734  
FOUS30 KWBC 181550  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
1050 AM EST TUE NOV 18 2025  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 16Z TUE NOV 18 2025 - 12Z WED NOV 19 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS WESTERN  
ARIZONA, FAR SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA, AND FAR SOUTHEASTERN  
NEVADA...  
   
..SOUTHWEST U.S
 
 
16Z UPDATE: CURRENT RADAR AND IR SATELLITE COMPOSITE CONTINUES TO  
INDICATE A BROAD AREA OF DIFFLUENCE WITHIN THE EASTERN PERIPHERY OF  
A CLOSED ULL SITUATED JUST OFF THE CA COAST. RADAR INDICATIONS AND  
OBSERVATIONAL GROUND TRUTH PINPOINT SOME INSTANCES OF LOCALLY  
MODERATE TO OCCASIONALLY HEAVY RAIN THIS MORNING ACROSS WESTERN AZ,  
ALIGNMENT WITHIN THE GREATEST MUCAPE AND DEEPEST MOISTURE PRESENCE  
IN THE PROXIMITY OF 0.9-1.1" PWATS. BOTH 12Z RAOB SOUNDINGS OUT OF  
KVEF (LAS VEGAS, NV) AND K1Y7 (YUMA, AZ) INDICATE RELATIVELY DEEP  
SATURATION WITHIN THE PROFILE AND PWATS WELL WITHIN THE 90-99TH  
PERCENTILE OVERALL FOR THE TIME OF YEAR. THESE INDICATORS ARE  
TEXTBOOK FOR MORE EFFICIENT RAINFALL PROSPECTS, ESPECIALLY WITH THE  
ADDITIONAL INSTABILITY MAXIMA EXPECTED LATER DURING PRIME  
DIFFERENTIAL HEATING.  
 
A MORE DEFINED SHORTWAVE OVER BAJA IS CURRENTLY PROGRESSING NORTH-  
NORTHEASTWARD WITH AN INDICATION OF GREATER ASCENT BEING INITIATED  
ACROSS SOUTHWEST AZ AT THIS HOURS AS SCATTERED CONVECTIVE PULSES  
BEGIN MATERIALIZING TO THE EAST OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN. THIS  
HAS BEEN WELL-FORECAST WITHIN THE CAMS ON THE HOURLY OUTPUTS, AND  
SHOULD MAINTAIN SOME PERSISTENCE THE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS WITH THE  
CONVECTIVE FOOTPRINT SHIFTING NORTH WITHIN DEEP UNI-DIRECTIONAL  
STEERING FLOW POSITIONED ALONG THAT EASTERN FLANK OF THE UPPER-  
LEVEL CIRCULATION. THIS WOULD PUT AREAS FURTHER NORTH BETWEEN  
PRESCOTT, AZ TO LAKE HAVASU CITY, EXTENDING INTO THE SOUTHERN HALF  
OF CLARK COUNTY IN NV DURING THE PEAK OF THE LATE-MORNING AND  
AFTERNOON CONVECTIVE THREAT. HIGHEST HREF NEIGHBORHOOD  
PROBABILITIES FOR >2" OF PRECIP ALIGN WITHIN THAT GENERAL ZONE WITH  
THE HIGHEST PROBS >60% SITUATED BETWEEN PRESCOTT AND LAKE HAVASU  
CITY. CONSIDERING THE NATURE OF THE PRECIP LIKELY EXHIBITING MORE  
CONVECTIVE SCHEMES AND THE LOWER FFG PRESENCE IN THAT AREA OF THE  
SOUTHWEST CONUS, THERE IS ENOUGH TO WARRANT A CONTINUATION OF THE  
SLGT RISK FROM PREVIOUS FORECAST WITH A BROADER MRGL ENCOMPASSING  
THE LOWER DESERTS IN AZ/NV/CA, INCLUDING MAJOR METROS OF PHOENIX  
AND LAS VEGAS PROPER.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION..  
 
