793  
FOUS30 KWBC 260057  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
857 PM EDT WED JUN 25 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 01Z THU JUN 26 2025 - 12Z THU JUN 26 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
NEW MEXICO, CENTRAL PLAINS, AND MIDWEST...  
   
..01Z UPDATE
 
 
WITH MUCH OF THE MARGINAL RISK AREAS LARGELY DRIVEN BY DIURNAL  
HEATING, THE AREAS WERE SHRUNKEN DOWN NOTICEABLY IN THE EAST AND  
IN ON THE NORTHERN FLANK OF THE MARGINAL RISK AREA IN THE UPPER  
MIDWEST. THE SLIGHT RISK IN THE UPPER MIDWEST WAS ALSO TRIMMED BACK  
ON THE NORTHERN FLANK AS THE BEST INSTABILITY AND FORCING NOW LIES  
FROM CENTRAL NEBRASKA ON EAST ACROSS THE MISSOURI RIVER AND INTO  
EASTERN IOWA. THE SLIGHT RISK THERE WAS ADJUSTED TO ACCOUNT FOR NEW  
18Z HREF PROBABILISTIC GUIDANCE, BUT THE METEOROLOGICAL RATIONALE  
FOR SUPPORTING THE SLIGHT RISK INTO TONIGHT REMAINS ON TRACK. ECMWF  
SATS FOR 06Z TONIGHT SHOW A RIBBON OF >99.5 CLIMATOLOGICAL  
PERCENTILE PWATS FROM THE CENTRAL NE/KS BORDER THAT EXTENDS EAST  
THROUGH SOUTHERN MN AND CENTRAL WI. THE SLIGHT RISK AREA IS ALSO  
LIKELY TO HAVE AS MUCH AS 1,000 J/KG OF MUCAPE AT ITS DISPOSAL  
AS A STEADFAST 30-40KT LLJ RUNS PARALLEL TO A NEARBY SURFACE  
TROUGH. THE SLIGHT RISK WAS MAINTAINED IN SOUTHERN NM AND FAR  
WESTERN TX GIVEN THE LINGERING THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY WILL LAST A  
LITTLE LONGER THAN THE STORMS IN THE EAST. LINGERING INSTABILITY  
AND ANOMALOUS MOISTURE MAY KEEP STORMS DEEPER INTO THE EVENING  
HOURS AS A RESULT.  
 
---PREVIOUS DISCUSSION---  
   
..16Z UPDATE
 
 
ONLY MINOR AREAL MODIFICATIONS WERE MADE TO BETTER FOCUS THE  
INHERITED SLIGHT RISK AREAS BASED ON THE LATEST 12Z GUIDANCE, WITH  
THE PRIOR FORECAST REMAINING ONTRACK OVERALL. THIS INCLUDED A  
WESTWARD SHIFT OF THE SLIGHT RISK OVER THE UPPER MIDWEST WHERE THE  
GREATER RISK LOOKS TO BE CLOSER TO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY  
RATHER THAN EASTWARD TOWARDS THE GREAT LAKES. STILL EXPECT THAT THE  
HIGHER-END THREAT WITHIN THE SLIGHT RISK EXISTS IN A CORRIDOR FROM  
THE CENTRAL MISSOURI VALLEY NORTHEASTWARD TOWARDS THE GREATER  
MINNEAPOLIS AREA, WHERE THE GREATEST CHANCE FOR RAINFALL TOTALS OF  
3-4", LOCALLY 5-6", EXISTS AND MAY LEAD TO MORE WIDESPREAD  
INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING. FOR NEW MEXICO/WEST TEXAS, THE LATEST  
GUIDANCE INDICATES THAT THE MORE FOCUSED, HIGHER-END THREAT WITHIN  
THE SLIGHT RISK HAS CONCENTRATED SOUTHWARD OVER SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW  
MEXICO (INCLUDING THE SACRAMENTO MOUNTAINS AND RUIDOSO BURN SCAR)  
AS WELL AS WESTERN TEXAS FROM GREATER EL PASO EASTWARD THROUGH THE  
GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS. THIS COVERS THE REGION WITH THE GREATEST  
POTENTIAL FOR RAINFALL TOTALS UPWARDS OF 2", LOCALLY 3".  
 
