546  
FOUS30 KWBC 300055  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
855 PM EDT SUN JUN 29 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 01Z MON JUN 30 2025 - 12Z MON JUN 30 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PARTS OF THE  
CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...  
 
01Z UPDATE...  
ADJUSTMENTS MADE TO THE PREVIOUS OUTLOOK AREAS WERE BASED LARGELY  
ON CURRENT OBSERVATIONS AND RADAR TRENDS. THIS INCLUDED THE SLIGHT  
RISK AREA OVER THE CENTRAL PLAINS, WHICH WAS SHIFTED A LITTLE  
FURTHER SOUTH AND PULLED WEST BACK INTO PORTIONS OF NORTHEASTERN  
OKLAHOMA AND EASTERN KANSAS. RADAR SHOWS CONVECTION DEVELOPING  
ALONG THE WESTERN FLANK OF THE OUTFLOW ASSOCIATED WITH CONVECTION  
THE DEVELOPED EARLIER OVER MISSOURI. HIGH INSTABILITY AND DEEP  
MOISTURE, SUPPORTED BY SOUTHERLY FLOW INTO THE BOUNDARY MAY SUPPORT  
A GROWING HEAVY RAINFALL THREAT THAT IS NOT WELL ADVERTISED BY THE  
GUIDANCE. THIS MAY BECOME THE GREATER HEAVY RAINFALL/FLASH FLOOD  
THREAT, AT LEAST IN THE NEAR TERM, AS GUIDANCE DOES NOT PROVIDE A  
STRONG INDICATION THAT CONVECTION DEVELOPING OVER THE HIGH PLAINS  
THIS EVENING WILL PROPAGATE EAST BACK INTO THE SAME AREAS OVER  
EASTERN KANSAS AND MISSOURI IMPACTED EARLIER BY HEAVY RAINFALL.  
 
PEREIRA  
 
PREVIOUS DISCUSSION...  
LATE-JUNE WEATHER PATTERN REMAINS IN PLACE  
WITH WIDELY SCATTERED SHOWERS/STORMS AND ISOLATED CHANCES FOR FLASH  
FLOODING WITHIN THE WARM AND HUMID AIRMASS SPANNING FROM THE  
CENTRAL U.S. TO THE SOUTHEAST AND MID-ATLANTIC. SHOWERS AND  
THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED BOTH ALONG AND WELL- AHEAD OF A COLD  
FRONT SINKING SOUTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST,  
A STATIONARY BOUNDARY EXTENDING FROM THE MID-ATLANTIC TO THE GREAT  
LAKES, AS WELL AS ASSOCIATED WITH DIURNAL MONSOON ACTIVITY ACROSS  
THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES AND ADJACENT HIGH PLAINS.  
 
CURRENT RADAR AND SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS CONTINUED THUNDERSTORM  
ACTIVITY FROM OVERNIGHT ACROSS THE EASTERN CENTRAL PLAINS AND INTO  
THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, PRODUCING MOSTLY ISOLATED FLOODING  
CONCERNS AND FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS ONGOING ACROSS CENTRAL MO. WITH  
MODELS SHOWING RENEWED CONVECTION LATER TODAY AND TONIGHT ACROSS  
WESTERN MISSOURI/EASTERN KANSAS THAT EXTENDS NORTHWARD INTO  
PORTIONS IF IOWA...THE SLIGHT RISK WAS MAINTAINED. THIS RENEWED  
CONVECTION IS FORECAST TO BE DRIVEN BY A SINKING COLD FRONT AND  
DIVING UPPER TROUGH OVER THE NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.. PRECIPITABLE  
WATER VALUES APPROACHING 2" AND NEAR THE 90TH CLIMATOLOGICAL  
PERCENTILE WILL PROVIDE THE OPPORTUNITY FOR INTENSE RAINFALL RATES  
SCATTERED 2-4" RAINFALL TOTALS BETWEEN PARTS OF KS, MO, SOUTHERN NE  
AND SOUTHERN IA. HOWEVER, GIVEN THIS EVENT IS WITHIN 12 HOURS  
THERE REMAINS RATHER LARGE UNCERTAINTY WITHIN CAMS ON CONVECTIVE  
INITIATION AND SOME MAY BE PICKING UP ON MORNING CONVECTION LAYING  
AN OUTFLOW BOUNDARY FARTHER SOUTH AND LIMITING NORTHWARD  
DEVELOPMENT THIS EVENING ACROSS NE AND SOUTHERN IA OR POTENTIALLY  
DELAYING IT UNTIL LATE TONIGHT. EITHER WAY, WHERE HEAVY RAIN DOES  
OVERLAP WITH RECENTLY SATURATED SOILS, SCATTERED FLASH FLOODING IS  
POSSIBLE.  
 
