146  
FOUS30 KWBC 300733  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
333 AM EDT WED APR 30 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 12Z WED APR 30 2025 - 12Z THU MAY 01 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF  
SOUTH-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA, NORTH TEXAS, AND WESTERN  
ARKANSAS...  
 
THE OVERALL SYNOPTIC PATTERN REMAINS UNCHANGED IN TERMS OF THE  
GENERAL LONGWAVE PROGRESSION AS AN AMPLIFIED MID-LEVEL TROUGH  
BEGINS TO OPEN UP OVERNIGHT AND KICK EASTWARD WITH A STRONG  
VORTICITY MAXIMA RIDING THE BASE OF THE MEAN TROUGH. AMPLE MID-  
LEVEL ASCENT WITHIN A FAIRLY MOISTURE RICH ENVIRONMENT THANKS TO  
COUPLED LLJ ADVECTION AND STRONG 700-500MB MOISTURE FEED FROM THE  
ABOVE TROUGH WILL LEAD TO A PERIOD OF PROLONGED CONVECTIVE  
MAINTENANCE AND INITIATION OVER THE COURSE OF WEDNESDAY INTO EARLY  
THURSDAY MORNING. A STRONG MID-LEVEL SHORTWAVE EJECTION IS  
CURRENTLY MIGRATING EASTWARD OUT OF NM WITH WV AND IR SATELLITE  
ALREADY SHOWING INSTANCES OF COOLING CLOUD TOPS MARKING THE SIGN OF  
THE FINAL WAVE OF CONVECTIVE INITIATION OFF THE CAPROCK AND  
ADJACENT PERMIAN BASIN. THIS EXPANSE OF CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT WILL  
USHER EAST-NORTHEASTWARD WITHIN THE MEAN FLOW, ALSO ANCHORING TO  
THE QUASI-STATIONARY BOUNDARY POSITIONED BACK ACROSS THE PERMIAN  
BASIN THROUGH THE WESTERN ROLLING PLAINS OF TX. HEAVY THUNDERSTORMS  
PRIOR HAVE LED TO A SWATH OF VERY LOW FFG'S IN THEIR WAKE CREATING  
AN ANTECEDENT SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION INCAPABLE OF TAKING ON MUCH  
MORE RAINFALL BEFORE CAUSING FLASH FLOODING, SOME SIGNIFICANT IN  
NATURE GIVEN THE ONGOING ISSUES NEAR THE RED RIVER.  
 
AS THE SHORTWAVE TROUGH MIGRATES THROUGH NORTH TX AND THE RED RIVER  
BASIN, COLD POOL CONVERGENCE DURING NOCTURNAL CONVECTIVE CYCLES  
WILL LEAD TO A CONGLOMERATION OF HEAVY THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING FROM  
CENTRAL OK DOWN THROUGH NORTH TX, ADVANCING EASTWARD WITHIN THE  
CONFINES OF THE STATIONARY FRONT. BY 12Z WEDNESDAY, RAINFALL RATES  
BETWEEN 1-2"/HR AT PEAK INTENSITY WILL ENCOMPASS A PRETTY LARGE  
AREA WITH THE WESTERN EXTENT OF THE PRECIP FOOTPRINT LIKELY  
OVERLAPPING AREAS THAT WERE HIT RECENTLY THIS EVENING. THIS AREA  
WILL REPRESENT THE WESTERN EXTENT OF THE INHERITED MDT RISK AS  
OUTLINED AS 00Z CAMS HAVE COME INTO RELATIVE AGREEMENT ON THE  
TIMING OF THE CONVECTIVE CLUSTER MOVING THROUGH THE REGION IN THE  
INITIAL STAGES OF THE FORECAST CYCLE. THE PRIMARY ENERGY WILL  
CONTINUE TO TRAVERSE EASTWARD WITH THE AFTERNOON PERIOD LIKELY TO  
SEE THE SHORTWAVE AXIS BISECTING SOUTHEAST OK BETWEEN THE 18-00Z  
TIME FRAME. THIS IS WHERE THE NEXT ROUND OF CONVECTIVE IMPACTS WILL  
TRANSPIRE.  
 
