398  
FXUS61 KCTP 292157  
AFDCTP  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA  
557 PM EDT WED MAR 29 2023  
   
SYNOPSIS  
 
A STRONG COLD FRONT WILL SWEEP SOUTHEAST FROM LAKE ERIE ACROSS  
THE ALLEGHENIES THIS EVENING ACCOMPANIED BY LOCALLY HAZARDOUS  
TRAVEL CONDITIONS. A RAPID DROP IN TEMPERATURES TONIGHT WILL  
PRECEDE DRY WEATHER TOMORROW. THEN,A WARMING TREND IS EXPECTED INTO  
THE WEEKEND WITH PERIODS OF RAIN AND STRONG GUSTY WINDS AS  
MARCH ENDS MORE LIKE A LION THAN A LAMB. THE PATTERN WILL REMAIN  
BREEZY AND TURN NOTICEABLY COLDER INTO SATURDAY NIGHT FOLLOWED  
BY IMPROVING CONDITIONS AND A NICE START TO THE FIRST WEEK OF  
APRIL.  
 
 
   
NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM THURSDAY MORNING/  
 
PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES AND A SEASONABLE DAY ONGOING ACROSS THE  
COMMONWEALTH. CLOUD COVER WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE AND SPREAD  
SOUTHEASTWARD THIS AFTERNOON AS A MILDER WEST/SOUTHWEST WIND  
PICKS UP THIS AFTERNOON. VERY STEEP LOW LEVEL LAPSE RATES (ON  
THE ORDER OF 10C/KM) WITH MIXING UP TO 8-10KFT WILL HELP BRING  
25 TO 35 MPH WIND GUSTS TO THE SURFACE ACROSS NW PA AS THE  
AFTERNOON WEARS ON. STILL ON TRACK FOR MAXTS RANGING FROM THE  
UPPER 40S IN THE WESTERN & NORTHERN MTNS TO THE MIDDLE AND TO  
UPPER 50S ACROSS CENTRAL RIDGES THROUGH THE SUSQUEHANNA VALLEY.  
 
A STRONG COLD FRONT IS PROGGED TO PLOW SOUTHEAST FROM LAKE ERIE  
ACROSS THE WESTERN & CENTRAL ALLEGHENIES THIS EVENING. THE  
HIRES CAMS SHOW A BAND OF MODERATE TO LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN AND  
SNOW SHOWERS ACCOMPANYING THE FRONT THROUGH THE REGION. THERE IS  
EVEN ENOUGH INSTABILITY TO THE MENTION A SLIGHT CHANCE OF A  
THUNDERSTORM THANKS TO A STRENGTHENING LOW LEVEL THERMAL  
GRADIENT AND STEEP LAPSE RATES. SPC HAS ALSO INCLUDED NORTHWEST  
AND NORTH CENTRAL PA IN THE DAY 1 GENERAL T-STORM OUTLOOK.  
 
TONIGHT'S SYSTEM WILL BRING REDUCED VISIBILITY, GUSTY WINDS,  
AND PLUMMETING TEMPERATURES, BUT THE ORDER AND TIMING OF THESE  
HAZARDS WILL BE VERY IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER WITH EXPECTED  
IMPACTS. A BURST OF LOCALLY HEAVY SNOW SHOWERS AND GUSTY WINDS  
WILL BRING A SHARP DROP IN VISIBILITY IN NORTHWEST PA AND AS FAR  
SOUTHEAST AS THE I-80/I-99 CORRIDOR. HREF PROBABILITIES OF  
SNOWFALL RATES >1" PER HOUR PEAK AROUND 60% IN NORTHERN CENTRAL  
PA. A MITIGATING FACTOR FOR IMPACTS FROM HEAVY SNOWFALL RATES  
WILL BE VERY WARM ANTECEDENT ROAD CONDITIONS. RWIS SITES SHOW  
ROAD TEMPERATURES IN THE 60S TO 80S F AS OF 1PM AND THESE  
TEMPERATURES WILL CERTAINLY RISE FOR THE NEXT COUPLE HOURS  
THROUGH PEAK HEATING. ALTHOUGH THE SNOWFALL RATES & GUSTY WINDS  
ARE OFTEN CHARACTERISTIC OF SNOW SQUALLS, THE COLD AIR WILL  
TRAIL BEHIND THE COLD FRONT AND SHOULD MITIGATE FLASH FREEZE  
POTENTIAL COINCIDENT WITH PRECIPITATION. AT MOST, WOULD EXPECT  
SOME SLUSHY ROADWAYS IN NORTHWEST PA AND PERHAPS ALONG US-6, BUT  
ROADWAYS FARTHER SOUTH AND EAST (I-80, I-99) SHOULD PRIMARILY  
REMAIN WET (ICE FREE) WHEN VISIBILITIES ARE REDUCED FROM  
PRECIPITATION. THE BEST ODDS FOR SNOW ACCUMS WILL BE ON GRASSY  
OR ELEVATED SURFACES, WHERE UP TO 1 INCH IS POSSIBLE.  
 
