204  
FOUS30 KWBC 302027  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
427 PM EDT MON JUN 30 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 16Z MON JUN 30 2025 - 12Z TUE JUL 01 2025  
   
..16Z UPDATE  
 
MAIN CHANGES TO THE OVERNIGHT FORECAST INCLUDE THE INTRODUCTION OF A  
SLIGHT RISK OVER PORTIONS OF THE EASTERN OHIO VALLEY, CENTRAL  
APPALACHIANS, AND UPPER MID-ATLANTIC. 12Z SOUNDING DATA ACROSS THE  
REGION HIGHLIGHTS A VERY MOIST AND UNSTABLE AIRMASS (PWATS AT OR  
ABOVE THE DAILY MAX FOR PIT AND IAD) IN THE VICINITY OF A SLOW  
MOVING WARM FRONT. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE FORECAST TO EXPAND  
IN COVERAGE TODAY WITH CONTINUED HEATING, WHICH WILL BE CAPABLE OF  
VERY EFFICIENT SUBHOURLY RAINFALL RATES WHICH COULD BREACH FLASH  
FLOOD GUIDANCE IN SPITE OF GENERALLY PROGRESSIVE STORM MOTIONS.  
 
OTHERWISE, THE SLIGHT RISK WAS TRIMMED IN THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN  
PLAINS IN THE WAKE OF AN OVERNIGHT MCS WHICH HAS SENT A STRONG COLD  
POOL SOUTHWARD. THE MAIN AREA OF CONCERN WILL FOCUS ALONG THIS  
BOUNDARY LATER TODAY, OVER PORTIONS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA AND EASTERN  
ARKANSAS INTO THE RED RIVER.  
 
ASHERMAN  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS AND THE NEW MEXICO AND WESTERN  
TEXAS...  
 
A SLIGHT RISK WAS MAINTAINED ACROSS NEW MEXICO AND INTO WESTERN  
TEXAS GIVEN THE PRESENCE OF A FRONT DROPPING SOUTHWARD INTO THE  
SOUTHERN PLAINS AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES...WITH MOIST EASTERLY FLOW  
INTO THE COMPLEX TERRAIN OF THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES AND PROVIDE  
GREATER COVERAGE OF THUNDERSTORMS BY THE AFTERNOON DUE TO DIURNAL  
HEATING, INCREASING LAPSE RATES AND INSTABILITY. PRECIPITABLE WATER  
VALUES OF 1 INCH TO 1.5 INCHES ARE FORECAST AND WILL NEAR THE 90TH  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE AND SUPPORT RAINFALL RATES OF 1-2 INCHES  
PER HOUR. ADDITIONALLY, WIDESPREAD COVERAGE OF THUNDERSTORM  
ACTIVITY OVER PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND HIGH PLAINS OVERNIGHT WAS  
ACCOUNTED FOR BY THE INTRODUCTION OF A SLIGHT RISK MAINLY FROM  
KANSAS INTO OKLAHOMA THIS MORNING BEFORE ANOTHER ROUND OF  
CONVECTION FORMS OVER THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS ALONG THE ASSOCIATED  
FRONTAL BOUNDARY WITHIN AN AREA OF VERY WEAK MID- LEVEL FLOW LATER  
TODAY. STORMS WILL LIKELY BE SLOW- MOVING ACROSS WESTERN TEXAS AND  
EASTERN NEW MEXICO BEFORE BECOMING OUTFLOW DEPENDENT UNLESS A  
LARGE ENOUGH COLD POOL CAN ORGANIZE A LARGER THUNDERSTORM COMPLEX.  
 
ELSEWHERE...CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP WITHIN A REGION OF  
DECENT CAPE AND PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES IN EXCESS OF 2 STANDARD  
DEVIATIONS ABOVE CLIMATOLOGY. EXCEPT FOR SOME MID-LEVEL WESTERLY  
FLOW AROUND THE GREAT LAKES TO PROVIDE SOME SHEAR THERE...THE FLOW  
FARTHER SOUTH SHOULD BE FAIRLY MEAGER (BUT OFFSET BY STEEPER LOW-  
LEVEL LAPSE RATES). THIS SETS UP THE POTENTIAL FOR SOME LOCAL  
RAINFALL RATES IN EXCESS OF 1 INCH PER HOUR THAT RESULTS IN  
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS EAST/NORTHEASTWARD INTO  
THE OHIO VALLEY AND PARTS OF THE MID- ATLANTIC REGION TODAY AND  
TONIGHT.  
 
