177  
FOUS30 KWBC 071859  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
259 PM EDT MON SEP 7 2026  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 16Z MON SEP 07 2026 - 12Z TUE SEP 08 2026  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR A PORTION OF  
NORTHWESTERN MONTANA...  
   
..16Z UPDATE
 
 
A MARGINAL RISK WAS ADDED FOR THE CENTRAL GULF COAST FROM FAR  
SOUTHEASTERN TEXAS INTO SOUTHWESTERN ALABAMA AND THE WESTERN  
FLORIDA PANHANDLE. MONDAY MORNING BLENDED TPW IMAGERY AND THE 12Z  
LIX SOUNDING SAMPLED ANOMALOUS MOISTURE OF 2.0 TO 2.3 INCHES FROM  
THE UPPER TEXAS COAST AND EASTWARD INTO NORTHERN FLORIDA, WHICH  
WAS WEAKLY ANOMALOUS FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR (STANDARDIZED ANOMALIES  
UP TO +1). WHILE NOT PARTICULARLY ANOMALOUS, THE MOISTURE COMBINED  
WITH MOSTLY CLEAR CONDITIONS SHOULD ALLOW FOR AMPLE INSTABILITY TO  
SUPPORT SCATTERED AFTERNOON/EVENING SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS.  
SLOW MOVEMENT, ESPECIALLY NEAR THE TEXAS/LOUISIANA BORDER WITH LESS  
THAN 10 KT OF MOTION, WILL SUPPORT HIGH RAINFALL RATES OF 2-3  
INCHES IN AN HOUR AT TIMES, (LOCALLY HIGHER POSSIBLE). SHOULD THESE  
HIGHER RATES OVERLAP WITH URBAN OR OTHERWISE SENSITIVE LOCATIONS,  
ISOLATED INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING COULD DEVELOP.  
 
THE ONLY OTHER CHANGE WITH THIS UPDATE WAS TO MAKE A MINOR  
EXPANSION TO THE MARGINAL RISK ACROSS THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY  
BASED ON TIMING AND THE LATEST 12Z HIRES MODEL GUIDANCE.  
 
OTTO  
   
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION FOLLOWS
 
 
   
..NORTHWEST MONTANA
 
 
A WELL DEFINED SHORTWAVE EXPECTED TO ROTATE NORTHEASTWARD FROM THE  
NORTHERN ROCKIES INTO THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS MONDAY. MODEL  
CONSENSUS IS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMA HEAD/DEFORMATION PRECIP  
BAND TO THE NORTHWEST OF THIS FEATURE ACROSS NORTHWESTERN PORTIONS  
OF MONTANA. THERE WILL LIKELY BE A PERIOD WHEN THIS COMMA  
HEAD/DEFORMATION BAND PIVOTS OVER NORTHWESTERN MONTANA, SUPPORTING  
HEAVY PRECIP TOTALS. THE SLIGHT AND MARGINAL RISK AREAS ACROSS THIS  
AREA WERE CHANGED SLIGHTLY FROM PREVIOUS ISSUANCES TO ALIGN BETTER  
WITH THE LATEST HREF AND RRFS NEIGHBORHOOD PROBABILITIES FOR 1 AND  
2"+ AMOUNTS.  
 
MARGINAL RISK AREAS  
   
..UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
 
 
THE HEIGHT FALLS EJECTING NORTHEASTWARD FROM THE NORTHERN ROCKIES  
INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS WILL STRENGTHEN THE LOW LEVEL SOUTHERLY  
FLOW ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE ASSOCIATED FRONTAL BOUNDARY, RAISING  
PW VALUES TO 1.75-2.00"+. OVERALL FAVORABLE LARGE SCALE CONDITIONS  
WILL SUPPORT POTENTIAL FOR ORGANIZED PRE-FRONTAL/FRONTAL  
CONVECTION OVER THE UPPER MS VALLEY. AT THE MOMENT, THIS CONVECTION  
SHOULD BE VERY PROGRESSIVE, LIMITING THE EXCESSIVE RAINFALL  
POTENTIAL TO MARGINAL. NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE MADE TO THE PREVIOUS  
OUTLOOK AREA ACROSS THIS REGION.  
   
