965  
FOUS30 KWBC 300055  
QPFERD  
 
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION  
NWS WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER COLLEGE PARK MD  
855 PM EDT TUE SEP 29 2026  
 
DAY 1  
VALID 01Z WED SEP 30 2026 - 12Z WED SEP 30 2026  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE  
SOUTHWEST INTO THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...  
 
01Z UPDATE...  
THE THREAT OF FLASH FLOODING...WITH SOME LOCALIZED CONSIDERABLE  
IMPACTS...WILL CONTINUE THROUGHOUT THE OVERNIGHT HOURS FROM THE  
SOUTHWESTER U.S. ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF THE ROCKIES AND  
OUT ONTO THE ADJACENT CENTRAL PLAINS. RADAR AND SATELLITE TRENDS  
FROM THE LATE AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING ALLOWED FOR SOME OF THE  
OUTLOOK AREAS TO BE TRIMMED FROM THE WESTERN EXTENT.  
HOWEVER...MOISTURE WITH A SUBTROPICAL CONNECTION REMAINS IN PLACE  
WITH FAVORABLE UPPER FLOW PATTERN TO MAINTAIN THE THREAT. AS THE  
MOISTURE EMERGES OVER THE PLAINS AND INTERACTS WITH AN AMPLIFYING  
SYNOPTIC SCALE TROUGH OVER THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE  
COUNTRY...SHIFTED THE AXIS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL THREAT SOUTHWARD  
TO FOLLOW THE TREND FIRST STARTED IN THE 29/12Z SUITE OF GUIDANCE,  
OTHERWISE...THE CHANGES TO THE ON-GOING OUTLOOK WERE GENERALLY  
SMALL.  
 
INTRODUCED A MARGINAL RISK AREA OVER THE SOUTHWESTERN FLORIDA  
PENINSULA AS AN AREA OF SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORMS APPROACHED THE  
COASTLINE AS OF 00Z ALONG AN INVERTED TROUGH.  
 
BANN  
 
16Z UPDATE: THE MAIN PREMISE OF THE FORECAST REMAINS UNCHANGED WITH  
A SIGNIFICANT, WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAINFALL THREAT ACROSS MUCH OF  
AZ/NM INTO PORTIONS OF WEST TX AS THE TROPICAL REMNANTS OF POLO  
MAKE THEIR WAY NORTHWARD, CONTRIBUTING TO A PROMINENT FLASH FLOOD  
PROSPECT OVER THE DESERT SOUTHWEST INTO THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS.  
12Z CAMS CONTINUE TO PINPOINT A SIGNIFICANT HEAVY RAIN THREAT  
ACROSS SOUTHEASTERN AZ, INCLUDING THE TUSCON AREA WHERE 2"/6-HR  
PROBABILITIES RUNNING >70% FOR MUCH OF THE AREA, A THRESHOLD THAT  
TYPICALLY VERIFIES MORE SUBSTANTIAL FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS IN THAT  
AREA, HISTORICALLY. THE ENVIRONMENT ACROSS THE SOUTHWEST REMAINS  
RIPE FOR HEAVY RAINFALL RATES BETWEEN 1-2"/HR AND POTENTIAL FOR  
WIDESPREAD 2-4" TOTALS, LOCALLY HIGHER GIVEN THE DEEP MOISTURE  
PROFILES STEMMING FROM ADVECTION OF POLO'S MOISTURE BEING PULLED  
POLEWARD. LATEST 500MB ANALYSIS INDICATES THE EVOLUTION WE HAVE  
BEEN ANTICIPATING THE LAST SEVERAL FORECAST CYCLES AS THE MID-LEVEL  
ENERGY FROM HURRICANE POLO BEGINS TO INTERACT AND COUPLE WITH THE  
UPPER LEVEL LOW (ULL) CURRENTLY POSITIONED OVER THE COLORADO RIVER  
BASIN OUT BETWEEN AZ/CA/NV. EXPECTATION IS FOR THE MAIN ENERGY FROM  
POLO TO BECOME FULLY INCORPORATED INTO THE ULL LEADING TO THE  
ADDITION OF STRONGER VORTICITY ADVECTION INTO THE OVERALL SETUP  
THAT WILL MATERIALIZE OVER THE COURSE OF THE D1 AND BEYOND.  
 
