907  
FOUS30 KWBC 311343  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
943 AM EDT THU JUL 31 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 1328Z THU JUL 31 2025 - 12Z FRI AUG 01 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF THE NORTHERN MID-ATLANTIC...  
   
..MID-ATLANTIC INTO NEW ENGLAND  
 
14Z SPECIAL UPDATE...  
 
ADJUSTED THE MODERATE RISK THIS MORNING TO INCLUDE NEW YORK CITY  
AND PARTS OF SOUTHERN CT GIVEN THE LOCATION OF THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY  
THIS MORNING AND CAM TRENDS. 12Z HRRR DEPICTS A REASONABLE SCENARIO  
WITH A LINE OF SLOW-MOVING CONVECTION NEAR NEW YORK CITY AND ALONG  
COASTAL CT WHERE AN AREA OF LOW-LEVEL CONVERGENCE COULD ANCHOR  
STORMS ALONG THIS REGION. WHERE STORMS DO SET UP, RAINFALL RATES  
EXCEEDING 2"/HR IS LIKELY TO OVERWHELM THE URBANIZED TERRAIN ALONG  
I-95. AN ADDITIONAL ADJUSTMENT WAS MADE TO EXPAND THE SLGT RISK  
SOUTHWARD ACROSS THE BLUE RIDGE OF CENTRAL VA. MORE INFORMATION  
WILL BE AVAILABLE WITH THE REGULAR 16Z UPDATE.  
 
SNELL  
 
A POTENT VORTICITY MAX PARALLELED WITH AN EXCEPTIONALLY STRONG  
UPPER LEVEL JET STREAK OVER SOUTHEAST CANADA AND HIGHLY ANOMALOUS  
MOISTURE CONTENT WILL SPIN UP A SURFACE LOW ALONG A FRONTAL  
BOUNDARY OVER THE NORTHERN MID- ATLANTIC AND SPREAD ENHANCED  
RAINFALL TO A VAST PORTION OF THE EAST. THERE ARE TWO AREAS OF  
CONCERN REGARDING HEAVY RAINFALL. THE FIRST AREA IS FROM NORTHEAST  
PENNSYLVANIA ON EAST THROUGH THE LOWER HUDSON VALLEY AND INTO  
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND WILL HAVE A BAND OF HEAVY AND EFFICIENT  
RAINFALL. PWATS WILL RISE TO THE 1.8-2.0" RANGE AND LOW-LEVEL WAA  
AHEAD OF THE FRONT WILL GIVE RISE TO POTENTIAL TRAINING. THERE IS  
UNCERTAINTY REGARDING THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE INSTABILITY, WHICH  
COULD REACH AS HIGH AS 500 J/KG. STILL, THE MODELED SOUNDINGS  
DEPICT WARM CLOUD LAYERS UP TO 13,000FT DEEP, SO WHILE RATES MAY  
NOT BE AS HIGH AS FARTHER TO THE SOUTH, WARM RAIN PROCESSES COULD  
STILL PROVIDE 1-1.5"/HR RATES IN THESE AREAS THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND  
INTO THURSDAY NIGHT. A SLIGHT RISK REMAINS IS IN PLACE FOR THESE  
REGIONS WITH LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOODING POSSIBLE,  
PARTICULARLY FOR AREAS CLOSER TO THE POCONOS, HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF  
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND.  
 
NORTHERN MID-ATLANTIC: FARTHER SOUTH, WHILE THE MID-ATLANTIC  
REGION IS A LITTLE FARTHER REMOVED FROM THE JET-STREAK DYNAMICS TO  
THE NORTH, THE REGION IS CLOSER TO THE DEEPENING SURFACE LOW WITH  
STRONG SURFACE-925MB SOUTHERLY THETA-E ADVECTION DIRECTED INTO THE  
SURFACE FRONT. FROM NORTHERN NJ AND SOUTHERN PA ON SOUTH TO  
NORTHERN VA, A TROPICAL AIR-MASS (DEPICTED BY 2-2.25" PWATS AND  
LOW-MID 70S DEW POINTS) WILL COINCIDE WITHIN A WARM SECTOR THAT  
BECOMES INCREASINGLY UNSTABLE (MUCAPE BETWEEN 1,000-2,000 J/KG). IT IS  
WORTH NOTING THAT SST ANOMALIES ALONG THE MID-ATLANTIC AND  
SOUTHEAST COASTS ARE WELL ABOVE NORMAL TOO, ACTING AS AN ABNORMALLY  
RICH MOISTURE SOURCE FOR SOUTHERLY LOW-LEVEL FLOW TO DRAW FROM. BY  
THURSDAY AFTERNOON, LOW-LEVEL WAA INTO THE FRONT WILL SUPPORT  
STORMS ENVELOPING THE REGION WITH ADDITIONAL STORMS FROM THE  
APPALACHIANS TRACKING EAST. MODEST VERTICAL WIND SHEAR ALOFT WILL  
ALSO SUPPORT ORGANIZED CLUSTERS OF STORMS, SOME OF WHICH WILL HAVE  
THE POTENTIAL TO BACKBUILD AND TRAIN OVER THE I-95 CORRIDOR INTO  
THURSDAY NIGHT. LATEST 12Z HREF GUIDANCE SHOWS 24-HR PROBABILITIES  
FOR >3" OF RAINFALL ARE HIGH (>70%) FROM THE DC/BALTIMORE AREA ON  
NORTH THROUGH NORTHEAST MD, SOUTHEAST PA, AND INTO SOUTHERN NJ.  
JUST AS CONCERNING IS THIS SAME REGION SPORTS 30-60% CHANCES FOR  
>5" OF RAINFALL.  
 
