946  
FOUS30 KWBC 290739  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
339 AM EDT TUE APR 29 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 12Z TUE APR 29 2025 - 12Z WED APR 30 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE  
SOUTHERN PLAINS...  
   
..SOUTHERN PLAINS  
 
A REPETITIVE SCHEME OF SUCCESSIVE CONVECTIVE OUTPUTS ACROSS  
PORTIONS OF WEST TX THROUGH OKLAHOMA WILL RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT  
FLASH FLOODING FOR A LARGE PORTION OF THE ABOVE AREAS. THE  
COMBINATION OF SEVERAL MID-LEVEL IMPULSES EJECTING NORTHEAST WITHIN  
A LARGE SCALE DIFFLUENT PATTERN WILL INTERACT WITH A QUASI-  
STATIONARY FRONT ALIGNED FROM THE WESTERN ROLLING PLAINS OF TX UP  
TOWARDS THE RED RIVER BASIN MAINLY WEST OF I-35. FAVORABLE MID-  
LEVEL ASCENT WILL ALLOW FOR WAVES OF CONVECTIVE INITIATION  
BEGINNING LATE-MORNING AND AFTERNOON TUESDAY WITH A SECONDARY PULSE  
AROUND 00Z WEDNESDAY WITH A FINAL PULSE FORECAST AFTER 06Z AS THE  
MEAN TROUGH FINALLY STARTS PIVOTING EAST OUT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN  
CONUS. INSTABILITY WITHIN THE CONFINES OF WEST TX UP TO THE RED  
RIVER WILL ALLOW FOR RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF CONVECTIVE CLUSTERS WITH  
SOME SUPERCELLULAR MODES PLAUSIBLE PRIOR TO NIGHTFALL, EVENTUALLY  
MERGING INTO A MORE MULTI-CELLULAR SCHEME WITH BACKBUILDING FAVORED  
WITHIN THE CONFINES OF THE FRONT DENOTED PRETTY WELL WITHIN THE  
THETA_E GRADIENT OUTPUT IN EACH DETERMINISTIC. ALL CAMS ARE WELL  
SUPPORTIVE OF THE 3-WAVE CONVECTIVE EVOLUTION WITH HEAVY RAINFALL  
SITUATED ACROSS THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS NEAR THE EASTERN PERMIAN  
BASIN WITH A GENERAL QPF MAXIMA ALIGNED SOUTHWEST TO NORTHEAST  
ACROSS THE NORTHERN EXTENSION OF THE ROLLING PLAINS IN TX, UP  
THROUGH THE RED RIVER AND INTO THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE OKC  
METRO. THIS AREA HAS BEEN THE BENEFACTOR OF MULTIPLE CONVECTIVE  
EPISODES ALREADY, LEADING TO FLASH FLOODING WITHIN THE CORRIDOR  
EXTENDING FROM LAWTON DOWN TO THE RED RIVER. THIS AREA WILL BE THE  
MOST PRIMED LOCATION FOR NOT ONLY WIDESPREAD FLASH FLOODING, BUT  
SIGNIFICANT LIFE-THREATENING FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS DUE TO THE WELL  
ABOVE NORMAL SOIL MOISTURE ANOMALIES LIKELY CURBING ANY POTENTIAL  
FOR RAINFALL TO SOAK INTO THE TOP SOIL LAYER.  
 