TIME FRAMES OF NOTE WILL INCLUDE NOW THROUGH 00Z ACROSS SOUTHEAST  
AZ AS THE INITIAL SURGE OF CONVECTION WILL OCCUR OVER THE AREA WITH  
A QUASI-LINEAR BAND OF HEAVY RAINFALL WILL INITIATE OVER EASTERN  
PIMA COUNTY AND SLIDE EAST-NORTHEAST THROUGH THE COURSE OF THE  
AFTERNOON. THIS WILL LEAD TO WIDESPREAD FLASH FLOOD CONCERNS OVER  
THE I-19 CORRIDOR FROM THE BORDER TO NORTH OF TUSCON WITH THE  
COMPLEX OF THUNDERSTORMS LIKELY EXPANDING EAST INTO IMPACT AREAS  
ALONG AND NORTH OF I-10 INTO WESTERN NM. THIS AREA IS WHERE THE  
SIGNAL IS VERY PREVALENT FOR RAINFALL TOTALS >3" WITH THE LATEST  
12Z HREF BLENDED MEAN QPF BETWEEN 3-5" OVER THE AREA JUST NORTHEAST  
OF TUSCON INTO WESTERN NM WITH THE MAXIMUM LOCATED WITHIN THE  
APACHE AND GILA NATIONAL FORESTS. LATEST PROBABILITIES FOR >3" ARE  
SUBSTANTIAL IN THAT SAME AREA WITH THE EXTENSION OF 60-90+%  
PROBABILITIES ALL THE WAY INTO TUSCON PROPER WHICH ENHANCES THE  
THREAT OF THE LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOOD CONCERNS IN THE  
REGION.  
 
AS WE EXPAND FURTHER EAST, THE REST OF NM WILL BECOME INUNDATED  
WITH WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAINFALL LATE-AFTERNOON THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT  
TIME FRAME WITH THE HEAVIEST RAINFALL POSITIONED OVER THE SOUTHERN  
AND EASTERN AREA OF THE STATE. REMNANT MOISTURE AND VORTICITY  
ADVECTION BEING ABSORBED INTO THE UPPER PATTERN WILL CO-LOCATE  
WITHIN THE AREA FROM FAR WEST TX TO POINTS NORTHEAST LEADING TO  
SUBSTANTIAL CONVECTIVE COVERAGE, AS WELL AS SOME ORGANIZATION  
TRENDS THAT ARE CONDUCIVE FOR MORE APPRECIABLE HEAVY RAIN  
FOOTPRINTS. THE AREAS OF CONCERN WILL LIE WITHIN THE UPPER TRANS  
PECOS FROM CLINES CORNER DOWN TO THE SOUTHEASTERN REACHES OF NM,  
INCLUDING THE MORE FLASH FLOOD PRONE AREAS ALONG THE PECOS RIVER  
(ROSWELL-ARTESIA-CARLSBAD) WHERE THE COMBINATION OF SMALL STREAM  
AND ARROYO FLOODING AND URBANIZATION WILL LIKELY PROVIDE AN AVENUE  
FOR MORE LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS THIS EVENING AS  
A PROLIFIC LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS MOVES THROUGH THE AREA. LATEST 12Z  
KEPZ RAOB THIS MORNING CAME IN WITH PWATS OF 1.55", A DAILY  
MAXIMUM ALREADY ESTABLISHED FOR THE DATE, AND WELL BEYOND THE 95TH  
PERCENTILE FOR SEASONAL CLIMATOLOGY. CURRENT FORECAST IS FOR PWATS  
TO RISE FURTHER, PUTTING THE REGION WITHIN HISTORICAL THRESHOLDS  
WHEN IT COMES TO SOME OF THE HIGHER PWAT READINGS IN GENERAL. THIS  
TYPE OF ENVIRONMENT TYPICALLY PRECLUDES MORE SUBSTANTIAL FLASH  
FLOOD CONCERNS, AND THIS SETUP IS NO DIFFERENT. EXPECT THE EASTERN  
NM HIGH PLAINS, UPPER TRANS PECOS, SACRAMENTO MOUNTAINS, AND  
ADJACENT WEST TX HIGH PLAINS FROM THE TX PANHANDLE INTO THE PERMIAN  
BASIN TO BE UNDER THE THREAT OF ENHANCED FLASH FLOOD CHANCES  
THROUGH THE BACK HALF OF D1, BLEEDING INTO D2.  
 