UPPER DIFLUENCE WILL BECOME QUITE PRONOUNCED OVER THE LOWER  
COLORADO RIVER VALLEY TODAY DOWNSTREAM OF A STRONG MID-LEVEL TROUGH  
APPROACHING FROM CALIFORNIA. MEANWHILE, POCKETS OF SURFACE HEATING,  
NEAR 50S F SURFACE DEWPOINTS, AND COLD AIR ALOFT WILL ALL COMBINED  
TO SUPPORT ONE OR TWO FOCUSED BANDS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS  
ESPECIALLY ACROSS WESTERN ARIZONA. THESE STORMS WILL MIGRATE  
QUICKLY TO THE NORTH GIVEN SEASONABLY STRONG WIND FIELDS ALOFT FOR  
STEERING. HOWEVER, PRONOUNCED BACKBUILDING SHOULD DEVELOP TOWARD  
THE SOURCE REGION OF NEARLY 1000 J/KG SBCAPE (ACROSS  
SOUTHWESTERN/WEST-CENTRAL ARIZONA) THAT SHOULD RESULT IN POTENTIAL  
FOR SEVERAL HOURS OF HEAVY RAINFALL. WHILE LOCAL RATES MAY NOT  
EXCEED 0.5 INCH/HR ON A WIDESPREAD BASIS, MULTIPLE HOURS OF  
CONVECTIVE TRAINING POTENTIAL WILL SUPPORT AT LEAST A FEW INSTANCE  
OF FLASH FLOODING AS RAINFALL TOTALS EXCEED 2 INCHES IN SEVERAL  
AREAS FROM MOHAVE TO YAVAPAI COUNTIES. A SLIGHT RISK HAS BEEN  
MAINTAINED FOR THIS OUTLOOK DUE TO THE AFOREMENTIONED TRENDS.  
 
A FEW AREAS OF HEAVIER RAINFALL MAY ALSO OCCUR ACROSS SOUTHEASTERN  
CALIFORNIA DURING THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING AS THE LARGE/COLD UPPER  
TROUGH MOVES INTO THAT AREA. BUOYANCY SHOULD BE A BIT WEAKER  
COMPARED TO FARTHER EAST, ALTHOUGH RECENT RAINFALL AND RELATIVELY  
WET SOILS SUGGESTS AT LEAST MODEST/ISOLATED EXCESSIVE RUNOFF  
POTENTIAL. MARGINAL RISK REMAINS IN PLACE FOR THIS SCENARIO.  
 
COOK  
   
..OHIO VALLEY
 
 
16Z UPDATE: LITTLE CHANGE NECESSARY IN THE PREVIOUS FORECAST AS THE  
PROSPECTS FOR FLASH FLOOD REMAIN WITHIN THE LOWER THRESHOLD OF A  
MRGL RISK, BUT STILL ENOUGH OF A SIGNAL TO WARRANT A GENERAL  
CONTINUATION. CAMS ARE STILL IN AGREEMENT ON SOME CONVECTIVE  
POTENTIAL LATER TODAY WITH THE AID OF SOME REGIONAL ASCENT STEMMING  
FROM THE PASSAGE OF A RELATIVELY STRONG SHORTWAVE TROUGH MIGRATING  
OUT OF THE MIDWEST THROUGH THE NORTHERN OHIO VALLEY. SURFACE LOW  
ACROSS THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY WILL SHIFT EASTWARD WITH A WARM  
FRONT ARCING OVER THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY WITH MODEST INSTABILITY  
FOCUSED ALONG AND SOUTH OF THE FRONT. GENERAL CONVERGENCE PATTERN  
WITHIN PROXY OF THE FRONT WILL BE THE BEST AREA OF INTEREST FOR  
SOME HEAVIER CONVECTIVE CORES WHICH ALIGNS WELL WITH THE HIGHER HREF  
PROB FIELDS FOR >1" AND >2" POTENTIAL WITH MODEST SIGNALS FOR EVEN  
>3" LOCATED OVER NORTHERN KY INTO SOUTHERN OH. THE MISSING PIECE IN  
ALL THIS IS A GREATER INSTABILITY MAXIMA, OR ANY IN THAT REGARD  
WITH THE SIGNAL LEANING PRETTY MUNDANE IN THAT DEPARTMENT FOR THE  
PERIOD. THIS SHOULD SUBDUE THE OVERALL SETUP TO WARRANT ONLY  
ISOLATED FLASH FLOOD INSTANCES WITH MORE OF THE RAIN LEANING THE  
BENEFICIAL SIDE OF THE PROVERBIAL IMPACT COIN. IN ANY CASE, THERE'S  
JUST ENOUGH OF A SIGNAL FOR A CELL OR TWO TO POTENTIALLY CAUSE  
PROBLEMS OVER AN AREA WHERE 1 AND 3-HR FFG'S RUNNING BETWEEN  
1-1.5", MATCHING THE PROSPECT RATE IN THE FORECAST. THIS LED TO A  
GENERAL CONTINUITY OF THE PREVIOUS MRGL WITH SOME TRIMMING ON THE  
WESTERN EDGE TO MATCH TRENDS IN GUIDANCE.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION..  
 