SOON AFTER THE COLD FRONT SWEEPS THROUGH AND PRECIPITATION ENDS,  
TEMPERATURES WILL PLUMMET BEHIND THE FRONT (10-20F OVER A  
SEVERAL HOUR DURATION). THIS COULD LEAD TO A FLASH FREEZE AND  
RESULT IN ICY SPOTS ON BRIDGES, OVERPASSES, AND UNTREATED  
SECONDARY ROADS. THE WPC WINTER STORM SEVERITY INDEX SHOWS  
MODERATE IMPACTS FROM FLASH FREEZE ACROSS NORTHWEST PA WITH  
MINOR IMPACTS EXTENDING TO THE I-99/I-80 CORRIDOR. THOUGH THE  
FLASH FREEZE WILL BE DISPLACED FROM THE PRECIPITATION AS IS  
TYPICAL FOR A SNOW SQUALL, THE COMBINATION OF BRIEF HEAVY SNOW,  
SUDDEN DROPS IN VISIBILITY, AND SHARPLY COLDER  
TEMPERATURES/FLASH FREEZE ALL CONTRIBUTE TO THE POTENTIAL FOR  
LOCALLY HAZARDOUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS THROUGH THIS EVENING.  
 
THE FRONTAL PRECIP BAND IS EXPECTED TO WEAKEN AS IT CONTINUES  
TO DESCEND THE HIGHER TERRAIN WITH DOWNSLOPE FLOW LIKELY HELPING  
TO LIMIT RAIN/SNOW SHOWERS FROM REACHING SOUTHEAST OF THE  
I81/I78 CORRIDOR. PRECIPITATION ALONG THE FRONT SHOULD CLEAR THE  
AREA BY MIDNIGHT AND ANY LINGERING SNOW SHOWERS BEHIND THE  
FRONT SHOULD DISSIPATE BY THURSDAY MORNING AS 1030MB HIGH  
REACHES WESTERN PA. BY THURSDAY MORNING, EXPECT CLEAR SKIES AND  
LOW TEMPERATURES RANGING FROM NEAR 20F IN THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS  
TO AROUND FREEZING IN THE LOWER SUSQUEHANNA VALLEY.  
 
 
   
SHORT TERM /6 AM THURSDAY MORNING THROUGH SATURDAY/  
 
EXPECT ANOTHER RELATIVE COOL DOWN ON THURSDAY WITH HIGHS 5F TO  
10F LOWER VS. WEDNESDAY. THAT SAID, THE COOL DOWN MAY NOT BE  
QUITE AS NOTICEABLE AS THE MONDAY-TUESDAY TEMP TRANSITION WITH  
A MUCH LIGHTER WIND AND PLENTY OF SUNSHINE. HIGHS IN THE 40-50F  
RANGE WILL BE 5-15F BELOW LATE MARCH CLIMO. AN INCREASING  
SOUTHERLY FLOW AND DEVELOPING WAA PATTERN SHOULD FAVOR A NON  
DIURNAL TEMP TREND THURSDAY NIGHT WITH AND MINTS A FEW TO  
SEVERAL DEGREES WARMER THAN WEDNESDAY NIGHT.  
 