ELSEWHERE WITHIN THE WARM SECTOR ACROSS THE MID-SOUTH, MID-  
ATLANTIC, SOUTHEAST, AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES/HIGH PLAINS, TYPICAL  
SUMMER THUNDERSTORMS EXHIBITING SCATTERED AND A PULSE MODE ARE  
LIKELY. THESE STORMS MAY CONTAIN BRIEFLY VERY INTENSE RAINFALL  
RATES, BUT SEE UPDRAFTS COLLAPSE QUICKLY AND BECOME OUTFLOW  
DEPENDENT. WHERE CONVECTIVE CLUSTERS MERGE OR LINGER NEAR A  
STATIONARY FRONT DRAPED ACROSS THE MID-ATLANTIC AND SENSITIVE  
TERRAIN OF THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS, ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING IS  
POSSIBLE. AS ALWAYS, SHOULD THESE INTENSE AND HARD TO PINPOINT  
TROPICAL DOWNPOURS OCCUR OVER HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS, FLOODING  
IMPACTS COULD BECOME MORE IMPACTFUL.  
 
SNELL  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z MON JUN 30 2025 - 12Z TUE JUL 01 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
NEW MEXICO AND WESTERN TEXAS...  
 
A SLIGHT RISK WAS INTRODUCED ACROSS NEW MEXICO AND INTO WESTERN  
TEXAS WITH TODAY'S UPDATE. THE DRIVING FACTOR BEHIND THE SCATTERED  
FLASH FLOOD THREAT WILL BE A FRONTAL BOUNDARY DROPPING SOUTH INTO  
THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES. THIS FRONT WILL SUPPLY  
MOIST EASTERLY FLOW INTO THE COMPLEX TERRAIN OF THE SOUTHERN  
ROCKIES AND PROVIDE GREATER COVERAGE OF THUNDERSTORMS BY THE  
AFTERNOON DUE TO DIURNAL HEATING, INCREASING LAPSE RATES AND  
INSTABILITY. PWS OF 1-1.5" ARE FORECAST AND WILL NEAR THE 90TH  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE AND SUPPORT RAINFALL RATES OF 1-2"/HR.  
ADDITIONALLY, WIDESPREAD THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY IS ALSO EXPECTED  
INTO THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS ALONG THE ASSOCIATED FRONTAL BOUNDARY  
WITHIN AN AREA OF VERY WEAK MID-LEVEL FLOW. STORMS WILL LIKELY BE  
SLOW-MOVING ACROSS WESTERN TEXAS AND EASTERN NEW MEXICO BEFORE  
BECOMING OUTFLOW DEPENDENT UNLESS A LARGE ENOUGH COLD POOL CAN  
ORGANIZE A LARGER THUNDERSTORM COMPLEX.  
 
ELSEWHERE, SIMILAR TO TODAY...CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP  
WITHIN A REGION OF DECENT CAPE AND PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES IN  
EXCESS OF 2 STANDARD DEVIATIONS ABOVE CLIMATOLOGY. EXCEPT FOR SOME  
MID-LEVEL WESTERLY FLOW AROUND THE GREAT LAKES TO PROVIDE SOME  
SHEAR THERE...THE FLOW FARTHER SOUTH SHOULD BE FAIRLY MEAGER (BUT  
OFFSET BY STEEPER LOW-LEVEL LAPSE RATES). THIS SETS UP THE  
POTENTIAL FOR SOME LOCAL RAINFALL RATES IN EXCESS OF 1 INCH PER  
HOUR THAT RESULTS IN EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS  
EAST/NORTHEASTWARD INTO THE OHIO VALLEY AND PARTS OF THE MID-  
ATLANTIC REGION ON MONDAY AND MONDAY NIGHT. SOME DETAILS ARE COMING  
INTO FOCUS, WHICH INCLUDES THE LIKELIHOOD OF OVERNIGHT CONVECTION  
LINGERING INTO EARLY MONDAY MORNING ACROSS PARTS OF THE CENTRAL  
PLAINS AND MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. THIS ACTIVITY LED TO AN  
EXPANSION OF THE PREVIOUS MARGINAL RISK NORTHWARD. MEANWHILE, AN  
UPPER TROUGH LINGERING ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST WILL CONTINUE TO FOSTER  
AN AREA OF CONVERGENCE ON THE SOUTHERN/SOUTHWESTERN PERIPHERY,  
WHICH COULD LEAD TO LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL ALONG THE EASTERN GULF  
COAST AND MUCH OF THE NORTHERN FLORIDA GULF COAST. THERE IS SOME  
POTENTIAL FOR EXTREMELY HEAVY RAINFALL WITHIN THIS TROPICAL AIRMASS  
AND PWS OF 2.25-2.5", BUT THERE'S THE POTENTIAL FOR MOST RAINFALL  
TO OCCUR OVER THE GULF WATERS AT THIS TIME.  
 