A TARGETED MDT WAS ADDED OVER THE AZ/UT FOR THE CENTRAL PORTIONS OF  
THE BORDERING AREA DUE TO ANOTHER ROUND OF CONVECTION OCCURRING  
THIS AFTERNOON UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE ULL. ONGOING FLOODING  
OVER THE AREA ENHANCES SENSITIVITIES FOR THE AREA WITH LOCAL FFG'S  
BASICALLY AS LOW AS THEY COULD GO BEFORE MORE FLOODING ENSUES. IN  
COORDINATION WITH THE LOCAL SLC AND FGZ WFO'S, A MDT RISK WAS ADDED  
TO TARGET THIS SPECIFIC AREA WITH AN ADDITIONAL 1-2" OF PRECIPITATION  
POSSIBLE IN ANY CONVECTION THAT OCCURS THIS AFTERNOON. THIS THREAT  
WILL WANE WITH THE LOSS OF DIURNAL HEATING AROUND SUNSET.  
 
BROAD SLGT RISK CONTINUES OVER THE CENTRAL PLAINS WITH A BIT MORE  
OF AN ISENTROPIC PATTERN MATERIALIZING ACROSS KS INTO NE/IA WHICH  
WILL LIKELY INCLUDE SOME CONVECTIVE SCHEMES, BUT LESS INSTABILITY  
AND A LESS ROBUST DEEP MOISTURE PRESENCE COMPARED TO AREAS OF THE  
SOUTHWEST WILL LIMIT THE THREAT TO MORE SCATTERED FLASH FLOOD  
CONCERNS THIS EVENING. 12Z HREF EAS PROBABILITIES FOR >1" ARE STILL  
FAIRLY ROBUST (50-80%) OVER THE AREA FROM NORT-CENTRAL KS UP  
THROUGH THE MISSOURI RIVER VALLEY AND ADJACENT CORN BELT AREAS OF  
IA, BUT THE >2" SIGNAL DROPS OFF CONSIDERABLY WHICH NOTES A LIMIT  
TO THE UPPER THRESHOLD OF THE FORECAST WHICH CURBS THE THREAT  
CLOSER TO A SLGT FOR THIS PERIOD.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
 
DAY 2  
VALID 12Z WED SEP 30 2026 - 12Z THU OCT 01 2026  
 
...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, AS WELL AS THE CORN BELT...  
   
..FRONT RANGE TO SOUTHERN PLAINS
 
 
20Z UPDATE: MATURING LEE CYCLONE ACROSS THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN  
HIGH PLAINS WILL ALLOW FOR A CONTINUED HEAVY RAIN THREAT ACROSS THE  
SANGRE DE CRISTOS INTO THE SAN JUAN RANGE AS THE FLOW SHIFTS OUT  
OF THE NORTHEAST ALONG THE NORTHWEST PERIPHERY OF THE SURFACE LOW,  
CREATING A TEXTBOOK UPSLOPE FLOW REGIME TO PERPETUATE THE RAINFALL  
OVER THE TERRAIN OF SOUTHERN CO INTO NORTHERN NM. THE PROSPECTS OF  
FLASH FLOODING WILL BE ENHANCED DUE TO THE ANTECEDENT MOIST SOILS  
BROUGHT ABOUT BY PRIOR PERIODS OF RAINFALL, SOME OF WHICH WILL  
LIKELY CAUSE FLASH FLOODING IN THEIR OWN RIGHT, LEADING TO A  
HEIGHTENED PROBABILITY FOR FLOODING GIVEN THE OVERLAPPING NATURE OF  
HEAVY PRECIP. 12Z HREF CONTINUES TO ADVOCATE FOR SIGNIFICANT  
TOTALS, 2-4" WITH LOCALLY HIGHER, OF ADDITIONAL PRECIP WITHIN THE  
MOUNTAINS OF THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES INTO THE FRONT RANGE AS THE  
COMBINATION OF UPSLOPE FLOW AND ENHANCED AXIS OF DEFORMATION WILL  
LEAD TO TWO PRIMARY PERIODS OF HEAVY PRECIP; ONCE IN THE MORNING  
AND THEN ONCE AGAIN IN THE EVENING AS WE SEE THE SURFACE LOW  
INTENSIFY AND STRONG MID- LEVEL VORTICITY ADVECTION PIVOTS AROUND  
THE ULL CENTER. HREF PROBABILITIES, BOTH EAS AND NEIGHBORHOOD  
PROBABILITIES FOR >2" REMAIN VERY HIGH ACROSS THE AFOREMENTIONED  
AREA LEADING TO HIGH CONFIDENCE OF THE HEAVY RAIN THREAT WITH  
MULTI-DAY TOTALS LIKELY BREACHING 3" OVER A LARGE AREA OVER THE  
FRONT RANGE OF SOUTHEASTERN CO INTO NORTHERN NM. THE PREVIOUS MDT  
RISK WAS MAINTAINED WITH LITTLE ADJUSTMENT GIVEN THE CONTINUED  
SIGNAL.  
 
ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS FROM OKLAHOMA DOWN THROUGH TEXAS, THE  
SETUP IS MORE CLASSIC WITH REGARDS TO INCREASING LOW-LEVEL  
CONVERGENCE ALONG A PROPAGATING COLD FRONT THAT WILL MATERIALIZE  
FROM THE SURFACE CYCLOGENESIS OVER THE HIGH PLAINS. THE FLOW WILL  
BE FAIRLY MERIDIONAL AHEAD OF THE SLOW-MOVING MEAN TROUGH/ULL  
MOVING THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST U.S. CREATING A BROAD AREA OF  
RELATIVELY BACKED FLOW ACROSS PORTIONS OF WEST TX INTO THE RED  
RIVER VALLEY DOWN THROUGH THE CENTRAL RIO GRANDE VALLEY (RGV) AND  
EDWARDS PLATEAU BY WEDNESDAY EVENING INTO EARLY THURSDAY MORNING.  
MODEL CONSENSUS IS FOR THE INITIATION OF HEAVY CONVECTION ALONG THE  
FRONT AS IT MIGRATES OUT OF THE HIGH PLAINS OF TX WITH THE WESTERN  
PERIPHERY OF PRECIP LIKELY DEVELOPING FROM THE WESTERN ROLLING  
PLAINS DOWN INTO THE LOWER TRANS PECOS AND ADJACENT CONCHO VALLEY  
BY LATE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. THIS WILL SET THE STAGE FOR A  
BROADENING CONVECTIVE FOOTPRINT OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AS THE  
WARM SECTOR ENVIRONMENT WITH DEEP TROPICAL MOISTURE PRESENCE WILL  
INTERACT WITH THE FRONTAL PROGRESSION AS IT SLOWLY MOVES EASTWARD  
THROUGH THE AREA WEDNESDAY NIGHT. MODELS INDICATE A FORMIDABLE  
35-45KT LLJ STRUCTURE SITUATED FROM THE RGV UP INTO THE CENTRAL  
PLAINS AS THE WARM SECTOR MATURATION WILL BE WELL-DEFINED WITH  
CONTINUED MOISTURE ADVECTION POLEWARD UNTIL THE FRONT PASSES OVER  
ANY GIVEN AREA. MLCAPE BETWEEN 1500-2500 J/KG BISECTING THE EASTERN  
TWO-THIRDS OF THE REGION WILL OFFER PLENTY OF INSTABILITY TO  
COUPLE WITH 30-40KT EFFECTIVE BULK SHEAR, CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT  
CONDUCIVE FOR STRONGER MESOCYCLONE CORES AND MERGING MULTI-CELL  
CLUSTERS THAT WILL PROVIDE HEAVY RAIN FOR A LARGE AREA COME  
WEDNESDAY EVENING.  
 