FARTHER EAST ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY, MODELS ARE ALL INDICATIVE OF  
SCATTERED, WEST-TO-EAST ORIENTED CONVECTION THAT SHOULD GRADUALLY  
PROPAGATE SOUTHEASTWARD THROUGH MUCH OF THE FORECAST PERIOD.  
SUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCES EXISTS, HOWEVER, WITH RESPECT TO PEAK  
PRECIP MAXIMA - NAM SOLUTIONS TEND TO FAVOR HIGHER PRECIPITATION  
TOTALS ACROSS SOUTHERN OHIO/NORTHERN WEST VIRGINIA ON THE NOSE OF  
CONFLUENT 850MB FLOW IN THAT AREA. OTHER SOLUTIONS AND HIGHER-RES  
GUIDANCE/CAMS POINT TO MORE BACKBUILDING AND TRAINING ACROSS  
KENTUCKY (AND PERHAPS AS FAR WEST AS THE MS/OH RIVER CONFLUENCE).  
THE SPREAD IN SOLUTIONS HAS NECESSITATED BROAD EXPANSIONS OF THE  
INHERITED MARGINAL RISK ACROSS THE REGION, ALTHOUGH THE LIKELIHOOD  
OF WIDESPREAD TRAINING AND OR GREATER-THAN-ISOLATED FLASH FLOOD  
POTENTIAL SEEMS A BIT ON THE LOW SIDE. MODEST PW VALUES (AROUND  
1-1.25 INCH) AND INSTABILITY (ESPECIALLY WITH EASTWARD EXTENT) ALSO  
SUPPORT THE NOTION OF RELATIVELY ISOLATED EXCESSIVE RUNOFF ISSUES.  
 
COOK  
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z WED NOV 19 2025 - 12Z THU NOV 20 2025  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS TO A PORTION OF THE ARKANSAS RIVER VALLEY AND  
OVER THE SOUTHWEST...  
 
MAINTAINED CONTINUITY ACROSS BOTH MARGINAL RISK AREAS BUT WITH  
MINOR ADJUSTMENTS BASED ON LATEST MODEL RUNS.  
 
THE UPPER LEVEL TROUGH MOVING ACROSS THE SOUTHWEST US CONTINUED TO  
TREND SOMEWHAT SLOWER THAN IN EARLIER MODEL RUNS...ALLOWING FOR  
MORE COVERAGE OF SCATTERED SHOWERS AND EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS ARE  
LIKELY TO PERSIST INTO WEDNESDAY ACROSS THESE AREAS. OVERALL IT  
LOOKS LIKE LESS OF A FOCUS THAN THE DAY 1 PERIOD BUT NONETHELESS  
STILL ENOUGH OF A CONVECTIVE SIGNAL TO SUGGEST LOCALIZED FLASH  
FLOODING COULD CONTINUE TO BE A CONCERN.  
 