PUTNAM  
 
---OVERNIGHT DISCUSSION---  
   
..NEW MEXICO
 
 
DESPITE A BIT LESS AREAL COVERAGE ANTICIPATED FOR CONVECTION  
ACROSS NEW MEXICO FOR WEDNESDAY, SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL STILL  
CAUSE PROBLEMS AFTER DAYTIME INITIATION AS AMPLE HEATING DURING  
THE PRIME DESTABILIZATION WINDOW (16-21Z) WILL YIELD ANOTHER THREAT  
OF HEAVY RAINFALL ACROSS THE TERRAIN AND ADJACENT VALLEYS ACROSS  
NM. MAIN JET TO THE NORTH WILL LIFT OUT OF THE AREA ALLOWING FOR  
LESS OF A LARGE SCALE ASCENT PATTERN THAT COULD MAXIMIZE ANY  
CONVECTIVE PATTERN OVER THE REGION. REMNANT ELEVATED MOISTURE  
(PWATS) RUNNING BETWEEN 1-2 STANDARD DEVIATIONS ABOVE NORMAL ON  
THE WESTERN FLANK OF OUR RIDGE WILL STILL BE LOCATED ACROSS THE  
STATE LEAVING AN ENVIRONMENT CAPABLE OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN ANY  
CONVECTIVE CORES THAT DEVELOP. IMPACTS THE PREVIOUS PERIOD WERE  
FELT OVER A LARGE PORTION OF THE STATE LEADING TO GENERALLY LOWER  
FFG'S BISECTING MUCH OF THE AREA EXPECTED TO SEE A CHANCE FOR  
CONVECTION TODAY. LATEST HREF NEIGHBORHOOD PROBS FOR >3" ARE  
RUNNING PRETTY HIGH (50-70%) ACROSS PLACES LIKE EL PASO AND POINTS  
NORTH WITHIN PART OF THE SACRAMENTO'S, AN AREA WE HAVE HIGHLIGHTED  
THE PAST SEVERAL DAYS. MODEST PROBS (20-40%) FOR >3" EXTEND ALL  
THE WAY UP INTO THE SANGRE DE CRISTOS WITH SOME SMALLER RELATIVE  
MINS MIXED INTO THE AREAL COVERAGE. THIS IS MORE A TESTAMENT TO THE  
VALLEY/TERRAIN COMPONENTS LITTERED OVER THE STATE, SO NOT ALL AREAS  
WILL SEE IMPACTFUL RAINFALL WITH THIS CONVECTIVE EVOLUTION.  
 
THE SIGNAL IS SUFFICIENT ENOUGH TO WARRANT A BROAD SLGT RISK  
WITHIN THE STATE EXTENDING DOWN THROUGH FAR WEST TX GIVEN THE  
CURRENT CAMS INTERPRETATION OF SCATTERED HEAVY CONVECTION LIKELY TO  
IMPACT PORTIONS OF EL PASO AND HUDSPETH COUNTIES THROUGH PART OF  
THE PERIOD. SOME STRONG CELLS COULD EVEN DEVELOP ACROSS THE NM  
CAPROCK AS INFERRED BY A FEW HI-RES DETERMINISTIC, LIKELY DUE TO  
THE FAVORABLE INSTABILITY TONGUE POSITIONED OVER THE EASTERN SIDE  
OF THE STATE BEHIND A VACATING SURFACE TROUGH. HIGH END SLGT RISK  
IS FAVORED FOR AREAS ACROSS SOUTHERN NM UP THROUGH CENTRAL PORTION  
OF THE STATE WITH THE FAVORED AREAS LIKELY INCLUDING THE  
SACRAMENTO'S, SANGRE DE CRISTOS, AND AREAS WITHIN AND SURROUNDING  
EL PASO.  
   
