946  
FOUS30 KWBC 271927  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
327 PM EDT FRI JUN 27 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 16Z FRI JUN 27 2025 - 12Z SAT JUN 28 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...  
   
..CENTRAL APPALACHIANS  
 
A MORE FOCUSED THUNDERSTORM/HEAVY RAINFALL THREAT IS EXPECTED  
THROUGH THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS TODAY AS VERY MOIST FLOW INTERACTS  
WITH THE TERRAIN AHEAD OF A 'BACK-DOOR' COLD FRONT PASSING THROUGH  
THE MID-ATLANTIC THAT WILL BECOME QUASI-STATIONARY THROUGHOUT THE  
DAY. OF PARTICULAR CONCERN IS THE PROSPECT SUGGESTED BY SOME OF THE  
12Z HI-RES GUIDANCE (HRRR AND HREF) THAT INITIAL STORMS OVER PARTS  
OF WESTERN MARYLAND/WEST VIRGINA PANHANDLE/NORTHWESTERN VIRGINIA  
WILL CLUSTER/ORGANIZE AND MOVE SLOWLY SOUTHWARD ALONG THE  
INSTABILITY GRADIENT AHEAD OF THE STALLING FRONT. UPDATED 12Z HREF  
PROBABILITIES ARE BETWEEN 40-60% FOR RAINFALL OF 3"+, WITH A  
FOCUSED AREA OF 20-30% OF 5"+ ACROSS THE WEST VIRGINIA PANHANDLE.  
EFFICIENT RAINFALL RATES OF 1-2.5" PER HOUR CAN BE EXPECTED GIVEN  
PWATS UPWARDS OF 2" PER 12Z PBZ SOUNDING. MUCH OF THIS REGION  
REMAINS MORE SENSITIVE TO ADDITIONAL RAINFALL NOT ONLY DUE TO THE  
TYPICAL TERRAIN IMPACTS BUT A NUMBER OF RECENT HEAVY RAINFALL  
EVENTS KEEPING FFGS LOW, WITH SCATTERED TO POTENTIALLY NUMEROUS  
INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING POSSIBLE.  
   
..NORTHERN NY-NEW ENGLAND  
 
THE SUITE OF 12Z OPERATIONAL MODELS AND ENSEMBLE RUNS CONTINUES A  
TREND STARTED DURING THE DAY ON THURSDAY OF SHIFTING THE FOCUS FOR  
HEAVY RAINFALL TO REMAIN NORTH OF THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER. EVEN  
THOUGH THERE ARE SOME VARIANCES ON THE POSSIBLE MCS PATH WHICH  
COULD STILL RESULT IN AN MCS CLIPPING THE NORTHERN PORTION OF NEW  
YORK AND NEW ENGLAND...IT SHOULD FALL IN A REGION WHERE FLASH FLOOD  
GUIDANCE IS HIGHER THAN ADJACENT AREAS SO THE SLIGHT RISK WAS  
REMOVED AND THE MARGINAL RISK AREA WAS REMOVED FROM THE UPPER  
HUDSON VALLEY AND SOUTHWARD.  
   
..SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND SOUTHEAST  
 
ANOTHER TYPICAL SUMMER DAY OF SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS IS EXPECTED  
BROADLY FROM THE SOUTHEAST THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND WEST  
ALONG A SURFACE TROUGH THROUGH THE SOUTHERN PLAINS GIVEN SEASONABLE  
INSTABILITY WITH DAYTIME HEATING AND A PASSING UPPER- WAVE. PULSE-  
TYPE THUNDERSTORMS WILL HAVE THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE QUICK EFFICIENT  
BURSTS OF HEAVY RAINFALL (1-3") AND THE RISK FOR SOME MOSTLY  
ISOLATED URBAN FLOODING, ESPECIALLY WHERE ANY STORMS  
DEVELOP/CONGEAL ALONG RESIDUAL OUTFLOWS.  
   