..EASTERN ARIZONA INTO WESTERN TO CENTRAL NEW MEXICO
 
 
PW VALUES EXPECTED TO REMAIN ABOVE AVERAGE DAY 1 FROM EASTERN  
ARIZONA INTO WESTERN TO CENTRAL NEW MEXICO. WIDESPREAD SCATTERED  
CONVECTION POSSIBLE IN THIS HIGH PW AXIS,SUPPORTING LOCALLY HEAVY  
RAINS AND ISOLATED RUNOFF ISSUES.  
 
...NORTHEAST FLORIDA INTO COASTAL GEORGIA AND COASTAL SOUTHERN  
SOUTH CAROLINA...  
AN AXIS OF ABOVE AVERAGE PW VALUES WILL PERSIST DAY 1 FROM THE  
COASTAL SOUTHEAST INTO NORTHEAST FL. BOTH THE HREF AND RRFS  
NEIGHBORHOOD PROBABILITIES ARE FAIRLY HIGH IN THIS ABOVE AVERAGE PW  
AXIS FOR 2 AND 3"+ PRECIP TOTALS. NOT A LOT OF CONFIDENCE IN QPF  
DETAILS, BUT POTENTIAL FOR LOCALLY VERY HEAVY RAINS AND ISOLATED  
RUNOFF ISSUES, ESPECIALLY IN MORE URBANIZED AREAS. THE PREVIOUS  
MARGINAL RISK WAS REDUCED ALONG THE NORTHEASTERN GULF COAST TO  
WHERE THE HREF AND RRFS PROBABILITIES ARE GREATEST.  
 
ORAVEC  
 
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z TUE SEP 08 2026 - 12Z WED SEP 09 2026  
   
..THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER IOWA
 
 
2030Z UPDATE...  
   
..FLORIDA PENINSULA
 
 
ANOMALOUS PWS UP TO 2.25" AND A STALLED FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL  
UTILIZE 1,000-2,000 J/KG OF MLCAPE TO TRIGGER MORE SCATTERED  
THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING 2-3"/HR RAINFALL RATES. THE  
SETUP IS NOT TOO DIFFERENT THAN THE SETUP THAT IS SUPPORTING THE  
MARGINAL RISK FOR DAY 1, BUT THIS TIME HREF/REFS MEMBERS SHOW  
LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL RATES COULD RESIDE ALONG THE WESTERN COAST  
OF FL. SLOW STORM MOTIONS WITH THE AFOREMENTIONED RATES MENTIONED  
ABOVE SUGGEST THE POTENTIAL FOR A LOCALIZE FLASH FLOOD THREAT  
TUESDAY AFTERNOON.  
   
..MIDWEST & SOUTHWEST MARGINALS
 
 
THE MARGINAL RISKS IN THE MIDWEST AND THE SOUTHWEST WERE MERGED TO  
ACCOUNT FOR AN INCREASE IN WPC QPF OVER EASTERN CO AND FAR WESTERN  
KS. PWS ARE LIKELY TO SURPASS 1.25", WHICH IS ABOVE THE 97.5  
CLIMATOLOGICAL PERCENTILE PER ECMWF GUIDANCE, AND A NEARBY FRONTAL  
BOUNDARY WILL HELP TO GENERATE THUNDERSTORMS IN AN ENVIRONMENT  
CONTAINING 500-1,000 J/KG MUCAPE. THE QPF ALSO INCREASED ALONG THE  
COLD FRONT IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST, SUPPORTING AN  
EXPANSION OF THE MARGINAL IN THOSE AREAS.  
 