HREF NEIGHBORHOOD PROBS FOR >3" ARE UPWARDS OF 60-90% OVER THE  
AREA FROM THE LOWER TRANS PECOS TO THE CENTRAL RED RIVER VALLEY  
BETWEEN TX/OK WITH AN AVERAGE OF 40-60% OVER THE ENTIRE STRETCH  
FROM EAGLE PASS, TX UP TOWARDS NORMAN, OK. THIS IS A SUBSTANTIAL  
AREA OF HEIGHTENED PROBS FOR 3" WITH MODEST PROBS (25-50%) FOR >5"  
LOCALLY WITH THE BEST SIGNAL OVER THE LOWER TRANS PECOS AND  
NORTHERN HILL COUNTRY BETWEEN SAN ANGELO AND FORT WORTH. THIS IS  
MORE THAN SUFFICIENT FOR A CONTINUATION OF THE MDT RISK WITH SOME  
ADJUSTMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR A BIT SLOW FORWARD PROPAGATION FORECAST  
ON THE NORTHERN EDGE OF THE LINE THAT SHOULD KEEP THE WORST OF THE  
RAINFALL JUST WEST OF THE DFW METROPLEX. THIS WILL BE AN AREA TO  
KEEP WATCHING OVER THE NEXT 24 HRS AS THE THREAT FOR MORE  
APPRECIABLE URBAN FLOODING IN A SCENARIO WHERE THE LINE MAKES  
HEADWAY INTO THE METRO.  
   
..CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE CORN BELT
 
 
THE MATURING CYCLONE OVER THE HIGH PLAINS WILL LEAD TO A  
PROGRESSIVE WARM FRONT ON THE EASTERN FLANK OF THE LOW WITH A  
GENERAL WARM SECTOR EVOLUTION OCCURRING FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS  
INTO THE SOUTHERN REACHES OF THE MIDWEST. RAINFALL FROM ISENTROPIC  
ASCENT WILL ALREADY BE OCCURRING ON THE NORTHERN PERIPHERY OF THE  
LOW, BUT LIMITED INSTABILITY WILL MAINTAIN MORE "SUBDUED" RATES  
THAT ARE COINCIDENT WITH MORE APPRECIABLE FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS.  
BY WEDNESDAY EVENING, THAT WILL NO LONGER BE THE CASE AS THE WARM  
FRONT PROGRESSION WILL OPEN THE DOOR TO A MORE FAVORABLE  
ENVIRONMENT WITH MODEST INSTABILITY DEVELOPMENT ALONG AND SOUTH OF  
THE FRONT WHICH IS CLASSIC FOR THESE MATURING LEE CYCLONES. PWAT  
ANOMALIES OF +2 TO +3 DEVIATIONS WILL HAVE ADVECTED INTO THE REGION  
CREATING A FORMIDABLE DEEP LAYER MOISTURE PROFILE TO COUPLE WITH  
THE TALL, SKINNY CAPE SIGNATURES EXPECTED OVER THE CENTRAL PLAINS  
INTO NORTHERN MO AND SOUTHERN TO CENTRAL IA.  
 
AS OF THIS TIME, THERE IS A STRENGTHENING CONSENSUS FOR HEAVY  
RAINFALL POTENTIAL ACROSS NORTHERN KS INTO SOUTHEASTERN NE A STRONG  
SHORTWAVE EJECTION IS ANTICIPATED ON WEDNESDAY EVENING WITH A  
BUDDING LLJ OCCURRING AHEAD OF THE TROUGH LOCATED OVER THE ROCKIES.  
CONVECTION WILL BREAKOUT BY WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON AND EXPAND  
NORTHEASTWARD INTO THE MISSOURI RIVER VALLEY AND NEIGHBORING CORN  
BELT BY WEDNESDAY NIGHT WITH TRAINING CONVECTION WITHIN PROXIMITY  
OF THE WARM FRONT. CELLS WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE WARM SECTOR AND  
MOVE NORTHEAST, IN TANDEM WHICH WILL EVENTUALLY FEED INTO THE  
LIKELY CONVECTIVE CLUSTER MIGRATING ALONG THE FRONT FROM NORTH-  
CENTRAL KS INTO SOUTHERN NE, EVENTUALLY MAKING HEADWAY INTO WESTERN  
AND CENTRAL IA AFTER NIGHTFALL. THE SUFFICIENTLY BUOYANT  
ENVIRONMENT AND DEEP MOISTURE PRESENCE WILL LEAD TO HOURLY RAINFALL  
RATES BETWEEN 1-2"/HR IN THE STRONGEST CELL CORES WITH SOME  
REPEATING ACTION ALONG THE WARM FRONT. THIS HAS LED TO SOME ROBUST  
SIGNALS IN THE DETERMINISTIC CAMS AND ASSOCIATED HREF BLENDED MEAN  
QPF OUTPUT WHICH SHOWS A GENERAL 2-4", LOCALLY AS HIGH AS 6" OVER  
THE COURSE OF WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON INTO EARLY THURSDAY MORNING. THE  
MOST NOTABLE AREA WAS THAT CORRIDOR FROM THE KS/NE BORDER UP  
THROUGH OMAHA OVER INTO DES MOINES WITH A HIGHER QPF FOOTPRINT  
SITUATED ALONG AND SOUTH OF I-80. THERE WILL LIKELY BE A SHARP  
CUTOFF IN THE GREATEST THREAT FOR FLASH FLOODING AS NORTH OF THE  
WARM FRONT WILL ALLOW FOR A MORE STABLE ENVIRONMENT AND LESS OF THE  
THREAT OF THE HIGHER RATES COINCIDENT WITH FLASH FLOODING. 12Z HREF  
FFG EXCEEDANCE PROBABILITIES OVER 3HRS NOTES A MAXIMUM PROB OF  
30-50% FROM HASTINGS OVER INTO OMAHA AND SURROUNDING AREAS FROM  
00-09Z, ALIGNING WELL WITH A PROLONGED 1"/HR OR GREAT RATE  
FORECAST WITHIN THAT ZONE OVER THE PERIOD OF TIME IN QUESTION.  
 