..NORTHERN PLAINS  
 
A QUICK MOVING SHORTWAVE ACROSS THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL TIER OF  
THE CONUS WILL LEAD TO THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY CAPABLE OF LOCALLY  
HEAVY RAINFALL, ESPECIALLY IF CONVECTION CAN GROW UPSCALE INTO A  
MORE ORGANIZED MCS AS INDICATED BY SOME OF THE 12Z HI-RES MODEL  
GUIDANCE. HOWEVER, PROSPECTS FOR FLASH FLOODING STILL SEEM TO BE  
LIMITED GIVEN THE PROGRESSIVE NATURE OF THE SHORTWAVE  
TROUGH/POSSIBLE MCS. A QUICK 1-3+" IS LIKELY ANYWHERE OVER PARTS OF  
THE EASTERN DAKOTAS AND ACROSS CENTRAL MINNESOTA.  
   
..WEST TEXAS INTO NEW MEXICO  
 
CONTINUED THREAT OF WIDELY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS FAR WEST  
TEXAS INTO NEW MEXICO AGAIN OVER AN AREA THAT WILL HAVE SEEN  
SEVERAL DAYS OF HEAVY CONVECTIVE IMPACTS WITH COMPROMISED FLASH  
FLOOD GUIDANCE. LOCAL 1- TO 2-INCH AMOUNTS ARE POSSIBLE IN THE  
PERIOD WITH THE HIGHEST THREAT LIKELY OVER THE SACRAMENTO'S DOWN  
THROUGH THE GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS AND ADJACENT VALLEYS. A MARGINAL  
RISK WAS MAINTAINED TO COVER FOR THE THREAT.  
 
PUTNAM/BANN  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z SAT JUN 28 2025 - 12Z SUN JUN 29 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST, THE NORTHEAST, AND SOUTH-  
CENTRAL NEW MEXICO...  
   
..NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST  
 
NEXT APPROACHING UPPER SHORTWAVE TROUGH, WITH A 90KT UPPER LEVEL  
JET STREAK ON THE LEE SIDE, WILL GENERATE A COMPACT AREA OF FAIRLY  
ROBUST, TRANSIENT DEEP-LAYER FORCING OVER THE OUTLOOK AREA INTO  
SATURDAY NIGHT. MUCAPES ARE EXPECTED TO SOAR WITHIN THE WARM SECTOR  
PRIOR TO THE SURFACE COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE. GIVEN PRECIPITABLE  
WATER VALUES GETTING NEAR 1.75 INCHES...STORMS WHICH FORM WITHIN  
THE UNSTABLE AIRMASS WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING RAINFALL RATES IN  
EXCESS OF 1 INCH PER HOUR AND AREAL AVERAGE RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 1  
TO 3 INCHES...ESPECIALLY ONCE LOW- LEVEL INFLOW ACCELERATES TO  
BETWEEN 30 KTS AND 40KTS AT 850 MB AHEAD OF THE APPROACHING FRONT  
WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR UPSCALE/ORGANIZED GROWTH INTO ONE OR MORE  
MCSS. THE STORM/MESOSCALE NATURE OF THE THREAT LEADS TO UNCERTAINTY  
OF A MORE FOCUSED CORRIDOR OF HIGHER RISK, BUT A SLIGHT RISK MAY  
BE NECESSARY PARTICULARLY OVER THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY IF  
TRENDS REMAIN CONSISTENT IN THE GUIDANCE.  
   
..NORTHEAST  
 
THERE CONTINUES TO BE AN INCREASING CONCERN FOR HEAVY TO  
POTENTIALLY EXCESSIVE RAINFALL TO DEVELOP ACROSS WESTERN  
PENNSYLVANIA AND SURROUNDING AREAS AS THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY SAGS  
SOUTHWARD AND TAPS INTO THE POOLED PW VALUES OF 1.5-2". THE LATEST  
MODEL GUIDANCE ARE SHOWING LOCAL MAXIMUMS UPWARDS OF 2 INCHES  
POSSIBLE AND THE ERO FIRST GUESS SUPPORTS EXPANDING THE MARGINAL  
RISK FROM EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA FURTHER WEST INTO EASTERN OHIO, WEST  
VIRGINIA AND WESTERN MARYLAND. FURTHER NORTH, WIDESPREAD  
CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY ACROSS SOUTHEASTERN CANADA NORTH OF THE WARM  
FRONT LOOKS TO MOVE INTO PORTIONS OF NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND. WHILE  
GUIDANCE INDICATES THE POTENTIAL FOR 1-2" OF RAINFALL TOTALS ACROSS  
THE REGION, THE LESS ROBUST CONVECTION ON THE NORTHERN SIDE OF THE  
FRONT SHOULD KEEP ANY FLOODING ISSUES ISOLATED.  
 
