674  
FOUS30 KWBC 271947  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
347 PM EDT SUN APR 27 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 16Z SUN APR 27 2025 - 12Z MON APR 28 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF  
SOUTH-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA...  
   
..16Z UPDATE
 
 
VERY FEW CHANGES WERE NEEDED TO THE OUTLOOK AREAS WITH THIS UPDATE.  
GUIDANCE REMAINS LARGELY ON TRACK, WITH THE SLIGHT RISK ACROSS  
SOUTH-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA REMAINING IN PLACE.  
MODERATE RAINFALL RATES UP TO AN INCH PER HOUR (HEAVY IN UPSLOPE  
AREAS) WILL COMBINE WITH SNOWMELT AND BURN SCARS TO LOCALLY  
INCREASE THE COVERAGE OF INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING TO WIDELY  
SCATTERED. MOST OF THE EVENT WILL OCCUR TONIGHT, CONTINUING IN SOME  
AREAS INTO MONDAY MORNING.  
 
SOUTHEASTERN PORTIONS OF THE MARGINAL WERE TRIMMED OVER MINNESOTA,  
IOWA, AND SOUTH DAKOTA WITH THE LATEST GUIDANCE SHIFTING THE  
POTENTIAL FOR TRAINING THUNDERSTORMS NORTH AND WEST.  
 
WEGMAN  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION
 
 
   
..SUMMARY
 
 
MINIMAL MODIFICATIONS WERE MADE TO THE SLIGHT AND MARGINAL RISK  
AREAS FROM YESTERDAY'S DAY 2 ERO.  
   
..NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
 
 
MID-UPPER LOW MIGRATING ACROSS THE CENTRAL GREAT BASIN-CENTRAL  
ROCKIES DURING THE PERIOD WILL SET THE STAGE FOR ROBUST DEEP-LAYER  
FORCING OVER THE OUTLOOK AREAS AS THE UPPER RIDGE AXIS MOVES EAST.  
HELPING MATTERS WILL BE COUPLED UPPER LEVEL JET STREAKS, I.E. WITH  
THE RIBBON OF ENHANCED LIFT WITHIN THE RIGHT-ENTRANCE REGION OF THE  
UPPER JET STREAK TRAVERSING SOUTH-CENTRAL CANADA, WHILE ALSO  
WITHIN THE LEFT-EXIT REGION OF THE UPPER JET STREAK LIFTING INTO  
THE FRONT RANGE AND CENTRAL PLAINS. ROBUST LOW-MID LEVEL MOISTURE  
TRANSPORT TURNING WESTWARD INTO THE MATURING COLD CONVEYOR BELT  
(CCB) AND MATURING TROWAL WILL REACH 2-3 STANDARD DEVIATIONS ABOVE  
NORMAL ACROSS THE NORTHERN PLAINS PER THE 00Z GEFS, WHILE  
ANOMALIES PEAK BETWEEN +3 AND +5 ACROSS THE UPPER MS VALLEY SUNDAY  
NIGHT. THIS AS THE SOUTH-SOUTHWESTERLY LLJ PEAKS BY SUNDAY NIGHT  
(~50 KTS AT 850 MB), WHILE STRENGTHENING ENE-NE LOW-LEVEL FLOW  
PEAKING BETWEEN 30-40 KTS ACROSS THE BACKSIDE OF THE CCB WILL LEAD  
TO A CONSIDERABLE UPSLOPE COMPONENT TO THE LIFT ACROSS THE  
FOOTHILLS AND HIGH PLAINS OF SOUTH-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST MT INTO  
NORTHEAST WY.  
 