IMPACT POTENTIAL FOR MODERATE RISK AREA: THESE PROBABILITIES  
LISTED ABOVE SERVE AS SIGNALS IN ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE THAT HIGHLIGHT  
THE POTENTIAL FOR SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOODING THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY,  
LET ALONE OVER A HIGHLY POPULATED URBAN CORRIDOR. GIVEN THE  
ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS IN PLACE, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE MID-  
ATLANTIC I-95 CORRIDOR WITNESSES THUNDERSTORMS THAT PRODUCE  
RAINFALL RATES UP TO 3"/HR, WITH PERHAPS THE MOST INTENSE STORMS  
POTENTIALLY GENERATING 2" RAINFALL TOTALS IN AS LITTLE AS 30  
MINUTES. QPF MAY SEEM LIGHT AT FIRST GLANCE GIVEN THE HOURLY  
RAINFALL RATE POTENTIAL, BUT THIS IS LARGELY DUE TO LINGERING  
UNCERTAINTY IN THE PLACEMENT OF THE HEAVIEST RAINFALL. MANY  
INDIVIDUAL CONVECTIVE MODELS SHOW LOCALIZED TOTALS SURPASSING 5"  
WITH EVEN SOME LOCALIZED MAXIMA APPROACHING 8". RESIDENTS IN THE  
MID-ATLANTIC SHOULD ENSURE THEY HAVE RELIABLE MEANS OF RECEIVING  
WARNINGS ISSUED BY THEIR LOCAL WFOS THROUGHOUT THE DAY AND INTO  
THURSDAY NIGHT.  
   
..GULF COAST INTO OHIO VALLEY  
 
SLOW MOVING THUNDERSTORMS WILL PERSIST TODAY AND TONIGHT OVER A  
VAST AREA SOUTH OF THE COLD FRONT. HIGH PWS AND CAPE AND  
CONVECTIVE COVERAGE WILL DRIVE A LOCALIZED FLASH FLOOD RISK. A  
LACK OF ORGANIZATION MAY KEEP FFG EXCEEDANCE COVERAGE DOWN, BUT  
HIGH RAINFALL RATES WILL LIKELY LOCALLY APPROACH OR EXCEED FFG.  
THIS REGION IS COVERED BY A MARGINAL RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL  
AND ISOLATED FLASH FLOODING.  
   
..ROCKIES INTO THE PLAINS  
 
SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED TO FIRE UP FROM EASTERN  
ARIZONA/NEW MEXICO NORTHWARD TO MONTANA. IN GENERAL, THE STORMS  
WILL LIKELY LACK ORGANIZATION FOR A MORE ELEVATED THREAT FOR FLASH  
FLOODING. A MARGINAL RISK IS THE APPROPRIATE THREAT LEVEL AT THIS  
TIME.  
 
MULLINAX/CAMPBELL  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z FRI AUG 01 2025 - 12Z SAT AUG 02 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
THE CAROLINAS...  
   
..SOUTHEAST AND MID-ATLANTIC  
 
DURING THIS PERIOD A COLD FRONT WILL BE DROPPING SOUTH THROUGH THE  
REGION WHICH WILL TRIGGER A MORE ORGANIZED CORRIDOR OF CONVECTION  
FRIDAY AFTERNOON. MEANWHILE BOTH TERRAIN DRIVEN AND COASTAL  
CONVERGENCE DRIVEN CONVECTION ARE ALSO LIKELY BY AFTERNOON. THIS  
COMBINATION WILL RESULT IN GOOD CONVECTIVE COVERAGE, WHICH WILL  
ULTIMATELY LIKELY LEAD TO A DECENT DEGREE OF CELL MERGER ACTIVITY.  
MUCH OF THE AREA WILL HAVE PW VALUES NEARING 2.5 INCHES ALONG WITH  
ABUNDANT INSTABILITY. PWS ARE FORECAST AS HIGH AS 2.3"-2.5", WITH  
PLENTIFUL INSTABILITY. VERY HEAVY RAINFALL RATES ARE EXPECTED IN  
THIS THERMODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT, WHICH COMBINED WITH THE LIKELIHOOD  
OF CELL MERGERS, SHOULD DRIVE AN ISOLATED TO SCATTERED FLASH FLOOD  
RISK.  
   