..CENTRAL PLAINS TO MIDWEST
 
 
CONVECTIVE PATTERN ACROSS THE PLAINS AND MIDWEST AT THE END OF THE  
D1 WILL TRANSLATE NORTHWARD INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY WITH  
ORGANIZED CONVECTION OVER NE/IA AND SD/MN CONVERGING ALONG THE  
PROPAGATING WARM FRONT LEADING TO A SWATH OF HEAVY RAINFALL ACROSS  
MUCH OF THE SOUTHERN 1/3RD OF MN INTO WESTERN WI. BEGINNING TO SEE  
THE CAMS COME INTO BETTER AGREEMENT ON THE ANTICIPATED CONVECTIVE  
EVOLUTION WITH A DUAL QPF MAXIMA MOST LIKELY SITUATED OVER THE AREA  
BETWEEN ABERDEEN, SD TO MINNEAPOLIS WITH A CONSENSUS ON THE  
HEAVIEST PRECIP ALONG AND SOUTH OF I-94 IN MN WITH A BULLSEYE  
GENERALLY OVERHEAD OR VERY CLOSE TO MINNEAPOLIS PROPER. THE SECOND  
MAXIMA IS POSITIONED ACROSS NORTHEAST NE INTO NORTHERN IA TO THE  
SOUTHERN REACHES OF THE MN BORDER WHERE A MULTI-ROUND CONVECTIVE  
IMPACT FORECAST IS BEING DEPICTED IN GUIDANCE AS THE INITIAL ROUND  
IN THE MORNING WILL GIVE WAY TO A SHORT BREAK BEFORE REDEVELOPMENT  
OCCURS BACK ALONG THE FRONTAL POSITIONING BISECTING THE AREA. A  
STRONG IVT PULSE CURRENTLY ALIGNED FROM KS UP THROUGH EASTERN NE  
HAS HELPED PUSH PWATS CLOSER TO THE 99TH PERCENTILE AROUND OMAHA  
THIS EVENING WITH THE 00Z RAOB OUT OF KOAX DEPICTING A PWAT OF  
1.94", PUTTING THIS JUST BELOW THE DAILY CLIMATOLOGICAL MAX FOR THE  
DAY (25/00Z) AND WELL ABOVE THE 90TH PERCENTILE FOR NOT JUST THE  
PERIOD, BUT EVEN FOR THE SITES GENERAL HISTORICAL RECORD. THIS SAME  
AIRMASS IS WHAT'S PROGGED TO ADVECT NORTHEAST INTO MN AND WESTERN  
WI BY THE TIME WE REACH TOMORROW AFTERNOON, A SIGNAL THAT WOULD  
PRIME ANY CONVECTIVE IMPACTS TO LIKELY PROVIDE SOME PROLIFIC HEAVY  
RAIN CORES IN STRONGER CELLS IMPACTING THE REGION. WITH THE PROXY  
OF THE FRONT AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN PLACE, THERE'S AMPLE EVIDENCE  
THAT SOME AREAS ACROSS THE MIDWEST WILL SEE BETWEEN 3-6" WITH THE  
5-6" RANGE WITHIN REASON AS INFERRED BY MODEST >5" NEIGHBORHOOD  
PROBS (20-35%) IN THE LATEST HREF OUTPUT. THIS SAME SIGNAL IS  
SITUATED OVER THE TWO DEFINED MAXIMA IN GUIDANCE WITH THE >3"  
SIGNAL BETWEEN 50-80% FOR BOTH AREAS.  
 
CONSIDERING ALL OF THE ABOVE FACTORS AND RELATIVELY GOOD AGREEMENT  
WITHIN THE 00Z GUIDANCE THIS EVENING, THE PREVIOUS SLGT RISK WAS  
MAINTAINED AND LEANS TOWARDS A HIGHER END RISK WITH SOME PROSPECTS  
OF A TARGETED UPGRADE IN ANY OF THOSE OUTLINED FORECAST MAXIMA BY  
THE NEXT UPDATE. WIDESPREAD SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ARE NOT  
ANTICIPATED AT THIS TIME, BUT LOCALLY CONSIDERABLE FLASH FLOODING  
IS PLAUSIBLE IN THE SETUP. SLGT RISK EXTENDS INTO THE WESTERN GREAT  
LAKES ON THE EASTERN FLANK AND DOWN INTO SOUTHERN NE ON THE  
SOUTHWEST FLANK OF THE RISK WITH POTENTIALLY FOR WIDELY SCATTERED  
FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS AS CONVECTION IMPACTS BOTH AREAS DURING THE  
PERIOD.  
   