FARTHER NORTH INTO THE OHIO VALLEY, APPALACHIANS AND NORTHEAST, A  
WEAKENING SURFACE BOUNDARY WILL HELP FOCUS SOME OF THE THREAT FOR  
HEAVIER RAINFALL WITH ITS PLACEMENT REMAINING QUITE UNCERTAIN. ONE  
AREA THAT IS STILL BEING MONITORED FOR A POTENTIAL UPGRADE TO A  
SLIGHT RISK ARE PARTS OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY AND CENTRAL  
APPALACHIANS (CENTERED OVER WESTERN PA). THE SYNOPTIC SETUP WITH A  
STATIONARY/WARM FRONT STRETCHING ACROSS SOUTHERN PA AND AN  
APPROACHING COLD FRONT FROM THE WEST SHOULD HELP FOSTER GREATER  
COVERAGE IN SHOWERS/STORMS WITHIN A MOIST ENVIRONMENT, BUT STORM  
MOTIONS WITHIN A MEAN COLUMN WIND OF 30KTS COULD LIMIT THE FLOODING  
THREAT EVEN THOUGH THIS AREA REMAINS SENSITIVE TO INTENSE  
RAINFALL. THEREFORE, A MARGINAL RISK WAS MAINTAINED TO HIGHLIGHT  
THE THREAT FOR ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING.  
 
SNELL/BANN  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z TUE JUL 01 2025 - 12Z WED JUL 02 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER A PORTION OF  
THE MID ATLANTIC...  
 
THE BOUNDARY THAT HELPS FOCUS SOME OF THE THREAT FOR HEAVY TO  
POTENTIALLY EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ON DAY 2 WILL CONTINUE TO SHIFT  
EASTWARD AND PROVIDE THE FOCUS FOR ANOTHER ROUND ON DAY 3.  
THE FLOW ALOFT BECOMES MORE SUPPORTIVE OVER THE NORTHEAST US AS  
DIVERGENCE ALOFT INCREASES IN RESPONSE TO A DIGGING TROUGH ALOFT  
AND LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE INCREASES ALONG THE BOUNDARY. PORTIONS  
OF THE MID-ATLATIC HAVE SUPPRESSED FLASH FLOOD GUIDANCE FROM A  
PERIOD OF ABOVE NORMAL RAINFALL MAKING THAT AREA A BIT MORE  
SUSCEPTIBLE TO EXCESSIVE RAINFALL...WHILE FASTER CELL MOTIONS  
SHOULD PRECLUDE MORE THAN ISOLATED INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING  
ACROSS THE NORTHEAST US. THE INHERITED SLIGHT RISK WAS EXPANDED  
SOMEWHAT TO THE SOUTHWEST IN ORDER TO CAPTURE AN AREA WHERE MEAN  
FLOW IS BRIEFLY PARALLEL TO EVENTUAL LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS BEFORE  
THE COLD FRONT KICKS THINGS EASTWARD TUESDAY NIGHT.  
 
FARTHER SOUTH/WEST ALONG THE BOUNDARY...CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO  
BE DEVELOP WITHIN A REGION OF DECENT CAPE AND PRECIPITABLE WATER  
VALUES IN EXCESS OF 2 STANDARD DEVIATIONS ABOVE CLIMATOLOGY. WITH  
WEAKER FLOW ALOFT...LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL TOTALS COULD RESULT IN  
ISOLATED INSTANCES OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL. A STRONG SURGE OF  
MOISTURE IS EXPECTED TO PUSH DEEPER INTO THE FOUR CORNERS BY  
TUESDAY IN RESPONSE TO TROPICAL MOISTURE PUSHING NORTHWESTWARD  
ACROSS MEXICO AND LIFTING TO THE EAST OF A CLOSED LOW CHURNING NEAR  
THE CALIFORNIA COAST. THIS COULD LEAD TO GREATER THUNDERSTORM  
COVERAGE ACROSS THE SOUTHWEST/FOUR CORNERS ON TUESDAY AND A BROADER  
ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING THREAT.  
 
SNELL/BANN  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
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