241  
FOUS30 KWBC 280813  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
413 AM EDT MON JUL 28 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 12Z MON JUL 28 2025 - 12Z TUE JUL 29 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY..  
   
..NORTHERN PLAINS TO UPPER MS VALLEY
 
 
CONVECTION WILL MOVE ACROSS PORTIONS OF EASTERN MT AND INTO THE  
WESTERN DAKOTAS THIS MORNING. HEAVY RAINFALL RATES WITH THIS  
ACTIVITY WILL POSE A LOCALIZED FLASH FLOOD RISK, HOWEVER GENERALLY  
QUICK CELL MOTIONS SHOULD LIMIT THE EXTENT OF THE THREAT. AS WE  
HEAD INTO THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING HOURS THIS CONVECTION WILL  
GROW UPSCALE INTO AN MCS AS IT MOVES ACROSS CENTRAL SD INTO  
SOUTHERN MN AND NORTHERN IA. A FORWARD PROPAGATING DERECHO IS  
LIKELY GIVEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL INGREDIENTS IN PLACE AND PER SPC.  
THIS FAST FORWARD MOTION WILL LIKELY CAP THE EXTENT OF ANY FLASH  
FLOOD RISK AT THE SLIGHT LEVEL.  
 
THE IMPRESSIVE CAPE AND PWS AROUND 2" NEAR AND JUST DOWNSTREAM OF  
THE MCS WILL SUPPORT HEAVY RAINFALL RATES. AS THE MCS MATURES THE  
HEAVIEST RAINFALL TOTALS MAY END UP NEAR THE DEVELOPING COMMA  
HEAD/BOOKEND VORTEX WHERE RAINFALL DURATION WILL BE LOCALLY LONGER.  
THE 00Z HREF SUPPORTS TOTAL RAINFALL OVER 2", WITH A NARROW AXIS  
OF OVER 3" PROBABLE AS WELL. PORTIONS OF EASTERN SD INTO SOUTHWEST  
MN RECEIVED HEAVY RAINFALL THIS PAST NIGHT...AND SO IF AN  
ADDITIONAL 2-3" FALLS OVER THESE AREAS THEN ISOLATED TO SCATTERED  
FLASH FLOODING IS LIKELY. ELSEWHERE, THE THREAT IS LIKELY AN URBAN  
RISK DRIVEN BY HOURLY RAINFALL LOCALLY AS HIGH AS 2" AS THE MCS  
MOVES THROUGH.  
 
...SOUTHWEST..  
ANOTHER DAY OF SCATTERED AFTERNOON CONVECTION EXPECTED ACROSS MUCH  
OF NM INTO FAR SOUTHEAST AZ. BOTH PWS AND CAPE ARE FORECAST TO BE  
HIGHER TODAY COMPARED TO YESTERDAY, AND SO DO ANTICIPATE A BIT  
MORE CONVECTIVE COVERAGE TODAY. ACTIVITY WILL INITIALLY DEVELOP  
NEAR AREAS OF TERRAIN, SUCH AS THE SACRAMENTO MOUNTAINS AND SANGRE  
DE CRISTOS. GIVEN THE MOISTURE AND INSTABILITY IN PLACE...AT LEAST  
AN ISOLATED FLASH FLOOD THREAT IS LIKELY ON/NEAR THESE HIGHER  
TERRAIN AREAS, ESPECIALLY OVER THE MORE SENSITIVE BURN SCARS. CELLS  
MAY TEND TO BE TRANSIENT TODAY...EITHER MOVING OFF TO THE WEST  
AND/OR DISSIPATING FAIRLY QUICKLY, WHICH MAY KEEP THE FLASH FLOOD  
COVERAGE ISOLATED IN NATURE. CONVECTION COULD ACTUALLY PERSIST INTO  
THE OVERNIGHT HOURS OVER PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN NM...BUT THE EXTENT  
OF INSTABILITY BY THIS TIME IS UNCLEAR, AND SO RAINFALL RATES  
SHOULD BE TEMPERED BY THIS TIME. OVERALL THIS IS A SOLID MARGINAL  
RISK WITH ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING LIKELY, BUT AT THE MOMENT THINK  
THE RISK FALLS JUST SHY OF SLIGHT RISK LEVEL COVERAGE.  
   