..MID ATLANTIC
 
 
THE NORTHERN FRINGE OF OUR POWERFUL RIDGE CENTERED OVER THE OHIO  
VALLEY AND MID ATLANTIC WILL BEGIN BREAKING DOWN THROUGH THE COURSE  
OF WEDNESDAY WITH AN INCREASE IN PWATS LIKELY TO ADVECT OVER THE  
AREA AS MOISTURE FINALLY, "ROUNDS THE BEND" OVER THE GREAT LAKES  
AND PUSHES INTO THE NORTHEAST CONUS. MEAN FLOW WILL SHIFT MORE  
NORTHWESTERLY BY THE TIME WE REACH THE AFTERNOON HRS WITH A  
SIGNIFICANTLY BUOYANT ENVIRONMENT IN PLACE AND GENERALLY LESS  
CAPPING AS OUR RIDGE WEAKENS. A FEW SMALL MID-LEVEL PERTURBATIONS  
ANALYZED OVER THE GREAT LAKES CURRENTLY WILL SWEEP SOUTHEASTWARD  
INTO PA BY MORNING AND EVENTUALLY CROSS OVER THE REGION BY PEAK  
DIURNAL MAXIMUM. THE COMBINATION OF A VERY BUOYANT ENVIRONMENT  
WITH FOCUSED ASCENT WILL LEAD TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT  
ACROSS MUCH OF PA, NORTHERN WV, AND INTO THE CENTRAL MID ATLANTIC  
DOMAIN WITH SIGHTS ON SOUTHERN NJ/MD/NORTHERN VA. MUCAPE BETWEEN  
2500-4000 J/KG ACROSS THE CENTRAL MID ATLANTIC AND A MAXIMA NEAR  
5000 J/KG OUT IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS WILL BE PLENTIFUL TO HELP  
BOOST CONVECTIVE MAGNITUDE AS CELLS DEVELOP AND MATURE ON THEIR  
WAY TO THE SOUTHEAST. CELL MOTION WILL THANKFULLY BE SOMEWHAT  
PROGRESSIVE LEADING TO A LOW PROSPECT FOR TRAINING. HOWEVER, PWATS  
RUNNING ~2 DEVIATIONS ABOVE NORMAL (1.8-2.1") ACROSS MUCH OF THE  
REGION WILL CERTAINLY BENEFIT HEAVY RAIN PROSPECTS WITH HOURLY  
RATES LIKELY TO SETTLE BETWEEN 1-2"/HR IN ANY GIVEN LOCATION WITH  
SOME STRONGER CORES POSSIBLY HITTING UPWARDS OF 2-3"/HR ON AVERAGE  
WITH HIGHER INTRA-HOUR RATES. A MRGL RISK REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR  
MUCH OF THE MID ATLANTIC WITH THE NORTHERN PERIPHERY OF THE RISK  
AREA AS FAR NORTH AS NY STATE WITH THE SOUTHERN EDGE DOWN INTO  
CENTRAL VA.  
   
..SOUTHEAST
 
 
A MIGRATING TUTT CELL OFF THE COAST OF FL WILL CONTINUE TO  
PROPAGATE WESTWARD AND PROVIDE FAVORABLE ASCENT WITHIN THE PROXY OF  
THE SOUTHEASTERN CONUS. UNSTABLE AIRMASS AND LARGE SCALE ASCENT  
WILL AID IN SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING ALL ACROSS THE SOUTH  
WITH THE HIGHEST THREAT OF HEAVY RAINFALL CENTERED OVER SOUTHERN NC  
DOWN THROUGH CENTRAL SC INTO SOUTHERN GA WHERE INSTABILITY (>3000  
J/KG OF SBCAPE) IS FORECAST TO BE HIGHEST. HEAVY RAINFALL OF  
2-3"/HR IS ANTICIPATED IN SOME OF THE STRONGER CONVECTIVE CORES  
LEADING TO ISOLATED FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS IN ANY URBANIZED  
SETTINGS. GIVEN THE MORE FOCUSED ASCENT PATTERN PROVIDED BY THE  
ADVANCING TUTT, THE THREAT SNEAKS INTO THE LOWER END OF THE MRGL  
RISK THRESHOLD, SO A BROAD MRGL WAS POSITIONED OVER MUCH OF THE  
SOUTHEAST TO COVER THE THREAT.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z THU JUN 26 2025 - 12Z FRI JUN 27 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDWEST AND NORTHERN GREAT LAKES...  
 