IN COORDINATION WITH SEVERAL WFO'S OVER THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND  
MIDWEST, A MDT RISK WAS ADDED FOR THE NEW D2 UPDATE WITH HIGHEST  
CONFIDENCE IN THAT AREA BETWEEN I-70 TO I-80 OVER KS/NE/IA.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
 
DAY 3  
VALID 12Z THU OCT 01 2026 - 12Z FRI OCT 02 2026  
 
...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS  
OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...  
 
20Z UPDATE: LITTLE CHANGES WERE NECESSARY FOR THE PREVIOUS MDT RISK  
ISSUANCE AS THE OVERALL SYNOPTIC SETUP REMAINS RELATIVELY  
UNCHANGED. EXPECTATION IS FOR CONSIDERABLE RAINFALL TO CONTINUE  
ACROSS SOUTH-CENTRAL TX UP THROUGH THE DFW METROPLEX INTO EASTERN  
OK ON THURSDAY AS THE COLD FRONT SLOWLY ADVANCES THROUGH THE  
SOUTHERN PLAINS. THE PRIMARY INSTABILITY AXIS IS POSITIONED RIGHT  
ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE THE SOUTHERN AREA OF THE  
MIDWEST WITHIN A BROAD WARM SECTOR THAT DEVELOPED OVER THE COURSE  
OF THE PRIOR 24 HRS INTO THE NEW D3. RAINFALL POTENTIAL OVER THE  
HILL COUNTRY IS THE MOST NOTABLE AREA FOR APPRECIABLE IMPACTS AS  
THE THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING TIME FRAME COULD SPELL ANOTHER  
PERIOD WHERE 2-4", LOCALLY HIGHER TOTALS ARE PLAUSIBLE LEADING TO  
LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOOD PROSPECTS GIVEN THE SENSITIVITY OF  
THE AREA IN GENERAL. PWATS OVER 2" WITH SUFFICIENT LOW-LEVEL  
BUOYANCY WILL CREATE A SUITABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR HEAVY RAINFALL WITH  
RATES LIKELY BETWEEN 1-2"/HR WITH AS HIGH AS 3-4"/HR FOR INTRA-HOUR  
RATE POTENTIAL, A SIGNATURE NOTORIOUS FOR ELEVATED FLASH FLOOD  
CONCERNS WITHIN THE HILL COUNTRY AND THE I-35 CORRIDOR. THIS HAS  
LED TO A MAINTENANCE OF THE MDT RISK OVER THE AREA, EXPANDING  
NORTHWARD INTO PORTIONS OF EASTERN OK.  
 