..OH VALLEY INTO THE CAROLINAS
 
 
ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TODAY ACROSS A  
BROAD AREA STRETCHING FROM KY/TN TO SOUTHERN MI AND ALL THE WAY TO  
THE COASTAL CAROLINAS. GENERALLY NOT EXPECTING MUCH ORGANIZATION  
TO CONVECTION...BUT PWS OF AROUND 2" (OR HIGHER) WILL CONTINUE TO  
SUPPORT HEAVY RAINFALL RATES. LOCALIZED RAINFALL OF 2-3" ARE  
POSSIBLE WITHIN THE MARGINAL RISK AREA...AND WHILE THE COVERAGE OF  
THESE AMOUNTS SHOULD BE SMALL...WHERE IT DOES FALL SOME FLASH  
FLOOD IMPACTS ARE POSSIBLE WITHIN AREAS OF LOWERED FFG. THE MOST  
CONCENTRATED PROBABILITIES IN THE HREF ARE ACTUALLY OVER THE  
COASTAL CAROLINAS, WHERE A CONVERGENCE AXIS SHOULD DRIVE MORE  
CONVECTIVE COVERAGE AND SOME TOTALS LOCALLY OVER 3". HOWEVER WITH  
HIGHER FFG OVER THESE AREAS THE FLASH FLOOD RISK IS STILL EXPECTED  
TO STAY ISOLATED.  
 
CHENARD  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z TUE JUL 29 2025 - 12Z WED JUL 30 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS...  
   
..CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS
 
 
A STATIONARY FRONT WILL LIKELY EXTEND ACROSS SOUTHERN IA/NE AND  
INTO THE HIGH PLAINS ON TUESDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING. EASTERLY FLOW TO  
THE NORTH OF THIS FRONT WILL LIKELY HELP TRIGGER CONVECTIVE  
DEVELOPMENT OVER THE HIGH PLAINS AS SHORTWAVE ENERGY MOVES OUT OF  
THE ROCKIES AND UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE INCREASES IN THE RIGHT  
ENTRANCE REGION OF AN UPPER JET. THIS ACTIVITY WILL LIKELY PUSH  
EAST INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS ACROSS NE AND EVENTUALLY IA  
ALONG/NORTH OF THE STATIONARY FRONT. UPSCALE DEVELOPMENT INTO AN  
MCS APPEARS PROBABLE DRIVING A HEAVY RAINFALL THREAT. ANY EVENTUAL  
MCS WILL PROBABLY PROPAGATE OFF TO THE EAST FAIRLY QUICKLY, HOWEVER  
ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT DOWNSTREAM OVER NE/IA IS POSSIBLE GIVEN THE  
CONVERGENCE NEAR THE FRONT AND WHAT SHOULD BE CAPE AROUND 4000  
J/KG. PWS SHOULD BE PLENTY HIGH ENOUGH FOR HEAVY RAINFALL, RANGING  
FROM 1.5" IN THE HIGH PLAINS TO LOCALLY OVER 2" FROM EASTERN NE  
INTO IA.  
 
THERE REMAINS SOME LATITUDINAL UNCERTAINTY WITH THE AXIS OF  
CONVECTION DURING THIS PERIOD...ALTHOUGH THE GENERAL TREND HAS  
BEEN FOR A SLIGHTLY FARTHER SOUTH AXIS. THERE IS ALSO SOME QUESTION  
AS TO HOW FAR EAST THE RISK EXISTS, WITH THE DETERMINISTIC AND  
ENSEMBLE EC AND THE 00Z RRFS/REFS FAVORING NE, BUT THE GFS AND  
AIFS EXTENDING THE THREAT INTO IA. GIVEN A FAVORABLE TRACK RECORD  
FOR THE AIFS AND THE PRESENCE OF THE BOUNDARY/INSTABILITY/PWS OVER  
IA, WE DID WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT THE SLIGHT RISK AT LEAST COVERED  
INTO CENTRAL IA.  
   
..SOUTHWEST
 
 
ANOTHER DAY OF SCATTERED AFTERNOON CONVECTION EXPECTED TUESDAY.  
PROBABILITIES FROM BOTH THE 00Z HREF AND REFS SHOW A BIT MORE  
PERSISTENCE OF HIGH 1"/HR EXCEEDANCE OVER THE SACRAMENTO MOUNTAINS  
AND VICINITY. THUS THE FLASH FLOOD RISK OVER THESE AREAS, AND THE  
SUSCEPTIBLE BURN SCARS, MAY VERY WELL BE HIGHER TUESDAY THAN  
MONDAY. HOWEVER THERE ARE SOME QUESTIONS REGARDING THE COVERAGE OF  
HEAVIER RAINFALL AMOUNTS AWAY FROM THESE TERRAIN AREAS, AS THE  
OVERALL COVERAGE COULD BE A BIT LESS THAN MONDAY. GIVEN THE SMALL  
EXTENT OF THE HIGHER RISK AT THE MOMENT AND THE UNCERTAINTY ON THE  
BROADER COVERAGE, WE WILL LEAVE THE ERO AT A MARGINAL LEVEL  
PENDING WHAT HAPPENS MONDAY. ALTHOUGH LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS  
ARE POSSIBLE WITHIN/NEAR THE SACRAMENTO MOUNTAIN BURN SCARS.  
   