   
..2030Z UPDATE
 
 
MINIMAL AREAL ADJUSTMENTS WERE MADE TO THE SLIGHT RISK PREVIOUSLY  
INTRODUCED STRETCHING FROM THE CENTRAL PLAINS NORTHEASTWARD INTO  
THE UPPER MIDWEST/GREAT LAKES. NEWLY AVAILABLE HI-RES GUIDANCE  
THROUGH THE PERIOD MATCHES THE DEPICTED AREA QUITE WELL WITH THE  
ONLY CHANGES BEING A REDUCTION OF COVERAGE ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
MINNESOTA AS STORM COVERAGE HAS TIGHTENED IN VICINITY OF THE WARM  
FRONT, AND A SMALL SOUTHWEST EXTENSION ACROSS SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS  
WITH TRAILING CONVECTION ALONG THE INSTABILITY AXIS. LOCALLY HEAVY  
RAINFALL TOTALS OF 2-4" REMAIN PLAUSIBLE, THOUGH SOME OF THE  
GUIDANCE TENDS TO FAVOR ONE OR THE OTHER DUAL QPF MAXIMA NOTED IN  
THE PRIOR DISCUSSION, AND FUTURE RUNS MAY HELP EITHER SHIFT AND/OR  
BETTER FOCUS THE MOST NOTABLE POTENTIAL THREAT AREA. THE OTHER AREA  
OF NOTE IS THROUGH THE CENTRAL MID-ATLANTIC WHERE THE APPROACH OF  
A 'BACKDOOR' COLD FRONT MAY HELP TO FOCUS CONVECTION BETTER THAN  
DURING THE DAY 1 (WEDNESDAY) PERIOD AS SLOW-MOVING STORMS DEVELOP  
BOTH AHEAD OF THE FRONT WITH DAYTIME HEATING AS WELL AS ALONG THE  
APPROACHING FRONT. HOWEVER, NEWLY AVAILABLE HI-RES GUIDANCE/QPF  
INDICATE STORMS WILL REMAIN WIDELY SCATTERED ENOUGH FOR NOW THAT  
THE FLASH FLOOD THREAT SHOULD STILL BE ISOLATED.  
 
PUTNAM  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION
 
 
   
..CENTRAL PLAINS INTO GREAT LAKES
 
 
THE FINAL SHORTWAVE IN THE PROGRESSION BLEEDING OVER FROM THE  
PREVIOUS D1 TIME FRAME WILL CONTINUE PUSHING NORTHEAST BEFORE  
FINALLY VACATING THE UPPER MIDWEST LATER ON THURSDAY. HEAVY RAIN  
THREAT WILL CONTINUE OVER PARTS OF MN AND WI BEFORE EVENTUALLY  
IMPACTING THE WESTERN U.P. OF MICHIGAN BEFORE ITS DEPARTURE.  
INSTABILITY ACROSS THE REGION WILL BE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN  
PREVIOUS DAYS WITH THE WARM FRONT BECOMING STATIONARY PRIOR TO  
REACHING THE SOUTHERN SHORES OF LAKE SUPERIOR. THE THREAT FOR FLASH  
FLOODING IS MOST NOTABLY IN THE FIRST 6-12 HR WINDOW OF THE  
FORECAST WITH A SHARP DECLINE IN THE THREAT AFTERWARDS AS THE  
PATTERN SHIFTS WITH THE RIDGE EXPECTED TO BE BREAKING DOWN. 1-2"  
WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS (UPWARDS OF 4") WILL ALLOW FOR FLASH  
FLOODING IN ANY AREA FROM IA UP THROUGH MN/WI, ESPECIALLY IN PLACES  
WHERE SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL HAS OCCURRED IN PRIOR PERIODS. A  
SECONDARY MAXIMA IS FORECAST ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS  
DOWN AROUND KS/NORTHWEST MO AS A SURFACE LOW OVER THE NORTHERN  
PLAINS MIGRATES EASTWARD AND DRAGS A COLD FRONT ACROSS THE PLAINS  
AND ADJACENT MIDWESTERN AREAS. GUIDANCE HAS BEEN KEYING ON A  
SECONDARY QPF MAXIMA LOCATED WITHIN THAT CORRIDOR AS THUNDERSTORMS  
FORM ALONG A DEFINED INSTABILITY AXIS WITH MID-LEVEL ASCENT  
AVAILABILITY FROM A TRAILING SHORTWAVE OVER THE REGION AND SOME  
MARGINAL CONVERGENCE AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT TO THE NORTH AND  
NORTHWEST. LOCALLY 2-4" ARE POSSIBLE IN THIS REGION, AN AREA THAT  
HAS HAD THE BENEFIT OF MULTIPLE HEAVY RAIN INSTANCES THE PAST  
48HRS. A BROAD SLGT RISK REMAINS IN PLACE OVER THE NORTHERN GREAT  
LAKES AND UPPER MIDWEST, NOW EXTENDING BACK INTO PARTS OF THE  
CENTRAL PLAINS TO COVER FOR THE ADDITIONAL THREAT TRAILING THE  
SURFACE REFLECTION.  
   