THE SLIGHT RISK AREA WAS LARGELY UNCHANGED. PEAK RAINFALL TOTALS OF  
2-4+" WEST AND SOUTHWEST OF BILLINGS WILL COMBINE WITH HIGH SNOW  
LEVELS AND BURN SCARS TO LOCALLY ENHANCE THE FLASH FLOODING  
POTENTIAL IN THIS AREA OF MONTANA. FARTHER EAST ACROSS THE NORTHERN  
PLAINS AND UPPER MS VALLEY, DEEP-LAYER INSTABILITY WILL BECOME MORE  
PLENTIFUL (MUCAPES PEAKING AOA 1,000 J/KG), WHILE THE LOW-LEVEL  
MOISTURE TRANSPORT BECOMES MORE ROBUST SUNDAY NIGHT GIVEN THE  
AFOREMENTIONED UPTICK IN THE LLJ. DESPITE THE MORE FAVORABLE DEEP-  
LAYER THERMODYNAMICAL PROFILE, THE SPREAD IN THE MODEL QPFS IS MUCH  
HIGHER OVER THIS AREA, PARTICULARLY WITH THE HEAVIER RAINFALL. THIS  
IS LIKELY TO THE MORE TRANSIENT (LESS PERSISTENT), MAINLY WAA-  
DRIVEN UPPER LEVEL FORCING, ALONG WITH THE LOW-LEVEL FRONTS  
REMAINING UPSTREAM OF THE UPPER MS VALLEY THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. IN  
ADDITION, THE FORWARD-PROPAGATING CORFIDI VECTORS WOULD SUPPORT A  
RATHER PROGRESSIVE MOTION OF ANY ORGANIZED CONVECTION THAT IS ABLE  
TO GROW UPSCALE. AS A RESULT, THE MARGINAL RISK AREA WAS  
MAINTAINED ACROSS THE LOWER (NORTHERN) PLAINS AND UPPER MS VALLEY.  
 
HURLEY  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z MON APR 28 2025 - 12Z TUE APR 29 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF THE PLAINS AND INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...  
   
..20Z UPDATE
 
 
IN COORDINATION WITH UNR/RAPID CITY, SD; ABR/ABERDEEN, SD;  
BIS/BISMARCK, ND; FGF/FARGO, ND; MPX/TWIN CITIES, MN; ARX/LACROSSE,  
WI; AND DLH/DULUTH, MN FORECAST OFFICES, THE INHERITED SLIGHT RISK  
WAS REMOVED WITH THIS FORECAST UPDATE.  
 
A MID-LEVEL CIRCULATION WILL OPEN INTO A SHORTWAVE TROUGH ACROSS  
THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST ON MONDAY-MONDAY NIGHT. AMPLE  
PRE-FRONTAL LOW-MID LAYER MOISTURE TRANSPORT AND PW VALUES  
CLIMBING TO 1.5-1.75" WILL MAKE FOR A FAVORABLE THERMODYNAMIC  
PROFILE, ALONG WITH DEEP-LAYER INSTABILITY AS MUCAPES PEAK BETWEEN  
2,000-3,000 J/KG. THERE REMAINS SOME CONCERN DURING THIS PERIOD  
WITH CELL TRAINING, ESPECIALLY LATE MONDAY-MONDAY NIGHT ACROSS THE  
UPPER MIDWEST AND CENTRAL PLAINS WITH THE STRENGTHENING LLJ (50-55  
KT AT 850 MB) AND WEAKENING DOWNWIND CORFIDI VECTORS. THE 12Z  
GUIDANCE REMAINS HIGHLY VARIABLE WITH WHERE ANY CONVECTION ALONG  
THE COLD FRONT WILL SET UP, REGARDLESS OF TRAINING POTENTIAL, WITH  
SOME OF THE GUIDANCE INTO NORTHERN WISCONSIN AND THE UP OF  
MICHIGAN, WITH MORE LIMITED POTENTIAL FURTHER WEST FROM SOUTHEAST  
ND INTO NORTHERN MN. THIS MORE LIMITED POTENTIAL IS DUE TO A  
PREPONDERANCE OF THE GUIDANCE SUGGESTING THE DRY SLOT WILL MOVE  
OVER THAT AREA, GREATLY REDUCING THE TIME OF ANY RAINFALL THROUGH  
THE PERIOD.  
 
FOR MUCH OF NORTH DAKOTA SOUTHWEST INTO SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA AND  
FAR NORTHERN WYOMING, THERE IS A BIT HIGHER POTENTIAL FOR FLASH  
FLOODING STEMMING FROM RAINFALL AND SNOWMELT FROM THE NORTHEAST  
FLOW AGAINST THE BIGHORNS, BUT FOR MOST OF THAT AREA, SOILS REMAIN  
VERY DRY WITH AN ONGOING DROUGHT, AND IT'S UNLIKELY WITH LIMITED  
INSTABILITY ON THE COLD SIDE OF THE LOW THAT RATES WILL OVERCOME  
THE OTHERWISE SANDY SOILS OF THE AREA TO RESULT IN ANYTHING OTHER  
THAN ISOLATED INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING.  
 