SOME DETAILS ARE COMING INTO FOCUS, WHICH INCLUDES THE  
LIKELIHOOD OF OVERNIGHT CONVECTION LINGERING INTO THE EARLY-MORNING  
HOURS ACROSS PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MID- MISSISSIPPI  
VALLEY. MEANWHILE, AN UPPER TROUGH LINGERING ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST  
WILL CONTINUE TO FOSTER AN AREA OF CONVERGENCE ON THE  
SOUTHERN/SOUTHWESTERN PERIPHERY WHICH COULD LEAD TO LOCALLY HEAVY  
RAINFALL ALONG THE EASTERN GULF COAST AND MUCH OF THE NORTHERN  
FLORIDA GULF COAST. THERE IS SOME POTENTIAL FOR EXTREMELY HEAVY  
RAINFALL WITHIN THIS TROPICAL AIRMASS AND PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES  
BETWEEN 2.25 INCHES AND 2.5 INCHES, BUT THE SIGNAL FROM THE  
NUMERICAL GUIDANCE IS THAT MOST RAINFALL TO OCCUR OVER THE GULF  
WATERS AT THIS TIME.  
 
FARTHER NORTH INTO THE OHIO VALLEY, APPALACHIANS AND NORTHEAST, A  
WEAKENING SURFACE BOUNDARY WILL HELP FOCUS SOME OF THE THREAT FOR  
HEAVIER RAINFALL WITH ITS PLACEMENT REMAINING QUITE UNCERTAIN. THE  
SYNOPTIC SETUP WITH A STATIONARY/WARM FRONT STRETCHING ACROSS  
SOUTHERN PA AND AN APPROACHING COLD FRONT FROM THE WEST SHOULD HELP  
FOSTER GREATER COVERAGE IN SHOWERS/STORMS WITHIN A MOIST  
ENVIRONMENT, BUT STORM MOTIONS WITHIN A MEAN COLUMN WIND OF 30KTS  
COULD LIMIT THE FLOODING THREAT EVEN THOUGH THIS AREA REMAINS  
SENSITIVE TO INTENSE RAINFALL.  
 
SNELL/BANN  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z TUE JUL 01 2025 - 12Z WED JUL 02 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER A PORTION OF  
THE MID ATLANTIC AND NORTHEAST...  
   
..2030Z UPDATE  
 
THE SLIGHT RISK WAS EXPANDED ACROSS THE MID-ATLANTIC AND NORTHEAST  
AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT. THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE REGION TODAY ARE  
EXPECTED TO "PRIME" SOILS ACROSS THE REGION, WHICH ARE ALREADY WELL  
ABOVE AVERAGE ACCORDING TO NASA SPORT 0-40 CM SOIL MOISTURE  
PERCENTILES. BY EARLY TOMORROW AFTERNOON, SLOW MOVING COLD FRONT  
AND RIGHT ENTRANCE REGION ASCENT ARE FORECAST TO DRIVE WIDESPREAD  
THUNDERSTORMS WITHIN AN AIRMASS CHARACTERIZED BY PWAT VALUES IN THE  
97-99TH PERCENTILE PER THE NAEFS. WHILE INDIVIDUAL CELL MOTIONS  
WILL LIKELY BE PROGRESSIVE (15-30 KTS), STEERING FLOW ORIENTED  
PARALLEL TO THE FORCING SHOULD FAVOR PERIODS OF CELL TRAINING AND  
REPEATING AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT. BOTH THE 12Z HREF AND REFS  
NEIGHBORHOOD PROBABILITIES HIGHLIGHT A HIGH (60-90%) CHANCE OF 24  
HOUR QPF EXCEEDING THREE INCHES ACROSS THE AREA, WITH EMBEDDED 30-40%  
MAXIMA OF AT LEAST FIVE INCHES NOTED. CONSIDERABLE TO LOCALLY  
SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOODING IS POSSIBLE TOMORROW WITHIN SENSITIVE  
URBAN AREAS ALONG THE I-95 CORRIDOR, AND OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN IN  
THE APPALACHIANS.  
 