..NEW MEXICO
 
 
ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE SACRAMENTO'S AND  
ADJACENT DESERT WILL MAINTAIN AT LEAST SOME THREAT FOR FLASH  
FLOODING GIVEN WET ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS FOLLOWING PREVIOUS MULTI-  
DAY CONVECTIVE IMPACT IN PRIOR PERIODS. COVERAGE AND INTENSITY OF  
CONVECTION WILL BE LESS THAN PREVIOUS DAYS AS WE LOSE THE BENEFIT  
OF THE RER JET DYNAMICS THAT HAVE ASSISTED IN THE RECENT DAYS.  
STILL, REMNANT ELEVATED MOISTURE AND SUFFICIENT BUOYANCY WITHIN  
THE CONFINES OF FAR WEST TX UP THROUGH SOUTHERN AND EASTERN NM WILL  
MAINTAIN A POSTURE OF DIURNALLY DRIVEN THUNDERSTORMS WITH LOCALLY  
HEAVY RAINFALL ACROSS THE ABOVE AREAS. HEAVIEST THUNDERSTORMS WILL  
BE CAPABLE OF 1-2" WITH THE PEAK QPF MAX PROBABLY CLOSER TO 3" AS  
NOTED BY MODEST HREF NEIGHBORHOOD PROBABILITIES FOR >3" WITH A  
DECLINE TO 0% FOR >5". THE PREVIOUS MRGL RISK WAS MAINTAINED AND  
EXPANDED TO ENCOMPASS AREAS THAT WILL BE AT HIGHEST RISK FOR FLASH  
FLOODING DUE TO THE ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS AND POTENTIAL  
THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY.  
   
..MID ATLANTIC
 
 
DISTURBANCE ROUNDING THE NORTHERN PERIPHERY OF OUR MASSIVE RIDGE  
WILL ULTIMATELY SLIDE DOWN THROUGH THE MID ATLANTIC DURING THE  
MID TO LATE-AFTERNOON HRS. ON THURSDAY. THE COMBINATION OF STRONG  
DIURNAL DESTABILIZATION DURING THE DAYTIME AND PROMINENT MOISTURE  
LINGERING OVER THE AREA WILL CREATE A VERY BUOYANT ENVIRONMENT  
CAPABLE OF STRONG THUNDERSTORM GENESIS ANYWHERE FROM NY STATE DOWN  
THROUGH THE CENTRAL MID ATLANTIC INCLUDING; MD/PA/DE/NORTHERN WV  
AND VA. THE KEY TO THIS SETUP COMPARED TO THE D1 PERIOD WILL BE A  
TARGETED FOCUS WITHIN THE CONFINES OF COLD FRONT PRESSING SOUTHWARD  
OUT OF THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING.  
HIGH PRESSURE OVER NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND INTO QUEBEC WILL ACT AS A  
FORCING MECHANISM TO PROPEL THE FRONT WITH A WEDGED SIGNATURE  
OCCURRING EAST OF THE APPALACHIAN FRONT. CONCERN IS FOR  
THUNDERSTORM GENESIS ALONG THE BOUNDARY, BUT A SETUP CONDUCIVE FOR  
EVENTUAL BACK-BUILDING ALONG THE FRONT AS IT MIGRATES INTO NORTHERN  
VA AND WILL HIT A WALL IN ITS PROGRESSION. GUIDANCE HAS INCREASED  
AREA MAXIMUM WITHIN THE QPF OUTPUT WITH SOME LOCAL SPOTS SEEING  
2-4" OVER PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL MID ATLANTIC, MAINLY SOUTH OF THE  
PA TURNPIKE DOWN INTO THE NORTHERN SHENANDOAH AND POINTS EAST,  
INCLUDING THE DC/BALT METRO. THESE HEAVIER RETURNS WILL BE MORE  
ISOLATED IN COVERAGE, BUT COULD STILL PROVIDE LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT  
IMPACTS IF OVER THE WRONG AREA. FOR NOW, HAVE MAINTAINED THE MRGL  
RISK, BUT A TARGETED SLGT RISK COULD BE ADDED OVER PARTS OF THE  
REGION IF THE SIGNAL BECOMES MORE CONCRETE ON WHERE THE HEAVIEST  
PRECIP WILL ALIGN.  
   