LATEST 00Z HREF PROBABILITY FIELDS ARE OVERWHELMINGLY INDICATIVE OF  
THE THREAT WITH ONE OF THE MORE ROBUST INDICATIONS OCCURRING  
WITHIN THE 6-HR FFG EXCEEDANCE PROBABILITY MARKER RUNNING BETWEEN  
70-90% ACROSS THE AREA EXTENDING FROM FOARD COUNTY IN TX UP TO  
WESTERN CLEVELAND COUNTY IN OK. NEIGHBORHOOD PROBABILITIES OF >5"  
TOTAL RAINFALL ARE RUNNING BETWEEN 50-80% IN THE SAME LOCATION WITH  
>8" BETWEEN 20-30% ACROSS SOUTHWEST OK BETWEEN LAWTON TO THE RED  
RIVER. NEIGHBORHOOD PROBS FOR >3" ARE SIGNIFICANT ACROSS MUCH OF OK  
BACK INTO NORTH TX WITH THE SOUTHWEST EXTENSION BACK INTO THE  
SOUTHEAST CORNER OF THE LUB CWA. CONSIDERING THE NASA SPORT SOIL  
MOISTURE PERCENTILES RUNNING BETWEEN 70-99% FOR THE 0-40CM LAYER  
ACROSS THE ENTIRE AREA ABOVE, THE PROPENSITY FOR FLOODING, EVEN IN  
RURAL ZONES WILL BE HIGHER THAN NORMAL. GIVEN EXPECTED RATES  
BETWEEN 1-2"/HR DURING PEAK STORM CYCLES AND THE EXPECTATION FOR  
>3" OF RAINFALL...THE THREAT WILL BE OF THE HIGHER MAGNITUDE IN  
TERMS OF IMPACT PROSPECTS. THE PREVIOUS MDT RISK INHERITED WAS NOT  
ONLY MAINTAINED, BUT EXPANDED A BIT FURTHER SOUTHWEST TO ALIGN WITH  
THE HIGHER PROBABILITIES WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD >5" POTENTIAL AND  
THE ELEVATED HREF EAS >2" PROBABILITIES THAT HAVE BEEN DEPICTED. A  
HIGH-END MDT RISK IS FORECAST ACROSS THE RED RIVER BASIN WEST OF  
WICHITA FALLS UP INTO THE SOUTHERN FRINGES OF THE OKC METRO,  
INCLUDING THE TOWN OF NORMAN. LOWER END PROBABILITIES FOR FLASH  
FLOODING WILL EXIST ACROSS AREAS OF THE EASTERN PERMIAN BASIN OUT  
THROUGH THE CONCHO VALLEY AS WELL AS ACROSS MUCH OF OKLAHOMA NOT  
INCLUDED IN THE MDT.  
   
..MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS  
 
MID-LEVEL IMPULSES THAT EJECT OUT OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS WILL  
CONTINUE TO PRESS NORTHEAST TOWARDS THE MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO  
VALLEYS WITH A PROGRESSIVE COLD FRONT MOVING SOUTHEAST OUT OF THE  
MIDWEST DURING THE SAME TIME FRAME. AFTERNOON DESTABILIZATION  
COUPLED WITH THE FAVORABLE ADDITION OF MID-LEVEL FORCING AND SURFACE  
FRONTOGENESIS WILL LEAD TO SCATTERED CONVECTIVE PULSES ACROSS THE  
REGION WITH SOME ORGANIZED ELEMENTS FOCUSED WITHIN THE CONFINES OF  
THE FRONT AND UNDER THE SHORTWAVE PROPAGATION. SOILS REMAIN MOIST  
ACROSS MUCH OF THE REGION EXTENDING FROM MO THROUGH THE OHIO RIVER  
BASIN WITH AN EASTERN EXTENSION TO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND  
WESTERN PA HIGHLANDS. PWAT ANOMALIES ON THE ORDER OF +1 TO AS HIGH  
AS +2.5 DEVIATIONS CEMENTS A FAVORABLE DEEP MOIST ENVIRONMENT  
CONDUCIVE FOR HEAVY RAINFALL PROSPECTS WITHIN ANY CONVECTIVE  
SCHEME. THE GREATEST CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY RAIN WILL LIKELY BE  
BACK OVER SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL MO TOWARDS THE 3 RIVER CONFLUENCE  
ZONE NEAR KY/MO/IN/IL. HREF PROBS FOR >1" ARE VERY HIGH (70-90+%)  
ACROSS MUCH OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEY AREAS WITH >2" PROBS  
RELATIVELY HIGH (50-70%) IN-OF THE OHIO RIVER BASIN OVER SOUTHERN  
IL THROUGH MUCH OF EASTERN KY. THE COMBINATION OF CONVECTION OVER  
AREAS THAT ARE STILL IN RECOVERY FROM PREVIOUS RAINFALL EPISODES  
AND COMPLEX TERRAIN WILL CREATE A THREAT FOR ISOLATED TO PERHAPS  
SCATTERED FLASH FLOOD INSTANCES OVER A LARGE AREA DURING THE  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING HOURS TUESDAY. A SLGT RISK REMAINS FIRMLY IN  
PLACE ACROSS MUCH OF MO ALONG AND SOUTH OF I-70 UNTIL THE 3 RIVER  
CONFLUENCE ZONE REFERENCED ABOVE. A MRGL RISK ENCOMPASSES ALL OTHER  
AREAS EAST THROUGH WESTERN PA AND EVEN THE SOUTHWEST CORNER OF NY  
STATE.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z WED APR 30 2025 - 12Z THU MAY 01 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF  
THE ARKLATEX, EASTERN OKLAHOMA, AND WESTERN OZARKS...  
 