ASHERMAN  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION  
 
THE BOUNDARY THAT HELPS FOCUS SOME OF THE THREAT FOR HEAVY TO  
POTENTIALLY EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ON DAY 1 WILL CONTINUE TO SHIFT  
EASTWARD AND PROVIDE THE FOCUS FOR ANOTHER ROUND ON DAY 2. THE  
FLOW ALOFT BECOMES MORE SUPPORTIVE OVER THE NORTHEAST US AS  
DIVERGENCE ALOFT INCREASES IN RESPONSE TO A DIGGING TROUGH IN THE  
UPPER LEVEL WHILE CONVERGENCE IS FOCUSED AT THE LOW-LEVELS  
CONVERGENCE INCREASES ALONG THE BOUNDARY. PORTIONS OF THE MID-  
ATLANTIC HAVE SUPPRESSED FLASH FLOOD GUIDANCE FROM A PERIOD OF  
ABOVE NORMAL RAINFALL MAKING THAT AREA A BIT MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO  
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL...WHILE FASTER CELL MOTIONS SHOULD GENERALLY  
PRECLUDE MORE THAN ISOLATED INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING ACROSS THE  
NORTHEAST US. THE INHERITED SLIGHT RISK WAS NUDGED A BIT TO THE  
WEST OF ITS PLACEMENT IN THE PREVIOUS OUTLOOK TOWARDS A REGION OF  
BETTER OVERLAP BETWEEN THE DETERMINISTIC QPF AND THE LOWER FLASH  
FLOOD GUIDANCE. THE SURROUNDING MARGINAL RISK AREA WAS CHANGED  
LITTLE FROM THE PREVIOUS OUTLOOK.  
 
FARTHER SOUTH/WEST ALONG THE BOUNDARY...CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO  
BE DEVELOP WITHIN A REGION OF DECENT CAPE AND PRECIPITABLE WATER  
VALUES IN EXCESS OF 2 STANDARD DEVIATIONS ABOVE CLIMATOLOGY. WITH  
WEAKER FLOW ALOFT...LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL TOTALS COULD RESULT IN  
ISOLATED INSTANCES OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL. A STRONGER PUSH OF  
MOISTURE IS EXPECTED INTO THE FOUR CORNERS BY TUESDAY IN RESPONSE  
TO TROPICAL MOISTURE PUSHING NORTHWESTWARD ACROSS MEXICO AND  
LIFTING TO THE EAST OF A CLOSED LOW CHURNING NEAR THE CALIFORNIA  
COAST. THIS COULD LEAD TO GREATER THUNDERSTORM COVERAGE ACROSS THE  
SOUTHWEST/FOUR CORNERS ON TUESDAY AND A BROADER ISOLATED FLASH  
FLOODING THREAT.  
 
BANN/SNELL  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z WED JUL 02 2025 - 12Z THU JUL 03 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE SOUTHEAST US AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND  
NEARBY SOUTHERN ROCKIES...  
   
..2030Z UPDATE  
 
GENERALLY MINOR ADJUSTMENTS MADE TO THE OVERNIGHT FORECAST,  
INCLUDING AN EXPANSION OF THE MARGINAL RISK INTO PARTS OF THE MID-  
ATLANTIC. LINGERING HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL WILL REMAIN AS THE  
FRONT SLOWLY PRESSES SOUTHEASTWARD, DRIVING ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND  
THUNDERSTORMS WITH 90TH PERCENTILE PWATS WHICH COULD OVERLAP WITH  
HEAVY RAINFALL FROM DAYS 1-2.  
 
THE MARGINAL WAS ALSO EXPANDED IN THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES BASED ON THE  
UPTICK IN QPF AS AN UPPER-TROUGH APPROACHES FROM THE WEST, WHILE  
SOUTHEASTERLY FLOW USHERS IN 97TH-99TH PERCENTILE PWATS INTO THE  
REGION.  
 
ASHERMAN/BANN  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
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