MULLINAX  
 
---PREVIOUS DISCUSSION---  
   
..UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE UPPER LAKES
 
 
THE SURFACE FRONT PUSHING EAST INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS DAY 1 WILL  
REMAIN VERY PROGRESSIVE DAY 2 INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI  
VALLEY/UPPER LAKES. THE PROGRESSIVE NATURE OF THE FRONT WILL  
CONTINUE TO BE A DETRIMENT TO WIDESPREAD RUNOFF ISSUES. HOWEVER,  
THE SOUTHWESTERN PORTION OF THIS FRONT WILL SLOW SOMEWHAT COMPARED  
TO THE FARTHER NORTHERN PORTION IN THE VICINITY OF EASTERN NE  
/NORTHEAST KANSAS, EAST INTO IOWA. ACROSS THESE REGIONS THERE IS A  
BETTER CHANCE OF A PERIOD OF TRAINING OF CELLS LATE TUESDAY/EARLY  
HOURS OF WEDNESDAY. THIS IS SHOWN IN THE LATEST GUIDANCE THAT HAS  
CONSENSUS FOR A HEAVIER AXIS OF QPF HERE. A SMALL SLIGHT RISK AREA  
WAS ADDED ACROSS PORTIONS OF CENTRAL TO SOUTHERN IOWA FOR THIS  
TRAINING POTENTIAL. RRFS NEIGHBORHOOD PROBABILITIES ARE FAIRLY HIGH  
FOR 1 AND 2"+ AMOUNTS ACROSS THE SLIGHT RISK AREA, WITH A SMALLER  
50%+ PROBABILITY FOR 3"+ AMOUNTS OVER EAST CENTRAL IOWA.  
 
MARGINAL RISK AREAS  
   
.EASTERN ARIZONA INTO WESTERN TO CENTRAL NEW MEXICO
 
 
NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DAY 2 TO THE AXIS OF ABOVE AVERAGE PW  
VALUES EXTENDING FROM EASTERN PORTIONS OF ARIZONA INTO WESTERN TO  
CENTRAL NEW MEXICO. CONTINUED LOW CONFIDENCE WITH QPF DETAILS, BUT  
POTENTIAL FOR ANOTHER ROUND OF WIDESPREAD SCATTERED CONVECTION  
ACROSS THIS AREA. LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN AND ISOLATED RUNOFF ISSUES  
AGAIN POSSIBLE. ANOMALOUS PW VALUES ALSO EXPECTED TO PUSH FARTHER  
NORTH FROM SOUTHERN CA INTO CENTRAL CA. AT THE MOMENT, MODELS ARE  
NOT SHOWING PRECIP DEVELOPING DAY 2 IN THIS ANOMALOUS AXIS.  
 
THE PREVIOUS MARGINAL RISK AREA OVER NORTHEAST MONTANA WAS REMOVED  
GIVEN LATEST MODEL QPF CONSENSUS. THE BROAD MARGINAL WAS ALSO  
REMOVED ALONG THE GULF COAST INTO FL GIVEN LESS ORGANIZED PRECIP  
THAN DAY 1  
 
ORAVEC  
 
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z WED SEP 09 2026 - 12Z THU SEP 10 2026  
 
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SIERRA  
INTO SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA, THE SOUTHWEST, THE MID MISSISSIPPI  
VALLEY INTO THE OHIO VALLEY AND NORTHERN NEW YORK STATE INTO  
NORTHERN VERMONT...  
 
2030Z UPDATE...  
 
THE MARGINALS IN THE SOUTHWEST AND NORTHEAST CONTAINED MINOR  
ADJUSTMENTS TO ACCOUNT FOR LATEST TRENDS IN GUIDANCE AND CHANGES  
IN WPC QPF. NO UPGRADES WERE MADE IN THOSE REGIONS. WHILE NO SLIGHT  
RISK WAS ISSUED THIS CYCLE, THERE WAS A NOTABLE BUMP IN QPF OVER  
PARTS OF THE MID MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS THAT LED TO SOME  
CONSIDERATION FOR A SLIGHT RISK, PARTICULARLY IN SOUTHERN MO.  
ASSESSING MODEL GUIDANCE SHOWED THE BOTH QPF TOTALS AND THE  
LOCATION OF QPF MAXIMA REMAINED UNCLEAR, AND SOILS IN SOUTHERN MO  
COULD USE THE RAIN GIVEN WORSENING DROUGHT CONDITIONS. WE WILL  
CONTINUE TO MONITOR MODEL TRENDS CLOSELY AS THE INGREDIENTS FOR  
SCATTERED INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING (ANOMALOUS PWS, AMPLE  
INSTABILITY, POTENTIAL TRAINING) WILL BE AVAILABLE TO DEVELOPING  
THUNDERSTORMS ON THURSDAY.  
 