..SOUTHEAST
 
 
EXPECTING GREATER CONVECTIVE COVERAGE ON TUESDAY FROM THE SOUTHEAST  
INTO THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS. NOT MUCH IN THE WAY OF FORCING TO  
ORGANIZE CONVECTION, AND GENERALLY EXPECTING PULSE ACTIVITY THAT  
DOES NOT LAST ALL THAT LONG AT ANY ONE LOCATION. THIS WILL ACT AS  
A LIMITING FACTOR FOR FLASH FLOODING...HOWEVER THERE SHOULD BE  
ENOUGH CONVECTIVE COVERAGE THAT SOME CELL MERGERS ALONG OUTFLOWS  
WILL BE A POSSIBILITY. PWS IN THE REGION ARE FORECAST BETWEEN 2"  
AND 2.3", WITH CAPE OVER 2000 J/KG...SO THE THERMODYNAMIC  
ENVIRONMENT WILL SUPPORT HEAVY RAINFALL RATES. THUS EVEN WITH A  
RELATIVELY SHORT DURATION OF RAIN AT ANY ONE LOCATION, RAINFALL  
TOTALS LOCALLY OVER 3" APPEAR PROBABLE DRIVING A LOCALIZED FLASH  
FLOOD RISK.  
 
CHENARD  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z WED JUL 30 2025 - 12Z THU JUL 31 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...  
   
..MID MS VALLEY
 
 
AT 12Z WEDNESDAY IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT WE WILL HAVE SOME DEGREE OF  
ORGANIZED CONVECTION ONGOING IN THE VICINITY OF IA, ALTHOUGH AT  
THIS LEAD TIME GETTING THESE SPECIFICS RIGHT IS TRICKY.  
NONETHELESS, IT APPEARS PROBABLE THAT A BETTER DEFINED  
SHORTWAVE/MCV WILL BE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS CONVECTION AND SLOWLY  
MOVE EAST ACROSS IA/MO/IL AND VICINITY WEDNESDAY INTO WEDNESDAY  
NIGHT. MEANWHILE WE WILL HAVE A SLOWLY SOUTHWARD SHIFTING COLD  
FRONT HELPING FOCUS CONVERGENCE, AND THE RIGHT ENTRANCE REGION OF  
THE UPPER JET ADDING SOME DIVERGENCE ALOFT. WITH PLENTIFUL CAPE  
NEAR THE FRONT AND PWS LOCALLY OVER 2", THE INGREDIENTS FOR AREAS  
OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ARE IN PLACE. SOME UNCERTAINTY REMAINS ON THE  
DETAILS...BUT 00Z MODELS ARE COMING INTO A BETTER CONSENSUS ON THE  
FAVORED AXIS FOR HEAVY RAINFALL..GENERALLY STRETCHING ACROSS  
PORTIONS OF IA, NORTHERN MO AND INTO CENTRAL/NORTHERN IL AND  
POSSIBLY PORTIONS OF IN.  
   
..SOUTHWEST AND HIGH PLAINS
 
 
ISOLATED TO SCATTERED CONVECTION WILL LIKELY DEVELOP NEAR AREAS OF  
TERRAIN FROM NM INTO THE ROCKIES. GENERALLY NOT LOOKING LIKE THE  
GREATEST FORCING, SO THE DEGREE OF CONVECTIVE ORGANIZATION REMAINS  
UNCLEAR. AT THE MOMENT MOST MODELS INDICATE MOSTLY  
ISOLATED/SCATTERED DEVELOPMENT, AND GENERALLY NOT ENOUGH COVERAGE  
FOR ANYTHING MORE THAN A MARGINAL RISK. HOWEVER THERE IS SOME  
POTENTIAL FOR A FEW ORGANIZED CLUSTERS TO MOVE OFF THE TERRAIN  
INTO THE HIGH PLAINS, AND SO CAN NOT RULE A TARGETED SLIGHT RISK OR  
TWO AS WE GET CLOSER IN TIME AND HAVE MORE HIGH RES GUIDANCE TO  
INTERROGATE.  
   
..ELSEWHERE
 
 
A BROAD MARGINAL RISK EXTENDS FROM THE CENTRAL GULF COAST ALL THE  
WAY INTO PORTIONS OF NEW ENGLAND. HIGH PWS AND CAPE AND CONVECTIVE  
COVERAGE WILL DRIVE THE RISK FROM THE GULF COAST INTO THE TN  
VALLEY. A LACK OF ORGANIZATION MAY KEEP FFG EXCEEDANCE COVERAGE  
DOWN, BUT HIGH RAINFALL RATES WILL LIKELY LOCALLY APPROACH OR  
EXCEED FFG. A COLD FRONT WILL DRIVE THE RISK FORM PORTIONS OF THE  
OH VALLEY INTO NEW ENGLAND. GENERALLY QUICK CELL MOTIONS AND THE  
LACK OF A SIGNIFICANT QPF FOOTPRINT IN THE 00Z MODELS KEEP THIS  
RISK AT A MARGINAL LEVEL.  
 
CHENARD  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 
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