AS OF THE LATEST ENSEMBLE BIAS CORRECTED MEAN AND HREF BLENDED MEAN  
OUTPUT, THE HEAVIEST PRECIP HAS SHADED A BIT FURTHER SOUTH COMPARED  
TO RUN-TO-RUN CONSISTENCY, A TENDENCY TYPICALLY SEEN IN THESE  
SETUPS DUE TO THE GREATER INSTABILITY LOCATED FURTHER SOUTH, AS  
WELL AS COLD POOL PROGRESSION TENDING TO MOVE SOUTHEASTWARD WITHIN  
THE THETA_E GRADIENT PATTERN(S). THIS IS NO DIFFERENT WITH A STRONG  
SIGNAL FOR 2-4" AREAL AVERAGES LOCATED OVER NORTHEAST TX WITH THE  
2" MEAN NOW EVEN SOUTHEAST OF THE DFW METRO. 3-5" IS THE AVERAGE  
OVER THE ARKLATEX BISECTING THE RED RIVER BASIN BETWEEN OK/TX/LA,  
SOMETHING THAT HAS REMAINED STEADY DESPITE THE OVERALL SHIFT  
FURTHER SOUTH IN THE HEAVIER CONVECTIVE FORECAST. THIS IS THE MOST  
LIKELY LOCATION FOR FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS, CERTIFYING THE CENTROID  
OF THE CURRENT MDT WELL-POSITIONED AND LEFT UNTOUCHED FROM PREVIOUS  
FORECAST.  
 
WITH THE SCOPE OF THE HEAVIER PRECIP NOW ALIGNED A BIT FURTHER  
SOUTH TO INCLUDE THE DFW METRO AND AREAS ALONG I-20, THE MDT WAS  
PULLED A BIT FURTHER SOUTH TO ENCOMPASS THE 00Z HREF >5" NEIGHBORHOOD  
PROBS OF AT LEAST 30% OR HIGHER, WITH THE GENERAL MAXIMA LOCATED  
ALONG I-30 TOWARDS TEXARKANA. THIS CORRELATES WELL WITH THE  
FORECASTED POSITION OF FAVORABLE PWAT ANOMALIES +2 OR BETTER WHEN  
ASSESSING THE MOST RECENT NAEFS AND ECENS OUTPUTS. HOURLY RATES  
BETWEEN 1-2"/HR WILL BE MOST COMMON AT PEAK INTENSITY ACCORDING TO  
THE HREF HOURLY PROB FIELDS WITH 1"/HR RUNNING BETWEEN 50-90% AT  
ANY GIVEN TIME BETWEEN 18-06Z IN THE FORECAST ACROSS NORTHEAST TX  
UP INTO SOUTHEAST OK AND WESTERN AR. 2"/HR PROBS ARE NOT AS  
PROLIFIC IN THE SIGNAL, BUT CONSIDERING THE SHEARED PROFILE AND  
DEEP BOUNDARY LAYER MOISTURE ADVECTION PATTERN, WOULD NOT BE  
SURPRISED TO SEE SOME CELLS PERCOLATE >2"/HR GIVEN THE EXPECTED  
ENVIRONMENT.  
 
THE DFW METRO IS ONE OF THE AREAS OF FOCUS DUE TO THE RISK OF FLASH  
FLOODING BEING HIGHER WITH THE URBANIZATION FACTORS AT HAND. THERE  
ARE SOME CAMS HINTING AT SIGNIFICANT TOTALS WITHIN THE METRO  
PROPER, BUT SOME ARE JUST MISSING THE POPULATION CENTER TO THE  
NORTH AND EAST DURING THE OVERALL EVOLUTION. CONSIDERING THE  
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONING AND THE NATURE OF THE HEAVY PRECIP BEING  
WITHIN A SHORT PROXY, REGARDLESS OF EVENTUAL OUTCOME THE MDT RISK  
WAS SUFFICIENT TO COVER FOR THE THREAT. HREF EAS PROB FIELDS FOR AT  
LEAST 2" RUNNING BETWEEN 30-50%, WEST TO EAST ACROSS THE METROPLEX  
IS A PRETTY GOOD SIGNAL FOR THE THREAT AND THAT SIGNAL ONLY  
IMPROVES AS YOU MOVE EASTWARD THROUGH THE I-20/30 ZONES.  
 