THE AREA FURTHER NORTH INTO IA/IL/MO WILL BE ANOTHER AREA TO  
MONITOR CLOSELY AS THE PROLONGED DIFFLUENT FLOW OVER THE PLAINS  
INTO THE MIDWEST WILL LEAVE THE DOOR OPEN FOR MORE HEAVY RAINFALL  
OVER A BROAD AREA OF UNCHARACTERISTICALLY HIGH PWATS THANKS TO AN  
AIRMASS COINCIDENT WITH THE REMNANTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE POLO.  
PWATS BETWEEN 2-2.25" OVER THE MIDWEST AND MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY  
WILL BE UPWARDS OF 3-4 STANDARD DEVIATIONS ABOVE NORMAL, AN ANOMALY  
THAT WILL LIKELY FLIRT WITH SOME OF THE DAILY AND EVEN MONTHLY  
MAXIMA FOR PWATS OVER THIS GENERAL AREA AS NOTED VIA THE NAEFS  
ANOMALY PERCENTILES. A BROAD SLGT RISK WITH HIGH-END SLGT FORECAST  
OVER THE AREA JUST WEST OF CHICAGO BACK DOWN THROUGH THE EAST-  
CENTRAL PLAINS AND MID-MISSISSIPPI AREA OF MO WILL BE A FOCAL POINT  
FOR CONVECTION AND SCATTERED TO POTENTIALLY WIDESPREAD FLASH  
FLOODING CONCERNS BY THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. THIS AREA WILL  
BE ASSESSED IN FUTURE UPDATES FOR POSSIBLE UPGRADES.  
 
KLEEBAUER  
 
..PREVIOUS DISCUSSION..  
 
DURING THIS PERIOD A POSTIVELY-TITLED UPPER LEVEL TROUGH IS  
EXPECTED TO WEAKEN, THEN STALL OVER THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN  
PLAINS. ALONG THE SURFACE FRONTAL BOUNDARIES HEAVY RAINFALL WILL  
PERSIST WITH POTENTIALLY NUMEROUS INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING FOR  
THE SOUTHERN PLAINS. A MODERATE RISK WAS MAINTAINED SOUTHEAST  
OKLAHOMA TO THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY AND SOUTH TEXAS WHERE LARGE-  
SCALE ASCENT AFFORDED IN PART BY FAVORABLE UPPER JET FORCING WILL  
CONTINUE TO INTERACT WITH AN AXIS OF ANOMALOUS MOISTURE (2-2.25+  
INCH PWS). THIS MULTIPLE DAY EVENT WILL HAVE POSSIBLE OVERLAP, THUS  
KEEPING AN ELEVATED RISK FOR FLOODING.  
 
A BROAD SLIGHT RISK EXTENDING NORTH FROM TEXAS TO WISCONSIN AND  
NORTHERN INDIANA AND THEN WEST TO EASTERN COLORADO. WHILE AREAL  
AVERAGE RAINFALL AMOUNTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LESS IN THIS REGION,  
MOISTURE DRAWN NORTH AND FOCUSING AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT SETTLING  
SOUTH ACROSS THE REGION IS LIKELY TO FUEL THE POTENTIAL FOR  
WIDESPREAD MODERATE TO LOCALIZED HEAVY RAINFALL, RESULTING IN AT  
LEAST ISOLATED RUNOFF CONCERNS.  
 
CAMPBELL/PEREIRA  
 
 
DAY 4 AND DAY 5  
 
VALID 12Z FRI OCT 02 2026 - 12Z SUN OCT 04 2026  
 
...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF  
SOUTHERN TEXAS ON DAY 4 AND FROM THE CENTRAL GULF COAST INTO THE  
TENNESSEE VALLEY ON DAY 5...  
 
2030Z UPDATE...  
DETERMINISTIC AND ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE MAINTAINED DECENT RUN TO RUN  
CONTINUITY THAT RESULTED IN FEW CHANGES NEEDED TO THE PREVIOUSLY  
ISSUED EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OUTLOOK ON EITHER DAY 4 OR DAY 5. THE  
LARGE SCALE PICTURE STILL FEATURES DEEP MOISTURE STREAMING  
NORTHWARD FROM THE GULF OF AMERICAN INTO PLACE AHEAD OF A LARGE  
SCALE MID-LATITUDE TROUGH DIGGING SOUTH- AND EAST-WARD, SPAGHETTI  
PLOTS FROM THE EC ENSEMBLES SUGGESTED EXPANDING THE OUTLOOK AREAS  
WESTWARD A BIT...MORESO ON DAY 4. BUT THE CHANGE DOES NOT REFLECT A  
FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT IN FORECAST REASONING.  
 
BANN  
 
PREVIOUS OUTLOOK DISCUSSION...  
 
