SNOW LEVELS AND BURN SCARS TO LOCALLY ENHANCE THE  
FLASH FLOODING POTENTIAL IN THIS AREA OF MONTANA. THE COMBINATION  
OF SURFACE TROUGHING AHEAD OF A NORTHWARD MOVING LEESIDE LOW OUT OF  
COLORADO, AN ADVANCING UPPER LEVEL LOW AND TROUGH OUT OF THE  
ROCKIES, AND THE NORTHERN TONGUE OF AN LLJ THAT ORIGINATES STRAIGHT  
OUT OF THE GULF WILL ALL COMBINE THEIR RESPECTIVE FORCINGS TO  
SUPPORT THE AREA OF HEAVY RAIN ACROSS SOUTHERN MONTANA SUNDAY AND  
SUNDAY NIGHT. HIGH SNOW LEVELS WILL SUPPORT RAIN FALLING ON SNOW,  
LOCALLY INCREASING SNOWMELT. BURN SCARS FROM VARIOUS LARGE FIRES  
LAST YEAR WILL ALSO LOCALLY INCREASE THE FLASH FLOODING POTENTIAL  
DUE TO LOCALLY ENHANCED RUNOFF. FFGS IN PORTIONS OF THE SLIGHT  
RISK AREA ARE UNDER AN INCH PER HOUR, WHICH ARE RATES THAT ARE  
PROBABLE TO BE EXCEEDED GIVEN THE CONVERGENCE OF ALL THE  
AFOREMENTIONED INGREDIENTS FAVORING HEAVY RAINFALL. WIDELY  
SCATTERED INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING ARE LIKELY.  
 
WEGMAN  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION  
 
MID-UPPER TROUGH ACROSS THE SOUTHERN GREAT BASIN EARLY SUNDAY WILL  
LIFT ACROSS THE CENTRAL ROCKIES BY 12Z MONDAY. THIS IN-TURN WILL  
NUDGE THE UPPER RIDGE AXIS EAST OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MS  
VALLEY LATE SUNDAY-SUNDAY NIGHT, WITH A QUICK ONSET OF UPPER LEVEL  
DIVERGENCE IN ITS WAKE. ALONG WITH THE MORE FAVORABLE DYNAMICAL  
FORCING (UPPER DIVERGENCE AND DEEP-LAYER ASCENT), DEEPENING  
SOUTHERLY FLOW WILL TAP THE WESTERN GULF AND LEAD TO AN UPTICK IN  
LOW-MID LAYER MOISTURE TRANSPORT, WITH TPW VALUES CLIMBING TO 1.3+  
INCHES. DEEP-LAYER INSTABILITY MEANWHILE WILL ALSO BE RAMPING UP,  
TO THE TUNE OF 1000-2000+ J/KG MUCAPE PER THE 00Z MODELS. TO SOME  
DEGREE, THE LATEST MODELS INDICATE MCS DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE  
WESTERN PERIPHERY OF THE UPPER RIDGE, TRACKING EAST TO EVENTUALLY  
SOUTHEAST ALONG THE 850-300 MB THICKNESS. FOR THE MOST PART, THE  
FORWARD-PROPAGATING CORFIDI VECTORS WOULD SUPPORT A RATHER  
PROGRESSIVE AREA OF ANY ORGANIZED CONVECTION THAT CAN GROW  
UPSCALE, THOUGH MUCH WILL DEPEND ON THE STRENGTH OF THE LLJ. FOR  
NOW, HAVE MAINTAINED A FAIRLY BROAD MARGINAL RISK AREA GIVEN THE  
POTENTIAL OF INTENSE SHORT-TERM (SUB-3HR) RAINFALL RATES.  
 
HURLEY  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z MON APR 28 2025 - 12Z TUE APR 29 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...  
   
..1930Z UPDATE  
 
NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES WERE NEEDED FOR THE MARGINAL RISK AREA  
ACROSS THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST. DEEP SOILS ACROSS THE  
DAKOTAS AND PREVALENCE OF LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA SHOULD  
LARGELY PRECLUDE OTHER THAN ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING. THE COLD  
CONVEYOR BELT OF AN INTENSIFYING LOW WILL RUN INTO A STRONG COLD  
FRONT WITH DEEP COLD AIR BEHIND IT, RESULTING IN AMPLE BAROCLINIC  
FORCING FOR STEADY LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN ACROSS THE DAKOTAS AND  
MINNESOTA. MEANWHILE INTO WISCONSIN THE PRE-COLD FRONTAL CONVECTION  
WILL BE THE DRIVER FOR ANY ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING.  
 
THERE IS SOME POTENTIAL THAT BEFORE SNOW LEVELS CRASH IN  
SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA THAT LINGERING RAINFALL FROM SUNDAY NIGHT MAY  
CONTINUE INTO MONDAY. THIS MAY RESULTING IN A LOCALLY ENHANCED  
FLASH FLOODING RISK INTO FAR NORTHERN WYOMING WITH THE BURN SCARS  
ON THE NORTHWEST FACING SLOPES OF THE BIGHORN MOUNTAINS. THE  
PREDOMINANT NORTHEASTERLY FLOW ORTHOGONAL TO THE RANGE MAY LOCALLY  
ENHANCE UPSLOPE AND HEAVY RAINFALL RATES IN THE AREA.  
 
WEGMAN  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION  
 
MID-LEVEL CIRCULATION WILL OPEN INTO A SHORTWAVE TROUGH ACROSS THE  
NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST ON MONDAY-MONDAY NIGHT. AMPLE  
PRE-FRONTAL LOW-MID LAYER MOISTURE TRANSPORT AND PW VALUES CLIMBING  
TO 1.5-1.75" WILL MAKE FOR A FAVORABLE THERMODYNAMIC PROFILE,  
ALONG WITH DEEP-LAYER INSTABILITY AS MUCAPES PEAK BETWEEN  
2,000-3,000 J/KG (EVEN ~1,000 J/KG WRAPPING WESTWARD INTO THE  
TROWAL ZONE). THE BIGGEST CONCERN DURING THIS PERIOD WILL BE WITH  
CELL TRAINING, ESPECIALLY LATE MONDAY-MONDAY NIGHT ACROSS THE UPPER  
MIDWEST WITH THE STRENGTHENING LLJ AND WEAKENING DOWNWIND CORFIDI  
VECTORS. FOR NOW, GUIDANCE SPREAD WITH THE HEAVIER QPF IS STILL  
RATHER HIGH (NOT WELL CONSOLIDATED TO SUPPORT A SLIGHT RISK AT  
THIS POINT). HOWEVER, PER THE GFS/ECMWF AND ESPECIALLY THE GEM-  
REGIONAL, LOCALIZED TOTALS OF 3-5+ INCHES WITHIN 12 HOURS WOULD  
APPEAR LIKELY IN THIS SETUP.  
 
HURLEY  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
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