HURLEY/WEGMAN  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z TUE APR 29 2025 - 12Z WED APR 30 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF  
SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTH TEXAS...  
   
..20Z UPDATE
 
 
IN COORDINATION WITH OUN/NORMAN, OK FORECAST OFFICE, A MODERATE  
RISK UPGRADE WAS INTRODUCED WITH THIS UPDATE.  
 
ANOTHER POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL EVENT WILL BE TAKING SHAPE  
ACROSS WESTERN PORTIONS OF THE TX-OK RED RIVER VALLEY NORTHEAST  
INTO THE OZARKS AND LOWER MO RIVER VALLEY. THIS AS THE UPPER TROUGH  
WEST/RIDGE EAST AMPLIFY AND IN-TURN EXHIBIT SLOWER W-E  
PROGRESSION. THIS WILL ALLOW FOR A MORE PROLONGED PERIOD OF  
FAVORABLE UPPER LEVEL FORCING (COUPLED SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN STREAM  
JET STREAKS) ALONG A SURFACE FRONT THAT WILL BECOME QUASI-  
STATIONARY ACROSS OK- SOUTHEAST KS INTO CENTRAL MO. ROBUST  
SYNOPTIC-SCALE FORCING, FAVORABLE THERMODYNAMIC PROFILES (MIXED  
LAYER CAPES 1000-2000 J/KG AND TPWS 1.5-1.75") AND THE THE ENHANCED  
RISK OF REPETITIVE CONVECTION ALONG THE SLOW MOVING/STALLED  
FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL LIKELY LEAD TO IMPRESSIVE 24 HR RAINFALL  
TOTALS WITHIN THE SLIGHT RISK AREA (3-5+ INCHES, WITH HIGHER  
LOCALIZED TOTALS PER THE HIGHER-RESOLUTION GEM-REGION AND RRFS  
RUNS). TUESDAY NIGHT IN PARTICULAR MAY BRING A MORE ENHANCED FLASH  
FLOOD THREAT, AS THE LLJ VEERS AND BECOMES NEARLY PARALLEL (AND OF  
SIMILAR MAGNITUDE OF) THE MEAN 850-300 MB FLOW, THEREBY LEADING TO  
WEAKER FORWARD-PROPAGATING CORFIDI VECTORS AND ALLOWING FOR A  
GREATER RISK OF CELL TRAINING.  
 
MUCH OF THE MODERATE RISK AREA PICKED UP SEVERAL INCHES OF HEAVY  
RAINFALL FROM A SLOW-MOVING AND PERSISTENT MCS THAT TRACKED ACROSS  
SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTH TEXAS YESTERDAY. THIS HAS GREATLY  
DIMINISHED FFGS AND SWELLED LOCAL RIVERS, STREAMS, AND CREEKS.  
WHILE BOTH TODAY AND MOST OF TOMORROW WILL BE DRY, (WITH SEVERE  
THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL TOMORROW), IT APPEARS UNLIKELY THAT THERE  
WILL BE ENOUGH RECOVERY TO RETURN SOIL CONDITIONS TO NORMAL BY THE  
TIME TUESDAY'S HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT GETS GOING. THERE ARE THEREFORE  
HEIGHTENED CONCERNS FOR FLASH FLOODING. THE MODERATE RISK  
HIGHLIGHTS THE HARDEST HIT AREAS EXPECTED TO PICK UP HEAVY RAIN  
FROM BOTH YESTERDAY AND EXPECTED AGAIN ON TUESDAY. ADDITIONAL  
EXPANSIONS MAY BE NEEDED IF FORECAST RAINFALL INCREASES FURTHER  
SOUTH AND WEST IN AREAS THAT WERE ALSO HARD-HIT WEDNESDAY, AS WELL  
AS TOWARDS THE NORTHEAST FROM TUESDAY'S RAINFALL ALONE, AS THE  
HIGHEST RAINFALL AMOUNTS FOR THE DAY MAY BE CLOSER TO THE  
OKLAHOMA/KANSAS/MISSOURI/ARKANSAS CORNERS REGION. AS IS COMMON FOR  
FORECAST AREAS OF THUNDERSTORMS, SHIFTS IN THE AXIS OF HEAVIEST  
RAINFALL ARE COMMON AND THEREFORE ADJUSTMENTS TO THE OUTLOOK AREAS  
MAY BE NEEDED IN THE COMING DAYS.  
 
HURLEY/WEGMAN  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 
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