...SOUTHEAST TO THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND ADJACENT SOUTHERN  
PLAINS...  
 
SIMILAR TO DAY 1, SCATTERED PULSE THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED  
ACROSS A BROAD WARM SECTOR AS SEASONABLE INSTABILITY DEVELOPS WITH  
DAYTIME HEATING FROM THE SOUTHEAST WEST THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI  
VALLEY AND INTO THE ADJACENT SOUTHERN PLAINS. HIGH PRECIPITABLE  
WATER VALUES (~2", 2 STANDARD DEVIATIONS ABOVE THE MEAN) WILL ONCE  
AGAIN LEAD TO HIGHLY EFFICIENT RAIN RATES OF 1-2" PER HOUR,  
POSSIBLY AS HIGH AS 3" PER HOUR, WHICH IS MORE THAN ENOUGH TO LEAD  
TO ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING CONCERNS DESPITE THE GENERALLY LIMITED  
THUNDERSTORM DURATION.  
   
..NEW MEXICO  
 
YET ANOTHER DAY OF THUNDERSTORMS IS EXPECTED ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO AND WEST TEXAS WITH LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL  
(1-2") POSSIBLE. QPF TRENDS (COVERAGE, INTENSITY) ARE MORE ISOLATED  
COMPARED TO DAY 1 WITH THE MOIST SOUTH TO SOUTHEAST LOW-LEVEL  
UPSLOPE FLOW LIKELY RESULTING IN MORE LOCALIZED AREAS OF HEAVIER  
RAINFALL FOCUSED ACROSS THE SACRAMENTO AND GUADALUPE MTNS SOUTH  
THROUGH THE TRANS-PECOS. THE FLASH FLOOD POTENTIAL IS EXPECTED TO  
REMAIN ISOLATED.  
 
PUTNAM/BANN  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z SUN JUN 29 2025 - 12Z MON JUN 30 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXTENDING OVER  
PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES...  
 
THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES FROM THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES SOUTH  
THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND WEST INTO THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN  
PLAINS AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED  
BOTH ALONG AND WELL-AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT AND TRAILING SURFACE  
TROUGH/DRYLINE AS AN UPPER-LEVEL TROUGH APPROACHES FROM THE WEST.  
MECHANISMS TO HELP FOCUS CONVECTION BECOMES LESS DEFINED AHEAD OF  
THE FRONT BUT DETERMINISTIC GUIDANCE INDICATES WIDELY SCATTERED  
RAINFALL TOTALS OF 1-3" ARE POSSIBLE IN AN ATMOSPHERE CHARACTERIZED  
BY PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES IN EXCESS OF 1.5 INCHES OVER ALL BUT  
THE PLAINS NEAR THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES TO IN EXCESS OF 2  
INCHES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. SURFACE WAVES ALONG THE FRONT MAY  
HELP TO FOCUS/ORGANIZE CONVECTION AND LEAD TO A MORE CONCENTRATED  
THREAT. THIS IS SUPPORTED BY LOCALIZED MAXIMA IN THE ENSEMBLE  
MEANS/PROBABILITIES IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS/MISSOURI VALLEY TO THE  
UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY REGION, BUT WITH LOW CONFIDENCE IN EXACT  
LOCATION AT THIS POINT. THEREFORE, A BROAD MARGINAL RISK HAS BEEN  
MAINTAINED FOR NOW.  
 
PUTNAM/BANN  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
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