HIGH PRESSURE WILL SLIDE OFF THE EAST COAST FRIDAY MORNING WITH  
A SOUTHERLY FLOW DEVELOPING. THIS SHOULD LEAD TO SIGNIFICANTLY  
MILDER TEMPERATURES FOR THE END OF THE WEEK AND INTO THE FIRST  
PART OF THE WEEKEND. CURRENT GUIDANCE SUPPORTS TEMPERATURES IN  
THE 50S AND 60S ON FRIDAY WITH AN ADDITIONAL 10 DEGREES ADDED TO  
THOSE HIGHS ON SATURDAY AFTERNOON. THE REALIZATION OF SUCH WARM  
TEMPERATURES ON FRIDAY AND SATURDAY WILL BE DEPENDENT ON THE  
EXTENT OF PRECIPITATION DURING THE DAY AND HOW QUICKLY A STRONG  
COLD FRONT MOVES THROUGH. THERE REMAINS SOME UNCERTAINTY IN  
TIMING AND EXTENT OF PRECIPITATION, BUT CONFIDENCE IS HIGH IN A  
WIDESPREAD SOAKING RAINFALL FRI-SAT.  
 
AS THE COLD FRONT SWEEPS THROUGH ON SATURDAY, TIMING WILL BE  
IMPORTANT FOR THE POTENTIAL THREAT OF SEVERE WEATHER. ARRIVAL IN  
THE AFTERNOON DURING PEAK HEATING ON SATURDAY WOULD FAVOR MORE  
STORMS AND PERHAPS HIGHER SEVERE WEATHER CHANCES. EARLIER/LATER  
ARRIVAL IN THE MORNING OR LATE EVENING WOULD LIMIT THE SEVERE  
THREAT, BUT IT BEARS WATCHING. RAIN MAY ALSO MIX WITH OR CHANGE  
TO WET SNOW BEHIND THE FRONT LATER SATURDAY NORTH AND WEST OF  
THE I-99 AND I-80 CORRIDOR, WITH LITTLE TO NOT ACCUM EXPECTED.  
 
AHEAD OF AND AFTER THE COLD FRONT SWEEPS THROUGH, EXPECT GUSTY  
WINDS TO DEVELOP THANKS TO A DEEPENING SURFACE LOW OVER QUEBEC.  
THE WIND THREAT LOOKS FORMIDABLE WITH THIS SYSTEM AND GUSTS IN  
EXCESS OF 40MPH APPEAR PLAUSIBLE FOR MOST OF THE AREA SATURDAY  
AFTERNOON.  
 
 
   
LONG TERM /SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/  
 
THE BLUSTERY WINDS WILL BEGIN TO DIMINISH SATURDAY NIGHT, AND  
ANY LINGERING RAIN/SNOW SHOWERS ACROSS THE NORTH/WEST SHOULD  
TAPER OFF AS HIGH PRESSURE BUILDS IN FROM THE OHIO VALLEY.  
 
AFTER A SEASONABLY CHILLY SUNDAY, TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED TO  
MODERATE HEADING INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK. MEDIUM RANGE MODELS SHOW  
PREDOMINANTLY ZONAL UPPER LEVEL FLOW TO BEGIN THE WEEK, WITH A  
WEAK SHORTWAVE CROSSING THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES MON  
NIGHT INTO TUESDAY ALONG WITH AN ASSOCIATED WEAK COLD FRONT.  
 