..LOWER MS VALLEY AND VICINITY  
 
CONVECTION WILL FIRE ALONG THE COLD FRONT AS IS CONTINUES TO DROP  
SOUTH DURING THIS PERIOD. POOLED PW VALUES EXCEEDING 2 INCHES WILL  
AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT OF HEAVY RAINFALL ACROSS THE  
REGION. LARGE SCALE FORCING AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT IS WEAKER HERE,  
SO NOT EXPECTING WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAINFALL...BUT LOCALIZED HEAVY  
RAINFALL RATES SHOULD BE ABLE TO DRIVE AN ISOLATED FLASH FLOOD  
RISK.  
   
..ROCKIES AND PLAINS  
 
SCATTERED CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO SPAN FROM MONTANA TO NEW MEXICO  
INTO FRIDAY. THE MOST FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR HEAVY RAINFALL WILL  
LIKELY SETUP FROM MONTANA INTO THE DAKOTAS, WHICH IS WHERE MID  
LEVEL TROUGHING WILL BE PAIRED WITH THE HIGHEST PW ANOMALIES IN  
THE CONUS...NEAR EARLY AUGUST PEAK VALUES. COMBINE THIS WITH CAPE  
FORECAST AROUND 2000 J/KG AND THE ENVIRONMENT APPEARS CONDUCIVE TO  
AREAS OF LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING. HOURLY RAINFALL RATES UP TO  
1.25-1.5 INCHES/HOUR POSSIBLE OVER THE NORTHERN ROCKIES/MONTANA AND  
UP TO 2 INCHES/HOUR ACROSS THE DAKOTAS.  
 
CAMPBELL/CHENARD  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z SAT AUG 02 2025 - 12Z SUN AUG 03 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
THE SOUTHEAST...  
   
..SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST  
 
THE STRONG FRONT MENTIONED WILL CONTINUE PRESSING SOUTHWARD,  
DRAPED FROM THE SOUTHEAST WESTWARD ACROSS THE DEEP SOUTH, LOWER  
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND OVER TEXAS. HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT AND  
INSTABILITY ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE FRONT INTERACTING WITH THE RIGHT  
ENTRANCE REGION OF THE UPPER JET WILL PROMOTE HEAVY TO EXCESSIVE  
RAINFALL IN THUNDERSTORMS THAT COULD CAUSE LOCALIZED FLASH  
FLOODING. VERY HEAVY RAINFALL RATES ARE EXPECTED AND SHOULD DRIVE  
AN ISOLATED TO SCATTERED FLASH FLOOD RISK. A SLIGHT RISK REMAINS IN  
EFFECT FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND EXTREME  
NORTHEAST FLORIDA. THE FRONT STRETCHING WEST ACROSS THE GULF COAST  
STATES IN A MOIST AND UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT COULD PROMOTE SCATTERED  
DIURNAL THUNDERSTORMS INTO SATURDAY THUS MAINTAINING THE MARGINAL  
RISK.  
   
..ROCKIES AND PLAINS  
 
SHORTWAVES ROUNDING THE EASTERN EDGE OF THE UPPER RIDGE IN THE  
WESTERN U.S. IS FORECAST TO INTERACT WITH THE SAME FRONT THAT BENDS  
BACK ACROSS THE GREAT PLAINS, WHERE ROUNDS OF RAIN AND  
THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY WITH POSSIBLY MULTIPLE MCSS. HIGH RAIN  
RATES SHOULD BE SUPPORTED AT TIMES WITH THE ABOVE NORMAL MOISTURE  
AND INSTABILITY WITH SOME AREAS POSSIBLY SEEING REPEATED ROUNDS OF  
STORMS AS THE FRONT BEGINS TO LIFT AS A WARM FRONT. THE REGION IS  
COVERED BY A MARGINAL RISK. SOME LINGERING MONSOONAL MOISTURE WILL  
KEEP CONVECTION POSSIBLE AROUND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO RESULTING  
IN ISOLATED FLOODING CONCERNS OVER SENSITIVE BURN SCARS.  
 
CAMPBELL  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
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