MULLINAX  
 
---PREVIOUS DISCUSSION---  
   
..SIERRA, SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA, SOUTHWEST
 
 
A VERY BROAD AREA OF ANOMALOUS PW VALUES, 2 TO 3+ STANDARD  
DEVIATIONS ABOVE THE MEAN, WILL STRETCH DAY 3 FROM CENTRAL TO  
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, ACROSS THE SOUTHERN GREAT BASIN AND INTO THE  
SOUTHWEST. LATEST MODELS DO SHOW SCATTERED PRECIP IN THIS HIGH PW  
AXIS FROM THE SIERRA INTO SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA AND OVER THE  
SOUTHWEST. THE HEAVIEST TOTALS CONTINUE ACROSS SIMILAR AREAS DAY 1  
AND 2 FROM EASTERN ARIZONA INTO WESTERN TO CENTRAL NM WHERE A  
MARGINAL RISK CONTINUES DAY 3. THE MARGINAL RISK WAS EXPANDED  
NORTHWARD FROM DAY 2 INTO THE SIERRA TO CAPTURE ANY LOCALLY HEAVY  
PRECIP AMOUNTS IN THE MUCH ABOVE AVERAGE PW AXIS.  
   
..LOWER MISSOURI, MID MISSISSIPPI, OHIO VALLEY REGION
 
 
A SURFACE COLD FRONT EXPECTED TO SINK SOUTHWARD THROUGH THE MID  
MS, LOWER MO AND INTO THE OH VALLEY REGION DAY 3. PW VALUES  
EXPECTED TO REMAIN ANOMALOUS ALONG THIS FRONT WITH VALUES 2"+,  
SUPPORTING POTENTIAL FOR WIDESPREAD MODERATE TO LOCALLY HEAVY  
TOTALS. THE FRONT REMAINS VERY PROGRESSIVE TO THE SOUTH, WHICH  
ALONG WITH RELATIVELY HIGH FFG VALUES, WILL LIMIT WIDESPREAD RUNOFF  
POTENTIAL.  
   
..NORTHERN NY STATE INTO NORTHERN VERMONT
 
 
THE NORTHEASTERN PORTION OF THE FRONT MOVING SOUTH INTO THE MID MS  
VALLEY/OH VALLEY REGION WILL ALSO REMAIN VERY PROGRESSIVE TO THE  
EAST ACROSS THE EASTERN LAKES, NORTHERN NY STATE AND NORTHERN NEW  
ENGLAND. PW VALUES EXPECTED TO BE ANOMALOUS ALONG THIS PORTION OF  
THE FRONT ALSO, WITH VALUES 1.75-2.00"+. NO CHANGES TO THE  
MARGINAL RISK AREA FOR FAR NORTHERN NY STATE INTO NORTHERN VT WHERE  
MODEL CONSENSUS IS FOR MODERATE TO HEAVY PRECIP TOTALS. THE  
EXPECTED VERY PROGRESSIVE NATURE OF THE FRONT WILL BE A DETRIMENT  
TO WIDESPREAD RUNOFF ISSUES, BUT THE ANOMALOUS PW VALUES AND  
POTENTIAL FOR A BRIEF PERIOD OF TRAINING MAY PRODUCE ISOLATED  
ISSUES.  
 
ORAVEC  
 
 
DAY 4 AND DAY 5  
 
VALID 12Z THU SEP 10 2026 - 12Z SAT SEP 12 2026  
 
...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE  
CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND UPPER OHIO VALLEY ON THURSDAY...  
   
..CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND UPPER OHIO VALLEY
 
 
A FAST-MOVING COLD FRONT TRACKING EAST ACROSS THE MIDWEST WILL  
PROVIDE THE FORCING, COINCIDENT WITH A STRONG UPPER LEVEL SHORTWAVE  
TROUGH, FOR NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TO IMPACT THE  
CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND UPPER OHIO VALLEY THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND  
EVENING. AHEAD OF THIS FRONT, DEEP TROPICAL MOISTURE FROM OFF THE  
GULF WILL ADVECT NORTHEASTWARD INTO THE REGION. PWATS ARE EXPECTED  
TO EXCEED 1.75 INCHES, PERHAPS EXCEEDING 2 INCHES IN SPOTS, AS THE  
THUNDERSTORMS RUMBLE THROUGH. THE FRONT ITSELF WILL BE ALIGNED  
PARALLEL TO THE MOUNTAINS, MOVING SOUTHEASTWARD/PERPENDICULAR TO  
THE MOUNTAINS. THUS, IDEAL UPLIFT WILL BE IN PLACE AS THE FRONT  
HITS THE MOUNTAINS ALL AT ROUGHLY THE SAME TIME. THE NORTHWESTERLY  
FLOW BEHIND THE FRONT RUNNING STRAIGHT INTO THE MOUNTAINS WILL  
LOCALLY ENHANCE THE UPLIFT, AND THUS STRENGTHEN THE NUMEROUS STORMS  
EXPECTED THURSDAY AFTERNOON. SOIL MOISTURE LEVELS ARE ABOUT NORMAL  
FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR AND FFG VALUES ARE ONLY AROUND 1"/HR  
(CURRENTLY). FORTUNATELY, NO SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL IS EXPECTED IN  
THIS AREA UNTIL THURSDAY, WHICH SHOULD HELP MITIGATE SOME OF THE  
RESULTANT FLASH FLOODING AS THE STORMS MOVE THROUGH. HOWEVER, WITH  
IDEAL UPLIFT, THERE WILL LIKELY BE SOME TRAINING AND BACKBUILDING  
AS CONTINUED UPLIFT THROUGH THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING ALLOWS REPEAT  
THUNDERSTORMS TO DEVELOP ON THE WINDWARD SIDES OF THE MOUNTAINS,  
THEN CONTINUE ADVECTING SOUTHEASTWARD.  
 
GIVEN THE ABUNDANT MOISTURE AND FORCING PRESENT, AS WELL AS THE  
FLASH-FLOOD-PRONE NATURE OF MANY OF THE MOUNTAIN AND RIVER VALLEYS  
OF THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS, AS WELL AS ANY URBAN CONCERNS FROM  
PITTSBURGH SOUTH THROUGH CHARLESTON, THE SLIGHT RISK AREA WAS  
MAINTAINED WITH THIS UPDATE. MODEL GUIDANCE IS IN GOOD AGREEMENT  
ON THE POSITION OF THE FRONT DURING THIS PERIOD, WITH THE STORMS  
MOVING THROUGH AT PEAK HEATING...MAXIMIZING THEIR RAINFALL OUTPUT.  
   
..MARGINAL RISKS
 
 
ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST AND FLORIDA PENINSULA, ROUNDS OF AFTERNOON  
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED BOTH THURSDAY AND FRIDAY AS  
MOISTURE LEVELS REMAIN ELEVATED AND WINDS ALOFT ARE LIGHT. TYPICAL  
HEAVY RAINS ARE EXPECTED ALONG THE GULF COAST. WHILE ANY ONE STORM  
IS UNLIKELY TO CAUSE FLASH FLOODING, THE WIDESPREAD COVERAGE OF  
STORMS AND THE DECENTLY HIGH LIKELIHOOD THAT STORMS WILL IMPACT  
MORE FLOOD- SENSITIVE URBAN AREAS LED TO THE CONTINUATION OF THE  
MARGINAL RISK FOR THESE AREAS.  
 
THE MONSOON IN THE SOUTHWEST WILL BE ONGOING BOTH THURSDAY AND  
FRIDAY, BUT ITS COVERAGE AND INTENSITY SHOULD BE SUBDUED COMPARED  
TO RECENT DAYS. THUS, THE MARGINAL RISKS ARE GENERALLY CONFINED TO  
ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO.  
 
A STRONG SHORTWAVE WILL TRACK ALONG THE MONTANA/CANADA BORDER  
THURSDAY NIGHT INTO FRIDAY, BUT MOST OF THE GUIDANCE INDICATES THAT  
THE HEAVIEST RAIN WILL REMAIN IN CANADA. IN ADDITION, LITTLE TO NO  
INSTABILITY SHOULD KEEP RATES IN CHECK DESPITE FFG VALUES  
0.75-1.25"/HR. REMOVED THE MARGINAL RISK FOR D5 WITH THIS UPDATE.  
 
FRACASSO/WEGMAN  
 
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 

 
 
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