DAY 4...  
MID-LEVEL ENERGY ASSOCIATED WITH THE TROUGH MOVING INTO  
THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS ON THURSDAY WILL REMAIN OVER THE  
REGION INTO AT LEAST THE EARLY PART OF THE WEEKEND. DEEP MOISTURE  
WILL REMAIN AS WELL OVER PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS --  
MAINTAINED BY BACKING LOW LEVEL WINDS TAPPING GULF MOISTURE AND  
DRAWING IT WESTWARD INTO A LINGERING LOW LEVEL BOUNDARY. AS THIS  
MOISTURE INTERACTS WITH THE SLOW-MOVING MID-LEVEL ENERGY THAT IS  
FORECAST TO REMAIN OVER THE AREA, THERE WILL CONTINUE TO BE SOME  
POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAINFALL PRODUCING STORMS, IMPACTING SOME AREAS  
THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE LEFT VULNERABLE TO EXCESSIVE RUNOFF BY THE  
PREVIOUS DAY(S) HEAVY RAINS. WHILE FORECAST CONFIDENCE HAS  
DIMINISHED SOME, THERE REMAINED ENOUGH OF A SIGNAL IN THE  
OVERNIGHT GUIDANCE THAT SHOWED ADDITIONAL HEAVY ACCUMULATIONS  
CENTERED ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTH TO SOUTH-CENTAL TEXAS TO MAINTAIN A  
SLIGHT RISK OVER THE REGION. FARTHER NORTH AND EAST, A COLD FRONT  
WILL CONTINUE TO SETTLE SOUTHEAST THROUGH THE OHIO VALLEY, WITH  
SOME POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN ALONG AND AHEAD OF THE BOUNDARY.  
SUPPORTED BY DEEP SOUTHERLY FLOW ALONG THE WESTERN EXTENT OF THE  
SUBTROPICAL RIDGE, GUIDANCE CONTINUES TO SHOW A BROADENING POOL OF  
ANOMALOUS MOISTURE SPREADING FROM THE GULF COAST INTO THIS  
BOUNDARY. MID-LEVEL ENERGY EMBEDDED WITHIN THE FLOW MAY HELP  
PRODUCE AREAS OF HEAVY RAIN, WITH SOME GUIDANCE INDICATING HEAVY  
AMOUNTS ALONG THE GULF COAST FROM MISSISSIPPI TO THE FLORIDA  
PANHANDLE THIS PERIOD.  
 
DAY 5...  
MOISTURE WILL CONTINUE TO DEEPEN FROM THE GULF COAST NORTHWARD INTO  
THE TENNESSEE VALLEY -- WITH PW ANOMALIES INCREASING TO 2-3 STD  
DEV ABOVE NORMAL ACROSS MUCH OF THE REGION DURING THIS PERIOD. A  
SLIGHT RISK WAS DRAWN ALONG THE AXIS OF DEEPEST MOISTURE (PWS AT  
OR ABOVE 2.25 INCHES) WHICH IS EXPECTED TO EXTEND FROM THE CENTRAL  
GULF COAST NORTHWARD INTO AN AREA OF ENHANCED ASCENT CENTERED IN  
THE VICINITY OF THE TENNESSEE VALLEY. THE PREVIOUSLY NOTED FRONT  
DROPPING SOUTH INTO THE AREA ALONG WITH MID-LEVEL ENERGY EMANATING  
FROM THE PLAINS ARE EXPECTED TO HELP FOCUS HEAVY RAINFALL  
DEVELOPMENT OVER THIS REGION. FORECAST CONFIDENCE WAS LIMITED IN  
PART BY MODEL SPREAD REGARDING THE PLACEMENT OF THE FRONT, WHICH IS  
LIKELY TO PLAY A ROLE IN WHERE THE HEAVIEST AMOUNTS OCCUR.  
THEREFORE, NOTABLE ADJUSTMENTS TO AT LEAST THE NORTHERN EXTENT OF  
THE SLIGHT RISK MAY BE REQUIRED IN FUTURE UPDATES.  
 
PEREIRA  
 
 
DAY 1 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/94EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 2 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/98EPOINTS.TXT  
DAY 3 THREAT AREA: HTTPS://WWW.WPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/99EPOINTS.TXT  
 

 
 
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