255  
FOUS30 KWBC 301551  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
1151 AM EDT WED APR 30 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 16Z WED APR 30 2025 - 12Z THU MAY 01 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF  
SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA, NORTH TEXAS, AND WESTERN ARKANSAS...  
 
THE THREAT OF SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOODING CONTINUES TODAY, WITH THE  
FOCUS INCREASINGLY SHIFTING TO PORTIONS OF NORTH TEXAS BASED ON  
OBSERVATIONAL TRENDS AND THE LATEST 12Z HI-RES MODEL GUIDANCE.  
 
A BOWING CONVECTIVE LINE CONTINUES TO ADVANCE EASTWARD THROUGH  
S OK, WITH A TRAILING LINE OF CONVECTION EXTENDING INTO N TX ON  
THE SOUTHERN PERIPHERY OF STRONG COLD POOL AND MESOHIGH SITUATED  
OVER SC OK. OVER THE PAST COUPLE HOURS, THE CONVECTIVE LINE IN N  
TX HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY ORIENTED NE-SW, OR EVEN ENE-WSW; IN  
OTHER WORDS, MORE PARALLEL TO THE MEAN FLOW VECTOR. THIS HAS  
INCREASED THE POTENTIAL FOR TRAINING AND BACKBUILDING, ESPECIALLY  
INTO THE AFTERNOON HOURS AS THE LLJ BEGINS TO WEAKEN AND LOW-LEVEL  
WINDS START TO VEER TO THE SOUTHWEST. FOR A MORE DETAILED MESOSCALE  
ANALYSIS, PLEASE REFER TO MPD #202 ISSUED AT 14Z FOR THIS REGION.  
 
THE MODERATE RISK AREA WAS MAINTAINED IN SE OK AND W AR, EVEN  
THOUGH CONFIDENCE IN FLASH FLOODING HAS DECREASED SOMEWHAT DUE TO  
THE FAIRLY STEADY FORWARD PROGRESS OF THE BOWING LINE, AND HOW THIN  
THE CONVECTIVE LINE HAS BECOME. HOWEVER, IT WAS MAINTAINED OUT OF  
DEFERENCE TO CONTINUITY AND THE POTENTIAL TO REINVIGORATE THE  
CONVECTION IN THE NEXT FEW HOURS WITH SOME CLEARING OCCURRING AHEAD  
OF THE LINE, WHICH COULD INCREASE RAIN RATES AGAIN.  
 
GREATER CONCERN NOW EXISTS IN N TX. THE FORWARD PROGRESSION OF THE  
LINE AND ASSOCIATED COLD POOL IN S OK AND OVERALL CONVECTIVE  
EVOLUTION HAS LED TO FAR MORE WEST-EAST ORIENTATION TO THE  
CONVECTIVE LINE IN N TX THAN MODELS HAD ORIGINALLY BEEN  
ADVERTISING. THIS CERTAINLY INCREASES FLASH FLOOD POTENTIAL AND  
OVER THE NEXT FEW HOURS THIS PLACES THE DALLAS-FT. WORTH METRO AREA  
SQUARELY IN THE GREATEST RISK. HOURLY RAINFALL COULD EXCEED 2  
INCHES PER HOUR, WITH UNOBSTRUCTED INFLOW FROM A VERY MOIST AND  
UNSTABLE AIR MASS (MLCAPE 1500-2000 J/KG WITH MINIMAL CINH; PWS  
1.6 TO 1.8 INCHES PER RAP ANALYSIS.) IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT, THIS  
COULD LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT AND LIFE-THREATENING FLASH FLOODING,  
PARTICULARLY IF THE RAIN RATES ARE SUSTAINED FOR A COUPLE HOURS,  
WHICH IS A DISTINCT POSSIBILITY IN THIS CASE.  
 
AS THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING PROGRESS, THE HI-RES MODELS DO  
INDICATE THE POTENTIAL FOR THE SOUTHWESTERN PERIPHERY OF THE  
CONVECTIVE LINE TO CONTINUE TO SLOW OR STALL. WHILE THEY DON'T  
NECESSARILY AGREE ON THE SPECIFICS, MANY HREF MEMBERS, AS WELL AS  
THE RRFS, INDICATE BACKBUILDING AND TRAINING CONVECTION COULD  
BECOME MORE LIKELY IN THE CORRIDOR FROM WACO TO LONGVIEW. THIS  
SEEMS TO BE WELL SUPPORTED BY OBSERVATIONAL TRENDS, AND IN FACT  
MANY HI-RES MEMBERS ARE: (1) ALREADY NOT EXTENDING THE CONVECTIVE  
LINE FAR ENOUGH SOUTHWEST BASED ON CURRENT RADAR TRENDS, AND (2)  
HAVE THE CONVECTIVE LINE ORIENTED FAR TOO MUCH IN A N-S FASHION.  
THEREFORE, THEY MAY BE UNDERESTIMATING RAINFALL POTENTIAL A BIT,  
AND ALSO UNDERSELLING THE POTENTIAL FOR A SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL AND  
FLASH FLOOD EVENT FURTHER TO THE SOUTHWEST. PROBABILITIES AND  
ASSOCIATED RISK CATEGORIES WERE INCREASED A BIT DOWN THE I-35  
CORRIDOR BETWEEN DFW AND AUS, AND THIS WILL BE MONITORED FOR  
FURTHER UPDATES BASED ON OBSERVATIONAL TRENDS. RAIN RATES IN MUCH  
OF C/N TX COULD REACH OR EXCEED 2 INCHES PER HOUR GIVEN THE  
AVAILABLE INSTABILITY AND MOISTURE.  
 