FARTHER EAST...LOW LEVEL MOISTURE WILL START TO BE DRAWN NORTHWARD  
WITH DEWPOINTS IN THE 60S BY WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
TEXAS INTO EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN ARKANSAS. THAT SHOULD HELP  
FEED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHOWERS AND A FEW THUNDERSTORMS DURING THE  
LATTER HALF OF THE PERIOD...MORESO FROM LATE WEDNESDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY  
THURSDAY MORNING. MODEL GUIDANCE CONTINUED TO SHOW MOST-UNSTABLE  
CAPE VALUES PUSHING 1000 J PER KG AND PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES IN  
EXCESS OF 1.5 INCHES BECOMES ESTABLISHED ALONG AND SOUTH OF A FRONT  
FROM PARTS OF SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS INTO EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND  
WESTERN ARKANSAS. BASED ON THE GEFS...THE PRECIPITABLE WATER AXIS  
IS ROUGHLY BETWEEN 2 AND 2.5 STANDARDIZED ANOMALIES ABOVE  
CLIMATOLOGY FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR. BASED ON THAT  
COMBINATION...SUSPECT LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL RATES ARE POSSIBLE  
LEADING TO LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING CONCERNS. DETERMINISTIC QPF  
VALUES REMAIN FAIRLY MODEST...BUT WITH THE EVENT SPANNING INTO  
THURSDAY WITH BROADER AREAL COVERAGE AND AN INCREASING RISK OF  
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL...KEPT THE MARGINAL RISK ON THE CHANCE THAT THE  
EVENT BEGINS A LITTLE EARLIER THAN SHOWN BY THE CURRENT MODEL RUNS.  
 
BANN  
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z THU NOV 20 2025 - 12Z FRI NOV 21 2025  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF  
THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...  
   
..SOUTHERN PLAINS
 
 
THE FLOW ALOFT BACKS OVER PORTIONS OF TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA AND  
BECOMES INCREASINGLY DIFFLUENT THURSDAY MORNING AS AN UPPER TROUGH  
MAKES ITS WAY FROM THE SOUTHERN GREAT BASIN INTO AND ACROSS THE  
SOUTHERN ROCKIES. THIS CONFIGURATION ALOFT WITH INCREASINGLY MOIST  
FLOW IN THE LOW LEVELS AHEAD OF A SURFACE COLD FRONT WILL FOSTER  
AN ENVIRONMENT PRODUCING EXCESSIVE RAINFALL BY MEANS OF INTENSE  
RAINFALL RATES BY INDIVIDUAL STORMS AND BY TRAINING OF CELLS/REPEAT  
CONVECTION. THE AXIS OF HIGHEST PRECIPITABLE WATER  
VALUES...GENERALLY IN THE 1.5 TO 1.75 INCH RANGE...SETS UP OVER  
THE EASTERN HALF OF TEXAS INTO SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN  
ARKANSAS...IS ROUGHLY 2.5 STANDARDIZED ANOMALIES ABOVE CLIMATOLOGY  
FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR FEEDING INTO STORMS THAT FORM DURING THE  
AFTERNOON AND EVENING. LOCALIZED RAINFALL RATES IN EXCESS OF AN  
INCH PER HOUR ARE EXPECTED WITH SUCH A SET UP THAT RESULTS IN  
FLOODING OR PROBLEMS FROM RUN OFF IN REGIONS OF POOR DRAINAGE.  
MODEL DETERMINISTIC QPF IS GREATEST OVER PORTIONS OF OKLAHOMA INTO  
PORTIONS OF WESTERN ARKANSAS...ALTHOUGH THERE IS SOME POTENTIAL FOR  
HIGHER RAINFALL AMOUNTS DEVELOPING OVER PARTS OF CENTRAL TEXAS  
BASED ON HINTS FROM THE MODELS FOR CELL TRAINING THURSDAY NIGHT.  
   
..CALIFORNIA
 
 
MAINTAINED A MARGINAL RISK AREA INTRODUCED BY THE WPC MEDIUM RANGE  
DESK OVER PORTIONS OF COASTAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AS THE NEXT AREA  
OF LOW PRESSURE PRODUCES ANOTHER ROUND OF ON-SHORE FLOW OF MOISTURE  
AND ASSOCIATED RAINFALL THURSDAY INTO EARLY FRIDAY. RAINFALL  
AMOUNTS AT THIS POINT LOOK TO BE PRETTY MODEST BUT WILL BE FALLING  
ON AREAS WHERE ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN WET FOR THE BETTER  
PART OF 5 DAYS ALREADY. THAT MAY RESULT IN ADDITIONAL LOCALIZED  
FLOODING ON THURSDAY OR THURSDAY NIGHT.  
 
BANN  
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 
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