THE PATTERN REMAINS VERY ACTIVE AS WE MOVE INTO WEDNESDAY AS THE  
MEAN TROUGH SLOWLY SLIPS EASTWARD WITH AMPLE MID-LEVEL ENERGY  
ACCOMPANYING, CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT FAVORABLE FOR ORGANIZED  
CONVECTIVE CLUSTERS THROUGH THE ENTIRE D2 TIME FRAME. RICH GULF AIR  
WILL BE PULLED POLEWARD AHEAD OF THE ADVANCING TROUGH WITH SEVERAL  
MID-LEVEL PERTURBATIONS EJECTING OUT OF THE AHEAD OF THE PRIMARY  
SHORTWAVE TROUGH. THIS IN COMBINATION WITH SUFFICIENT BUOYANCY  
ACROSS CENTRAL AND EAST TX THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY WILL  
MAINTAIN A WIDESPREAD CONVECTIVE ZONE OF IMPACT WITH STRONG, HEAVY  
THUNDERSTORM CORES AND CLUSTERS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PROLIFIC  
RAINFALL TOTALS.  
 
TWO PRIMARY PERIODS OF INTEREST HAVE BECOME FAIRLY WELL DOCUMENTED  
WITHIN THE RECENT DETERMINISTIC CYCLES. THE FIRST IS THE  
CONTINUATION OF THE CONVECTIVE COMPLEX THAT WILL DEVELOP OVERNIGHT  
TUESDAY INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING OVER THE WESTERN RED RIVER BASIN AND  
SLOWLY TRUDGE EASTWARD AS IT MANEUVERS IN TANDEM WITH THE PRIMARY  
SHORTWAVE ENERGY, AND ACROSS THE REMAINING THETA_E GRADIENT RUNNING  
PARALLEL TO THE RIVER. 00Z HREF ON THE BACK END OF ITS RUN IS  
SIGNALING SOME VERY IMPRESSIVE RAINFALL TOTALS (2-5") WITHIN THE  
FIRST 12 HR. PERIOD IN THE FORECAST CYCLE (12Z WED TO 00Z THU)  
ACROSS PLACES ALONG THE RED RIVER UP THROUGH CENTRAL AND EASTERN OK  
AS THE MULTI-CELL CLUSTER ADVANCES. PROB FIELDS FOR >3" WITHIN  
THAT FIRST 12 HRS. ARE BETWEEN 50-90% ACROSS SOUTH-CENTRAL OK,  
ALONG AND EAST OF THE I-35 CORRIDOR WITH 25-40% PROBS FOR EVEN >5".  
CONSIDERING THIS IS ONLY FOR THE FIRST 12 HRS., THE PROBS ARE  
PRETTY IMPRESSIVE AND REALLY HIGHLIGHT THE THREAT ON THE INITIAL  
HEAVY QPF CORE.  
 
THE SECOND PERIOD OF INTEREST WILL OCCUR IN THE AFTERNOON AND  
EVENING HRS. AS DIURNALLY DRIVEN CONVECTION WILL FLARE UP OVER  
EASTERN TX WITHIN A BROAD MOISTURE RICH ENVIRONMENT AS NAEFS  
ANOMALIES CONTINUE TO POINT TO +2 TO +3 DEVIATIONS FOR PWATS  
(1.5-2") SITUATED OVER THE AREA. LLJ INTRODUCTION BY EARLY EVENING  
WILL ONLY EXACERBATE THE POTENTIAL WITH INCREASING LOW-LEVEL SHEAR  
CAPABLE OF PERSISTING UPDRAFTS AND EVENTUAL CELL CLUSTERS THAT WILL  
ORIGINATE FROM CELLS MOVING NORTHEAST WITHIN THE MEAN FLOW. SEVERAL  
MID-LEVEL PERTURBATIONS WILL BE IN THE VICINITY ACROSS NORTHEAST TX  
TO TRULY ENHANCE AND MAINTAIN CONVECTIVE CORES SUCH THAT IT BECOMES  
A FAIRLY FAVORABLE PROSPECT FOR HEAVY RAINFALL EXTENDING INTO THE  
LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. TOTALS BETWEEN 2-4" WITHIN AN AREAL  
EXPANSE ARE FORECAST ACROSS THE ARKLATEX UP THROUGH WESTERN AR TO  
JUST BEFORE THE MO OZARKS. LOCALLY HIGHER TOTALS WILL BE POSSIBLE  
ACROSS THAT ENTIRE AREA GIVEN THE FAVORABLE RATES BETWEEN 1-2.5"/HR  
FORECAST CURRENTLY WITHIN GLOBAL DETERMINISTIC. PENDING OUTFLOW  
PROPAGATION WITHIN THE SETUP, HEAVIER TOTALS COULD ADVANCE FURTHER  
EAST TOWARDS CENTRAL AR, BUT AT THIS JUNCTURE, THE PRIMARY AREA OF  
FOCUS ALIGNS OVER EAST TX UP THROUGH EASTERN OK AND WESTERN AR.  
THIS CORRELATES WELL WITH THE THETA_E RIDGE EXTENSION UP THROUGH  
THE AREA WHERE CONVECTIVE THREATS WILL BE HIGHEST DURING PEAK  
DIURNAL DESTABILIZATION AND BEYOND.  
 