THE OTHER BIGGEST CHANGE FOR THIS OUTLOOK WAS TO EXTEND THE SLIGHT  
RISK A BIT FURTHER NORTHEAST THROUGH MO AND INTO W IL BASED ON MORE  
ELEVATED HREF PROBABILITIES OF EXCEEDING 1HR AND 3HR FLASH FLOOD  
GUIDANCE AND A FAIRLY CONSISTENT SIGNAL IN THE GUIDANCE FOR A  
CORRIDOR OF ENHANCED RAINFALL ASSOCIATED WITH AN MCV AND  
CORRESPONDING SURFACE LOW.  
 
LAMERS  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z THU MAY 01 2025 - 12Z FRI MAY 02 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER A BROAD  
AREA FROM THE GREAT LAKES TO MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TO WESTERN GULF  
COAST...  
 
SURFACE CYCLOGENESIS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS WILL LEAD TO A  
STEADY LOW PROGRESSION TO THE NORTHEAST UP THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI  
VALLEY INTO THE GREAT LAKES TOWARDS THE END OF THE FORECAST CYCLE.  
A COLD FRONT WILL TRAIL THE VACATING LOW ALLOWING FOR SOME FRONTAL  
CONVERGENCE TO OCCUR ACROSS THE ABOVE AREAS WITH THE GREATEST  
CONVECTIVE COVERAGE LIKELY TO BE WITHIN THE WARM SECTOR OF THE OHIO  
AND TENNESSEE VALLEY INTO THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES. PWAT ANOMALIES  
BETWEEN +2 AND +3 DEVIATIONS WILL BE PRESENT FOR MUCH OF THE CONUS  
SITUATED EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI LENDING TO A FAIRLY RICH  
ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE FOR MOIST CONVECTIVE CORES FROM THE GULF  
COAST UP TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION. THE REASONING FOR THE HEAVIER  
CONVECTIVE THREAT NORTH IS THE ADDED SHEARED PROFILES WITHIN THE  
BOUNDS OF THE WARM SECTOR CREATING BETTER MESOCYCLONE MATURITY AND  
STRONGER STORMS. ALL THIS TO SAY....HEAVY RAIN PROSPECTS FOR LONGER  
PERIODS MORE LIKELY WITHIN THE ZONE ENCOMPASSING THE TENNESSEE AND  
OHIO VALLEYS. CURRENT FORECAST TOTALS REGION-WIDE OVER THE  
SOUTHEAST UP INTO THE OHIO VALLEY ARE PRETTY CONSISTENT WITH AN  
AREAL AVERAGE BETWEEN 0.5 TO 1" WITH SOME LOCALLY ENHANCED TOTALS  
REACHING UPWARDS OF 2-2.5" IN THE HARDEST HIT LOCATIONS. GIVEN  
RAINFALL RATES PEAKING BETWEEN 1-1.5"/HR WHEN ASSESSING THE  
PROBABILISTIC OUTPUT OF BOTH THE NBM AND 00Z HREF, THERE'S A CAP ON  
THE HIGHER END POTENTIAL OF ANY FLASH FLOOD SCENARIO LEAVING THIS  
OVERALL THREAT IN THE BROAD MRGL RISK COVERAGE, AS INHERITED.  
 