THERE IS A LARGE SLGT RISK THAT ENCOMPASSES MUCH OF THE LOWER  
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND BASICALLY THE REST OF THE NORTHEASTERN  
QUADRANT OF TX UP THROUGH CENTRAL OK. SCATTERED TO BORDERING  
WIDESPREAD CONVECTION WILL BE FORECAST FROM THE OZARKS AND POINTS  
SOUTHWEST WITH SOME LOCALLY ENHANCED CORES LIKELY TO SPUR SOME  
FLASH FLOOD POTENTIAL WITH LOW TO MEDIUM GRADE PROBABILITIES  
SUGGEST. THERE'S SOME QUESTION ON THE EXACT LOCATION OF THESE MORE  
ISOLATED HEAVY CELLS, HOWEVER THERE'S SOME INDICATION A SECONDARY  
MAXIMA COULD BE WITHIN SOUTH-CENTRAL TX NEAR THE EASTERN FLANK OF  
THE TERRAIN EAST OF I-35, OR ACROSS MO WHERE DIFFLUENT UPPER FLOW  
WILL BE POSITIONED WELL TO ENHANCE REGIONAL CONVECTIVE COVERAGE  
WITHIN A FAIRLY MOIST ENVIRONMENT AS THE ANOMALOUS PWATS FUNNEL  
POLEWARD.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z THU MAY 01 2025 - 12Z FRI MAY 02 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER A BROAD  
AREA FROM THE GREAT LAKES TO MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TO WESTERN GULF  
COAST...  
 
SURFACE CYCLOGENESIS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS WILL LEAD TO A  
STEADY LOW PROGRESSION TO THE NORTHEAST UP THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI  
VALLEY INTO THE GREAT LAKES TOWARDS THE END OF THE FORECAST CYCLE.  
A COLD FRONT WILL TRAIL THE VACATING LOW ALLOWING FOR SOME FRONTAL  
CONVERGENCE TO OCCUR ACROSS THE ABOVE AREAS WITH THE GREATEST  
CONVECTIVE COVERAGE LIKELY TO BE WITHIN THE WARM SECTOR OF THE OHIO  
AND TENNESSEE VALLEY INTO THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES. PWAT ANOMALIES  
BETWEEN +2 AND +3 DEVIATIONS WILL BE PRESENT FOR MUCH OF THE CONUS  
SITUATED EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI LENDING TO A FAIRLY RICH  
ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE FOR MOIST CONVECTIVE CORES FROM THE GULF  
COAST UP TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION. THE REASONING FOR THE HEAVIER  
CONVECTIVE THREAT NORTH IS THE ADDED SHEARED PROFILES WITHIN THE  
BOUNDS OF THE WARM SECTOR CREATING BETTER MESOCYCLONE MATURITY AND  
STRONGER STORMS. ALL THIS TO SAY....HEAVY RAIN PROSPECTS FOR LONGER  
PERIODS MORE LIKELY WITHIN THE ZONE ENCOMPASSING THE TENNESSEE AND  
OHIO VALLEYS. CURRENT FORECAST TOTALS REGION-WIDE OVER THE  
SOUTHEAST UP INTO THE OHIO VALLEY ARE PRETTY CONSISTENT WITH AN  
AREAL AVERAGE BETWEEN 0.5 TO 1" WITH SOME LOCALLY ENHANCED TOTALS  
REACHING UPWARDS OF 2-2.5" IN THE HARDEST HIT LOCATIONS. GIVEN  
RAINFALL RATES PEAKING BETWEEN 1-1.5"/HR WHEN ASSESSING THE  
PROBABILISTIC OUTPUT OF BOTH THE NBM AND 00Z HREF, THERE'S A CAP ON  
THE HIGHER END POTENTIAL OF ANY FLASH FLOOD SCENARIO LEAVING THIS  
OVERALL THREAT IN THE BROAD MRGL RISK COVERAGE, AS INHERITED.  
 