THE PREVIOUS MDT RISK WAS MAINTAINED WITH A WESTWARD EXTENSION BACK  
OVER PORTIONS OF SOUTH-CENTRAL OK DOWN ACROSS THE RED RIVER INTO  
TX. THE MDT RISK IS NOT WITHIN THE DFW METRO, HOWEVER IT DOES LIE  
JUST NORTH, SO WILL HAVE TO MONITOR TRENDS CLOSELY OVER THE NEXT  
24-36 HRS. A BROAD SLGT RISK EXTENDS SOUTH INTO EAST TX BUT WELL  
NORTH OF THE TX GULF COAST.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z THU MAY 01 2025 - 12Z FRI MAY 02 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF  
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY UP THROUGH THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN  
GREAT LAKES...  
 
NUMEROUS AREAS OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI  
VALLEY THROUGH THE EAST-CENTRAL CONUS DUE TO THE PROGRESSION OF A  
SURFACE LOW OUT OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND ATTENDANT COLD FRONT  
TRAILING THE PRIMARY CYCLONE. WESTERN ATLANTIC RIDGING WILL ALLOW  
FOR A CONTINUED ADVECTION OF RICH GULF AIR INTO THE EASTERN U.S.  
WITH A DEEP MOIST ENVIRONMENT PRETTY MUCH SOLIDIFIED FROM THE GREAT  
LAKES DOWN TO THE GULF COAST. AREA PWATS WILL RUN BETWEEN 1.5-2.5  
DEVIATIONS ABOVE NORMAL FOR MUCH OF THE CONUS EAST OF THE  
MISSISSIPPI, AN ENVIRONMENT VERY FAVORABLE FOR CONVECTIVE SCHEMES  
ON THE EASTERN FLANK OF THE SURFACE LOW, AS WELL AS ALONG AND AHEAD  
OF THE PROGRESSING COLD FRONT. AREAL QPF WITHIN THE ENSEMBLE MEANS  
ARE GENERALLY BETWEEN 0.5 AND 1" WITH SOME LOCALLY HIGHER FORECAST  
ACROSS THE ABOVE AREA(S). SOME OF THE DETERMINISTIC OUTPUT IS OF  
COURSE HIGHER WITH SOME 2-4" MAXIMA LITTERED OVER THE SOUTHEAST AND  
OHIO VALLEY WHERE THE CONVECTIVE SCHEME WILL BE MOST PROMINENT.  
THERE'S LITTLE AGREEMENT WITHIN THE SUITE ON EXACTLY WHERE THE  
HEAVIEST PRECIP WILL FALL, BUT THERE'S PLENTY OF COVERAGE WHERE ANY  
ONE SPOT COULD BE THE BENEFICIARY OF SOME HEAVY PRECIP. AT THIS  
LEAD, WOULD PROBABLY LEAN ON THE TENNESSEE VALLEY INTO THE SOUTHERN  
OHIO VALLEY TO HAVE THE BEST POTENTIAL DUE TO A COMBO OF ANTECEDENT  
MOIST SOILS, AS WELL AS THE GREATEST SURFACE BASED ASCENT LIKELY  
WITHIN PROXY TO THE ADVANCING COLD FRONT. A BROAD MRGL RISK EXISTS  
OVER PARTS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI UP THROUGH THE CENTRAL AND  
EASTERN GREAT LAKES WITH THE FURTHEST EAST EXPANSION OVER WESTERN  
NY STATE DOWN TO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
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