THERE IS ANOTHER AREA OF INTEREST DOWN ACROSS THE RIO GRANDE  
EXTENDING FROM THE BIG BEND DOWN TO ABOUT LAREDO FOR TOMORROW  
EVENING AS A SHORTWAVE PERTURBATION EJECTS EAST OFF OF COAHUILA  
WITH SOME CONVECTION SPAWNING OVER THE SERRANIAS DEL BURRO. SOME OF  
THE CAMS ARE PRETTY SIGNIFICANT IN THE OVERALL CONVECTIVE  
DEVELOPMENT, BUT MUCH OF THE CAMS REACH THE END OF THEIR RUNS PRIOR  
TO THE ACTIVITY MAKING ITS WAY TOWARDS THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY. OTHER  
DETERMINISTIC AND ENSEMBLE BIAS CORRECTED MEANS TELL THE STORY IN  
FULL WITH SOME RESPECTABLE QPF OUTPUTS WITHIN THE ABOVE BOUNDS  
LEADING TO POTENTIALLY SOME LOCALIZED FLOODING WITHIN SOME OF THE  
URBANIZED ZONES BETWEEN DEL RIO DOWN TO LAREDO. CONSIDERING THE  
ENVIRONMENT TO BE FAVORABLE AND THIS SCENARIO HAVING A LONG HISTORY  
OF POTENTIAL, OPTED TO KEEP THE MRGL RISK FROM PREVIOUS FORECAST  
ISSUANCE TO OUTLINE THE THREAT FOR A QUICK 1-3" OF RAINFALL WITH  
LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS PLAUSIBLE PENDING COLD POOL CONVERGENCE  
EVOLUTIONS.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z FRI MAY 02 2025 - 12Z SAT MAY 03 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS MUCH OF  
CENTRAL TEXAS...  
 
A COLD FRONT PROGRESSION STEMMING FROM A TRAILING COLD FRONT AND  
PRESSING SURFACE HIGH OVER THE NORTHERN PLAINS WILL LEAD TO  
SIGNIFICANT LOW-LEVEL CONVERGENCE REGIME OVER CENTRAL TX BY FRIDAY  
AFTERNOON. RETURN FLOW AROUND THE WESTERN FLANK OF A BROAD SURFACE  
RIDGE POSITIONED OVER THE WESTERN ATLANTIC WILL REACH BACK TOWARDS  
THE SOUTHERN HALF OF TX LEADING TO A CONVERGENT PATTERN IN  
CONJUNCTION WITH SLOW-MOVING COLD FRONT MOVING NORTH TO SOUTH.  
MODELS HAVE BEEN STEADILY INCREASING PRECIP COVERAGE WITHIN THE  
CONFINES OF THE BOUNDARY ONCE IT MAKES HEADWAY INTO THE HILL  
COUNTRY OF THE LONE STAR STATE BY LATE-FRIDAY MORNING, CARRYING  
THROUGH THE REST OF THE PERIOD AS THE FRONT ENCOUNTERS HIGHER  
THETA_E AIRMASS WITHIN THE WESTERN PERIPHERY OF THAT SURFACE RIDGE.  
PWATS BETWEEN +1 AND +2 DEVIATIONS WILL BE PRESENT ONCE THE FRONT  
MAKES ITS PRESENCE ACROSS THE REGION, A SUFFICIENT ENVIRONMENT FOR  
DEEP MOIST CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE BOUNDARY  
AS IT SLOWLY MIGRATES SOUTH. ENSEMBLE MEANS HAVE UPPED PRECIP  
OUTPUT IN RECENT RUNS WITH A SOLID 1-2" AREAL AVERAGE NOW  
ENCOMPASSING A LARGE PORTION OF THE STATE FROM THE STOCKTON  
PLATEAU, EAST THROUGH HILL COUNTRY, THE I-35 CORRIDOR, ALL THE WAY  
BACK TOWARDS THE PINEY WOODS AREA OF EAST TX. FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT  
WITH LIKELY TRAINING ECHOES IN PROXY TO THE COLD FRONT WILL  
GENERATE LOCALLY ENHANCED QPF MAXIMA, ESPECIALLY WITHIN THE BOUNDS  
OF THE TERRAIN WHERE AN ADDED WEAK UPSLOPE COMPONENT COULD YIELD  
GREATEST RESULTS (3+" TOTALS). THE CONVERGENT PATTERN CAN BE SEEN  
AS FAR EAST AS THE SOUTHEASTERN CONUS, BUT THE GREATEST SURFACE  
FRONTOGENESIS SIGNAL IS SITUATED BACK OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS,  
SOUTH OF I-20.  
 
A SLGT RISK WAS ADDED ACROSS THE ABOVE AREA WITH A BROAD MRGL  
ENCOMPASSING THE HIGHER RISK AS SCATTERED CONVECTION WILL STILL BE  
PRESENT UP TOWARDS I-20 EXTENDING EAST THROUGH THE LOWER  
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY UP THROUGH NORTHERN AL AND EASTERN TN. WILL BE  
MONITORING THE SETUP CLOSELY AS THE SETUP WILL LIKELY BE MOST  
PROLIFIC WITHIN ONE OF THE FLASHIER AREAS OF THE COUNTRY.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA:  
HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
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