088  
FOUS30 KWBC 150743  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
343 AM EDT MON SEP 15 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 12Z MON SEP 15 2025 - 12Z TUE SEP 16 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA...  
 
CURRENT WV SATELLITE INDICATES A MATURING MID-LEVEL TROUGH SITUATED  
JUST OFF THE SC/GA COAST WITH A SURFACE LOW ANALYZED 150 MILES  
EAST OF KILM, MEANDERING AROUND AS THE UPPER PATTERN EVOLVES.  
EXPECTATION IS THE SURFACE LOW TO BE PULLED NORTHWEST OVER THE  
COURSE OF THE D1 WITH A CLOSER PROXIMITY TO THE NC COAST BY LATER  
THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITH A STRONG EAST TO NORTHEAST FLOW  
ANTICIPATED OVER THE NORTHERN FLANK OF THE SLP. CURRENT NAEFS  
ENSEMBLE OUTPUT IS FORECASTING A STOUT +2/+3 DEVIATION U-VECTOR  
WIND COMPONENT WITH ORIGINS STRAIGHT OFF THE ATLANTIC, A SIGNAL  
COINCIDENT WITH A ROBUST LOW-LEVEL MOISTURE ADVECTION REGIME INTO  
THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN FLANK OF THE LOW PRESSURE CENTER. PWATS  
ARE ANTICIPATED TO CLIMB CLOSER TO +1.5 DEVIATIONS ABOVE CLIMO,  
GOOD ENOUGH FOR OUTPUTS WITHIN THE 1.5-2" MARK ACROSS MUCH OF  
EASTERN NC INTO THE VA TIDEWATER. THE PERSISTENCE IN THE LOW-LEVEL  
FLOW AND MODEST ASCENT LOCATED WITHIN THE MATURING DEFORMATION AXIS  
WILL LEAD TO A LONG PERIOD OF HEAVY RAINFALL SITUATED ACROSS THE  
AFOREMENTIONED AREAS ABOVE, ALLOWING TOTALS TO REACH BETWEEN 2-4"  
OVER AREAS ALONG AND EAST OF I-95 AND NORTH OF US70 IN NC, AND  
BETWEEN 1-3" ACROSS THE VA TIDEWATER.  
 
00Z HREF IS PRETTY ROBUST IN THE DEPICTION FOR THE ABOVE TOTALS  
FORECAST WITH SOME EMBEDDED CONVECTIVE ELEMENTS LIKELY TO SPUR  
RATES BETWEEN 1-2"/HR AT TIMES, MAINLY ACROSS NORTHEAST NC WHERE  
STRONGEST 850-700MB FGEN SIGNALS ALIGN EARLY THIS EVENING INTO THE  
OVERNIGHT HOURS. HREF NEIGHBORHOOD AND EAS PROBS FOR >2" ARE PRETTY  
HIGH FOR THE REGION WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD >3" SIGNAL SETTLING  
BETWEEN 50-90% FOR THE ZONE REFERENCED ABOVE IN NC. ANTECEDENT  
DRIER SOILS LEADING IN WILL HELP CURB SOME OF THE FLASH FLOODING  
CONCERNS INITIALLY, BUT THE LONG-STANDING HEAVY RAIN THREAT, AND  
EMBEDDED CONVECTIVE POTENTIAL THE SECOND HALF OF THE FORECAST COULD  
LEAD TO ISOLATED/SCATTERED BOUTS OF FLASH FLOODING AS THE EVENT  
CONTINUES. THE PREVIOUS MRGL RISK WAS EXPANDED TO ALIGN WITH THE  
TRENDS IN THE >3" NEIGHBORHOOD PROB SIGNAL IN THE HREF, AND TO  
ACCOUNT FOR THE LATEST ECMWF EFI SIGNAL EXTENDED A BIT FURTHER WEST  
THAN WHERE WE HAD THE PREVIOUS MRGL RISK LOCATED.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z TUE SEP 16 2025 - 12Z WED SEP 17 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF THE SOUTHWEST, THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS, AND VIRGINIA/NORTH  
CAROLINA...  
   
..SOUTHWEST
 
 
SCATTERED CONVECTIVE PATTERN WILL INITIATE ON TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND  
EARLY EVENING BEFORE FADING WITH THE LOSS OF DIURNAL HEATING.  
CURRENT PROGS ARE FOR CONVECTION TO BE TIED CLOSER TO THE TERRAIN  
ACROSS SOUTHEAST AZ INTO SOUTHERN NM WITH ISOLATED SIGNATURES OF  
>1"/HR PLAUSIBLE IN THE STRONGER CELL CORES. THESE AREAS GENERALLY  
PRONE TO RUNOFF DUE TO TERRAIN COMPLEXITIES, AS WELL AS REMNANT  
BURN SCARS PRESENT IN SOME LOCATIONS. MAINTAINED CONTINUITY FROM  
INHERITED MRGL RISK WITH SOME MINOR ADJUSTMENTS TO REMOVE EL PASO  
PROPER.  
   
..CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS
 
 
STRONG SHORTWAVE TROUGH EJECTION OUT OF THE INTERIOR NORTHWEST WILL  
LEAD TO CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT AND REGIONAL ENHANCEMENT ACROSS THE  
CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS. GREATEST ASCENT IS ALIGNED WITH THE DIFFLUENT  
REGION OF THE MID-LEVEL SHORTWAVE WITH LEFT-EXIT REGION DYNAMICS  
LIKELY TO MAINTAIN A PREVALENT HEAVY RAIN SIGNATURE ACROSS THE  
WESTERN THIRD OF NE DOWN INTO NEIGHBORING NORTHEAST CO AND  
NORTHWEST KS. HEAVIEST RAIN COULD REMAIN JUST OUTSIDE OF THE RISK  
AREA ACCORDING TO SOME GUIDANCE LEADING TO LOW PROBABILITY OF FLASH  
FLOODING DUE TO THE OCCURRENCE WITHIN THE WESTERN SAND HILLS.  
THERE'S STILL A GOOD AGREEMENT ON LOCALIZED MAXIMA WITHIN THE HI-  
RES ENSEMBLE MEANS, PIN-POINTING THE AREA WEST OF NORTH PLATTE, NE  
AS ONE OF THE FAVORABLE SPOTS FOR CONVECTIVE IMPACTS. FFG'S IN THIS  
CORRIDOR ARE LOWER THAN THE NEIGHBORING SAND HILL DOMAIN, SO THE  
MRGL RISK REMAINS RELATIVELY SMALL.  
   
..VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA
 
 
OUR SURFACE LOW WILL MATURE AND OCCLUDE BY TUESDAY AFTERNOON AS THE  
CLOSED HEIGHT FIELDS INDICATE THE 850/700/500 MB LOWS BECOMING  
VERTICALLY STACKED LEADING TO A SLOW DECAY OF THE SURFACE LOW BY  
THE SECOND HALF OF THE PERIOD. PERSISTENT HEAVY RAIN POTENTIAL WILL  
LINGER ACROSS EASTERN NC UP INTO THE VA TIDEWATER LEADING TO  
MULTI-DAY TOTALS REACHING 2-4" WITH LOCALLY UPWARDS OF 6-7" OVER  
THE SPAN OF 48 HRS. DESPITE THE DRIER SOILS LEADING INTO THE EVENT,  
THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT WILL LEAD TO AREAL FLOODING CONCERNS FOR  
PORTIONS OF THE ABOVE LOCATIONS. SOME WESTERLY PUSH OF THE HEAVIER  
QPF IS PROGGED IN THE FRONT HALF OF D2 LEADING TO SOME AREAS IN  
NORTH-CENTRAL NC UP THROUGH SOUTH-CENTRAL VA POSSIBLY SNEAKING INTO  
THE FLASH FLOOD THREAT. THE ONLY GOOD NEWS IS THE WEAKENING SURFACE  
LOW WILL LEAD TO DEGRADING RATES EVENTUALLY, AND SLOW WANE ON THE  
THREAT. THE MRGL RISK INHERITED WAS MAINTAINED WITH SOME MINOR  
WESTERLY EXPANSIONS TO ACCOUNT FOR RECENT TRENDS IN THE ENSEMBLE  
MEANS.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z WED SEP 17 2025 - 12Z THU SEP 18 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PARTS OF THE  
NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS, SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS, AND SOUTHEAST  
FLORIDA...  
   
..NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS
 
 
A STRONG MID-LEVEL SHORTWAVE TROUGH WILL EJECT INTO THE WY FRONT  
RANGE AND EVENTUALLY CLOSE OFF ACROSS NE GENERATING A MATURING LEE  
CYCLONE ACROSS THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS. THE SETUP WILL LIKELY CAUSE  
QUITE A ROBUST DEFORMATION SIGNATURE ON THE NORTHWEST FLANK OF THE  
CYCLONE WITH ENSEMBLE MEAN QPF PLACEMENT SITUATED OVER WESTERN NE  
UP THROUGH SOUTHWESTERN SD, ARCING BACK INTO THE NOSE OF THE WARM-  
CONVEYOR BELT ON THE NORTHEAST SIDE OF THE SYSTEM. THIS IS A  
CLASSIC MID-LATITUDE LEE CYCLOGENESIS SETUP WITH A STRONG JET  
COUPLING LEADING TO BROAD LARGE SCALE FORCING AND WIDESPREAD PRECIP  
ACROSS THE PLAINS. EASTERN SIDE OF THE CYCLONE WILL EXHIBIT THE  
BEST CONVECTIVE POTENTIAL WHILE THE DEFORMATION AXIS PROVIDES A  
SOLID PRECIP FIELD WITH MODERATE TO LOCALLY HEAVY RATES FOR SEVERAL  
HRS. IN THAT NORTHWEST SIDE OF THE LOW. TOTALS >2" ARE FORECAST  
WITHIN THE MEANS ACROSS WESTERN NE INTO SD WITH SCATTERED ELEVATED  
QPF ACROSS THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN LOCATED IN EASTERN SD AND NE.  
THIS SETUP IS CONDUCIVE FOR AT LEAST SOME ISOLATED TO SCATTERED  
FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS CONSIDERING THE SYNOPTIC EVOLUTION. THIS WAS  
ENOUGH TO WARRANT A MRGL RISK IN THOSE AREAS DEEMED THE BEST CHANCE  
FOR HEAVY RAIN PROSPECTS.  
   
..SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
 
 
MATURING LEE SIDE LOW TO THE NORTH WILL HELP DRAG A TRAILING COLD  
FRONT THROUGH THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS ON WEDNESDAY.  
THE FRONT WILL SLIP SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ONCE DOWN NEAR THE  
LATITUDE OF THE OK PANHANDLE, LEADING TO A MORE TEXTBOOK BACKDOOR  
FRONTAL PROGRESSION AS IT ENTERS INTO THE NORTHERN TX PANHANDLE AND  
NORTHEAST NM. FLOW BEGINS TO RUN MORE PARALLEL TO THE BOUNDARY IN  
THESE ZONES WHEN ASSESSING FORECAST SOUNDINGS FROM RELEVANT GLOBAL  
DETERMINISTIC. THE KEY IN THE SETUP IS A RELATIVELY SOLID  
ISENTROPIC ASCENT PATTERN IN A SMALL ZONE BORDERING CO/OK/NM/TX  
WITH CROSS-SECTION VIEWS OVER THE AREA DISPLAYING A CLASSIC SLOPED  
LOW-LEVEL SURFACE FGEN WITH STRONG OMEGA CORRELATING TO RAPID  
ASCENT AS THE FRONT PROGRESSES THROUGH THE AREA. LOCALLY ENHANCED  
CORRIDOR OF PRECIP WILL TRANSPIRE ALONG AND IN WAKE OF THE FRONT  
WITH LOCAL MAXIMA OF 1.5" TO AS MUCH AS 3" PLAUSIBLE DURING THE  
EVENT. THIS COULD BE ENOUGH FOR AN ISOLATED FLASH FLOOD THREAT,  
ESPECIALLY IN THOSE SMALLER URBAN AREAS SITUATED ACROSS THE 4 STATE  
INTERSECTION. A MRGL RISK HAS BEEN ADDED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE THREAT.  
   
..SOUTHEAST FLORIDA
 
 
STALLED FRONT WITH AN ENHANCED MOISTURE RETURN ACROSS SOUTH FL WILL  
LEAD TO A HEIGHTENED THREAT FOR FLASH FLOODING OVER THE URBAN  
CENTERS OF SOUTHEAST FL. DETERMINISTIC OUTPUT IS SCATTERED IN THE  
EXACT LOCATION OF THE HEAVIEST PRECIP, RANGING FROM THE KEYS UP TO  
WEST PALM BEACH AND EVERYWHERE IN-BETWEEN. THE SETUP IS  
HISTORICALLY FAVORABLE FOR FLASH FLOOD CONCERNS OVER THE URBAN  
ZONES OF SOUTHEAST FL WITH PWATS HOVERING BETWEEN 2-2.3", A SOLID  
1/1.5 DEVIATIONS ABOVE NORMAL. IN COORDINATION WITH THE MIAMI WFO,  
A MRGL WAS MAINTAINED FOR THAT URBANIZED COASTAL CORRIDOR BETWEEN  
WEST PALM DOWN TO MIAMI PROPER SINCE THIS IS THE MOST LIKELY  
LOCATION FOR FLASH FLOODING IN THIS TYPE OF SETUP. WILL MONITOR  
CONVECTIVE TRENDS AS WE GET CLOSER TO SEE IF THIS NECESSITATES ANY  
EXPANSION, OR EVEN A TARGETED UPGRADE.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 
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