..SOUTHEAST
 
 
SCATTERED TO WIDELY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE  
SOUTHEASTERN CONUS WILL YIELD SOME HEAVY RAINFALL PROSPECTS DURING  
THE DAY THURSDAY WITH A DECAY IN COVERAGE ONCE WE LOSE DIURNAL  
HEATING. THE MAIN AREAS OF INTEREST WILL LIE ALONG THE TERRAIN  
IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS AND ALONG THE GULF COAST WHERE THE  
REMNANTS OF A MIGRATING TUTT CELL WILL MAINTAIN A FOCAL POINT FOR  
HEAVY CONVECTIVE PROSPECTS DURING THE PERIOD. BEST THREAT FOR ANY  
FLASH FLOODING WILL BE TIED TO THE COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY AND URBAN  
SETTINGS WHERE RUNOFF CAPABILITIES ARE HIGHEST. RELATIVELY MODEST  
HREF PROBS FOR >3" (20-35%) DURING THE 12-00Z TIME FRAME ON D2 ARE  
LITTERED OVER THE SOUTHEAST LEADING TO A BROAD MRGL RISK TO COVER  
FOR ALL THE LOCAL THREATS. THE RISK LIES WITHIN THE LOWER END OF  
THE THRESHOLD AND SOME ADJUSTMENTS ARE POSSIBLE PENDING CAMS  
CONJECTURE.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z FRI JUN 27 2025 - 12Z SAT JUN 28 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...  
   
..2030Z UPDATE
 
 
THE FORECAST FOR A FOCUSED CORRIDOR OF HEAVY RAINFALL ASSOCIATED  
WITH AN MCS AND TRAILING CONVECTION CROSSING FROM SOUTHEASTERN  
CANADA INTO PORTIONS OF UPDATE NEW YORK/NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND  
REMAINS ON TRACK. WHILE THERE ARE EXPECTEDLY SOME VARIANCES ON THE  
POSSIBLE MCS PATH WHICH ADD SOME EAST-WEST UNCERTAINTY, ALL  
GUIDANCE IS STILL IN GOOD AGREEMENT THAT THE TRACK WILL CLIP AREAS  
SOUTH OF THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER BRINGING AN ATTENDANT FLASH FLOOD  
THREAT. DETERMINISTIC GUIDANCE INDICATES THE POTENTIAL OF RAINFALL  
TOTALS BETWEEN 2-4", WITH ENSEMBLE PROBABILITIES OF 2"+ BETWEEN  
25-35%. A MODEST EASTWARD ADJUSTMENT OF THE SLIGHT RISK AREA WAS  
ADDED BASED ON THESE LATEST ENSEMBLE PROBABILITIES. ELSEWHERE,  
PRIOR FORECAST HAS REMAINED CONSISTENT.  
 
PUTNAM  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION
 
 
   
..NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND
 
 
A STRONG SHORTWAVE ORIGINATING FROM THE MIDWEST THE PERIOD PRIOR IS  
FORECAST TO CROSS THROUGH THE GREAT LAKES AND CONTINUE MIGRATING  
INTO SOUTHEASTERN CANADA AS WE ENTER D3. A SURFACE LOW WILL BE MOVING  
EAST-NORTHEAST THROUGH THE LAKES INTO NEIGHBORING ONTARIO PROVINCE  
BY FRIDAY AFTERNOON WHICH WILL AID IN REGIONAL ASCENT AND A  
STRENGTHENING LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE REGIME TIED EVOLVING SYNOPTIC  
PATTERN ACROSS CANADA AND THE NORTHEASTERN U.S. ASSESSMENT OF THE  
THETA_E FIELD SIGNALS A SHARP NORTHERN GRADIENT WITHIN THE  
INSTABILITY REGIME AS SURFACE RIDGING DOWNSTREAM AND WARM FRONTAL  
APPROACH ON THE LEAD SIDE OF THE LOW WILL CREATE QUITE A THERMAL  
GRADIENT ACROSS ONTARIO/SOUTHERN QUEBEC, EXTENDING INTO NORTHERN  
NEW ENGLAND. THIS WILL LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR AN ANTICIPATED  
DEVELOPMENT OF AN MCS UPSTREAM OVER ONTARIO IN CONJUNCTION TO THE  
SHORTWAVE ARRIVAL AND AIDED LARGE SCALE ASCENT WITHIN THE TAIL END  
OF A JET STREAK EXITING OVER QUEBEC INTO ME. THE PROGRESSION OF  
THE MCS WILL BE IMPORTANT TO DISCERN AS THE COMPLEX WILL LIKELY  
SPUR A THREAT OF HEAVY RAINFALL, AND CERTAINLY SOME PROSPECTS OF  
BACK-BUILDING ALONG THE FLANKING SIDE OF THE DISTURBANCE WITHIN THE  
THERMAL GRADIENT OUTLINED. MODELS ARE RIGHT ON THE EDGE IN A  
MAJORITY OF CASES FOR SIGNIFICANT RAINS TO IMPACT NY NORTH COUNTRY  
OVER INTO NORTHERN VT AS THEY WILL BE CLOSEST THE COMPLEX ON ITS  
PROGRESSION, AND LIE RIGHT ALONG THAT THERMAL GRADIENT IN PLACE.  
ENSEMBLE BIAS CORRECTION THIS EVENING IS EXTREMELY BULLISH IN ITS  
PRESENTATION, A LOT LIKELY OWED TO AN AGGRESSIVE 00Z GFS OUTPUT,  
BUT EVEN OTHER GUIDANCE IS RELATIVELY CLOSE WITH SOME IMPRESSIVE  
TOTALS LOCATED ALONG AND JUST NORTH OF THE BORDER. ECMWF AIFS ML  
GUIDANCE IS RIGHT WITHIN THE MEDIAN OUTCOME WITH THE HEAVIEST  
CENTERED RIGHT AT THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER WITH THE HEAVIEST PRECIP  
JUST TO THE NORTH. GIVEN SOME OF THE SENSITIVITIES IN THE AREA OVER  
NORTHERN VT INTO NORTH COUNTRY, AND IN COORDINATION WITH THE LOCAL  
BURLINGTON WFO, A SMALL SLGT RISK HAS BEEN ADDED OVER THE  
AFOREMENTIONED AREA TO COVER FOR THE THREAT. IF TRENDS FOR THE  
HEAVIER PRECIP END UP SHIFTING NORTH, A REMOVAL IS POSSIBLE, BUT  
CONSIDERING THE POTENTIAL, THE HIGHER RISK WAS ADDED TO AID  
MESSAGING AND CORRELATE WITH THE LATEST ENSEMBLE MEANS.  
   
..NORTHERN PLAINS
 
 
A QUICK MOVING SHORTWAVE ACROSS THE NORTH-CENTRAL TIER OF THE CONUS  
WILL LEAD TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY CAPABLE OF LOCALLY  
HEAVY RAINFALL AND FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS. THE BEST THREAT WILL BE  
OVER NORTHERN ND INTO THE RED RIVER AREA WHERE SOME URBANIZED ZONES  
WILL HAVE A GREATER THREAT FOR FLASH FLOODING. A QUICK 1-3" IS  
LIKELY ANYWHERE OVER CENTRAL ND INTO NORTHWEST MN. THIS THREAT IS  
WITHIN THE LOWER END OF THE MRGL RISK THRESHOLD AND WILL BE  
MONITORED CLOSELY TO SEE IF THE RISK IS WARRANTED, OR NEEDS ANY  
EXPANSION.  
   
..WEST TEXAS INTO NEW MEXICO
 
 
CONTINUED THREAT OF WIDELY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS FAR WEST  
TX INTO NM WILL ALLOW FOR ISOLATED FLASH FLOOD CONCERNS OVER AREAS  
THAT WILL HAVE SEEN SEVERAL DAYS OF HEAVY CONVECTIVE IMPACTS WITH  
COMPROMISED FFG'S. LOCAL 1-2" IS POSSIBLE IN THE PERIOD WITH THE  
HIGHEST THREAT LIKELY OVER THE SACRAMENTO'S DOWN THROUGH THE  
GUADALUPE MTNS. AND ADJACENT VALLEYS. A MRGL RISK WAS MAINTAINED TO  
COVER FOR THE THREAT.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 
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