HOWEVER, THERE ARE SOME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEDIUM RANGE  
MODELS WITH THE SENSIBLE WEATHER EARLY NEXT WEEK. THE 12Z/29  
GFS/GEFS ALLOWS THE WEAK COLD FRONT TO TAP INTO SOME GULF  
MOISTURE AND PRODUCES A FEW RAIN SHOWERS MON NIGHT INTO TUESDAY,  
WHILE THE 00Z/29 ECMWF/ECENS SHOWS A DRIER SOLUTION. REGARDLESS,  
BOTH MODELS ARE IN AGREEMENT IN BRINGING A MORE SIGNIFICANT  
FRONTAL SYSTEM INTO THE AREA BY THE MIDDLE OF NEXT WEEK WITH A  
BETTER SHOT AT SOME WET WEATHER.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /22Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY/  
 
THE FOCUS THIS EVENING WILL BE ON A POTENT COLD FRONT  
CROSSING CENTRAL PA IN THE 21Z-03Z TIMEFRAME. STEEP LAPSE RATES  
AHEAD OF THE FRONT WILL RESULT IN WEST TO SOUTHWESTERLY WIND  
GUSTS BETWEEN 20-25KTS OVER MUCH OF THE REGION THIS EVENING AND  
25-30KTS OVER THE NORTHWEST MOUNTAINS.  
 
CONVECTION-ALLOWING MODELS ALL SUPPORT A BAND OF SNOW  
SHOWERS/SQUALLS ACCOMPANYING THE FROPA OVER THE N AND W MTNS  
THIS EVENING. A BRIEF DIP TO LIFR VSBYS APPEARS VERY LIKELY AT  
KBFD BETWEEN 22Z-23Z, WHILE A DIP TO IFR/LIFR IS LIKELY AT KJST  
BETWEEN 00Z-01Z. IMPACTS SHOULD BE LESS SIGNIFICANT FURTHER  
SOUTH AND EAST, AS THE BAND OF SHOWERS IS LIKELY TO EITHER  
DISSIPATE OR FALL PRIMARILY AS RAIN OVER THE LOWER ELEVATIONS OF  
THE SUSQ VALLEY LATE THIS EVENING. HOWEVER, CAN'T COMPLETELY  
RULE OUT A BRIEF DIP TO IFR AT EITHER KAOO OR KUNV BETWEEN  
01Z-02Z. HIGH PRESSURE WILL BUILD IN BEHIND THE COLD FRONT  
LATER TONIGHT, RESULTING IN CLEARING SKIES AND A DIMINISHING  
WIND.  
 
WIDESPREAD VFR CONDITIONS AND LIGHT WINDS ARE A NEAR CERTAINTY  
THURSDAY, AS HIGH PRESSURE BUILDS OVER THE STATE.  
 
OUTLOOK...  
 
FRI...PM RAIN/LOW CIGS DEVELOPING FROM WEST TO EAST.  
 
SAT...AM SHOWERS/REDUCED CIGS POSSIBLE, THEN TURNING WINDY WITH  
LATE DAY SNOW SHOWERS POSSIBLE N/W.  
 
SUN-MON...NO SIG WX EXPECTED.  
 
 
   
FIRE WEATHER  
 
LOW HUMIDITY AND THE BREEZY CONDITIONS THIS AFTERNOON SUGGEST  
AN ELEVATED RISK OF WILDFIRE SPREAD. HOWEVER, COORDINATION WITH  
THE PA BUREAU OF FORESTRY (PABOF) INDICATES THAT AN ADDITIONAL  
DAY OF DRYING/CURING IS NEEDED TO RAISE FIRE WEATHER CONCERNS.  
WE EXPECT MINIMUM RH TO BOTTOM IN THE 15-25% RANGE THURSDAY  
AFTERNOON, BUT LIGHTER WINDS AND COOLER TEMPERATURES (40-50F) SHOULD  
MITIGATE AN ELEVATED RISK OF WILDFIRE SPREAD.  
 
 
   
CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
NONE.  
 
 
 
 
SYNOPSIS...STEINBUGL/BANGHOFF  
NEAR TERM...STEINBUGL/BANGHOFF  
SHORT TERM...STEINBUGL/BANGHOFF  
LONG TERM...EVANEGO  
AVIATION...FITZGERALD/EVANEGO  
FIRE WEATHER...  
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