THERE IS ANOTHER AREA OF INTEREST DOWN ACROSS THE RIO GRANDE  
EXTENDING FROM THE BIG BEND DOWN TO ABOUT LAREDO FOR TOMORROW  
EVENING AS A SHORTWAVE PERTURBATION EJECTS EAST OFF OF COAHUILA  
WITH SOME CONVECTION SPAWNING OVER THE SERRANIAS DEL BURRO. SOME OF  
THE CAMS ARE PRETTY SIGNIFICANT IN THE OVERALL CONVECTIVE  
DEVELOPMENT, BUT MUCH OF THE CAMS REACH THE END OF THEIR RUNS PRIOR  
TO THE ACTIVITY MAKING ITS WAY TOWARDS THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY. OTHER  
DETERMINISTIC AND ENSEMBLE BIAS CORRECTED MEANS TELL THE STORY IN  
FULL WITH SOME RESPECTABLE QPF OUTPUTS WITHIN THE ABOVE BOUNDS  
LEADING TO POTENTIALLY SOME LOCALIZED FLOODING WITHIN SOME OF THE  
URBANIZED ZONES BETWEEN DEL RIO DOWN TO LAREDO. CONSIDERING THE  
ENVIRONMENT TO BE FAVORABLE AND THIS SCENARIO HAVING A LONG HISTORY  
OF POTENTIAL, OPTED TO KEEP THE MRGL RISK FROM PREVIOUS FORECAST  
ISSUANCE TO OUTLINE THE THREAT FOR A QUICK 1-3" OF RAINFALL WITH  
LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS PLAUSIBLE PENDING COLD POOL CONVERGENCE  
EVOLUTIONS.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z FRI MAY 02 2025 - 12Z SAT MAY 03 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS MUCH OF  
CENTRAL TEXAS...  
 
A COLD FRONT PROGRESSION STEMMING FROM A TRAILING COLD FRONT AND  
PRESSING SURFACE HIGH OVER THE NORTHERN PLAINS WILL LEAD TO  
SIGNIFICANT LOW-LEVEL CONVERGENCE REGIME OVER CENTRAL TX BY FRIDAY  
AFTERNOON. RETURN FLOW AROUND THE WESTERN FLANK OF A BROAD SURFACE  
RIDGE POSITIONED OVER THE WESTERN ATLANTIC WILL REACH BACK TOWARDS  
THE SOUTHERN HALF OF TX LEADING TO A CONVERGENT PATTERN IN  
CONJUNCTION WITH SLOW-MOVING COLD FRONT MOVING NORTH TO SOUTH.  
MODELS HAVE BEEN STEADILY INCREASING PRECIP COVERAGE WITHIN THE  
CONFINES OF THE BOUNDARY ONCE IT MAKES HEADWAY INTO THE HILL  
COUNTRY OF THE LONE STAR STATE BY LATE-FRIDAY MORNING, CARRYING  
THROUGH THE REST OF THE PERIOD AS THE FRONT ENCOUNTERS HIGHER  
THETA_E AIRMASS WITHIN THE WESTERN PERIPHERY OF THAT SURFACE RIDGE.  
PWATS BETWEEN +1 AND +2 DEVIATIONS WILL BE PRESENT ONCE THE FRONT  
MAKES ITS PRESENCE ACROSS THE REGION, A SUFFICIENT ENVIRONMENT FOR  
DEEP MOIST CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE BOUNDARY  
AS IT SLOWLY MIGRATES SOUTH. ENSEMBLE MEANS HAVE UPPED PRECIP  
OUTPUT IN RECENT RUNS WITH A SOLID 1-2" AREAL AVERAGE NOW  
ENCOMPASSING A LARGE PORTION OF THE STATE FROM THE STOCKTON  
PLATEAU, EAST THROUGH HILL COUNTRY, THE I-35 CORRIDOR, ALL THE WAY  
BACK TOWARDS THE PINEY WOODS AREA OF EAST TX. FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT  
WITH LIKELY TRAINING ECHOES IN PROXY TO THE COLD FRONT WILL  
GENERATE LOCALLY ENHANCED QPF MAXIMA, ESPECIALLY WITHIN THE BOUNDS  
OF THE TERRAIN WHERE AN ADDED WEAK UPSLOPE COMPONENT COULD YIELD  
GREATEST RESULTS (3+" TOTALS). THE CONVERGENT PATTERN CAN BE SEEN  
AS FAR EAST AS THE SOUTHEASTERN CONUS, BUT THE GREATEST SURFACE  
FRONTOGENESIS SIGNAL IS SITUATED BACK OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS,  
SOUTH OF I-20.  
 
A SLGT RISK WAS ADDED ACROSS THE ABOVE AREA WITH A BROAD MRGL  
ENCOMPASSING THE HIGHER RISK AS SCATTERED CONVECTION WILL STILL BE  
PRESENT UP TOWARDS I-20 EXTENDING EAST THROUGH THE LOWER  
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY UP THROUGH NORTHERN AL AND EASTERN TN. WILL BE  
MONITORING THE SETUP CLOSELY AS THE SETUP WILL LIKELY BE MOST  
PROLIFIC WITHIN ONE OF THE FLASHIER AREAS OF THE COUNTRY.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 
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