924  
FXUS61 KALY 231130  
AFDALY  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY  
630 AM EST FRI JAN 23 2026  
   
WHAT HAS CHANGED  
 
CATEGORICAL TO LIKELY POPS REINTRODUCED ACROSS NORTHERN HERKIMER  
AND HAMILTON COUNTIES THROUGH THIS AFTERNOON FOR ONGOING LAKE  
EFFECT SNOW. ADDING A MENTION OF THE LOW-END SNOW SQUALL THREAT  
THIS AFTERNOON WITH THE ARCTIC FRONT. GUIDANCE FOR SUNDAY/MONDAY  
SYSTEM CONTINUES TO TICK SLIGHTLY CLOSER TO THE COAST WITH THE  
STORM TRACK. ADDED MENTION OF ADDITIONAL COLD WEATHER IN THE  
WAKE OF SUNDAY/MONDAY STORM SYSTEM. ALL THAT SAID, NO CHANGES  
TO THE EXISTING HEADLINES.  
 
 
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
1) HEAVY LAKE EFFECT SNOW EXPECTED THROUGH THIS EVENING ACROSS  
FAR NORTHERN HERKIMER AND HAMILTON COUNTIES, WITH A LOW CHANCE  
FOR ISOLATED SNOW SQUALLS NORTH AND WEST OF THE CAPITAL DISTRICT  
THIS AFTERNOON.  
 
2) HIGH CONFIDENCE FOR DANGEROUS COLD FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH  
SATURDAY RESULTING IN AN INCREASED RISK FOR HYPOTHERMIA AND  
FROSTBITE.  
 
3) A SIGNIFICANT, LONG DURATION SNOWSTORM IS STILL EXPECTED  
SUNDAY INTO MONDAY, WITH WIDESPREAD TRAVEL IMPACTS.  
 
4) BELOW NORMAL TEMPS CONTINUE TUE THROUGH THE MID AND LATTER  
PORTION OF THE WEEK WITH COLD WEATHER ADVISORY CRITERIA POTENTIALLY  
MET OVER THE SOUTHERN ADIRONDACKS AND SOUTHERN GREENS THU MORNING.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
KEY MESSAGE 1:  
AS OF 2:25 AM EST...CURRENT SFC ANALYSIS SHOWS A 1003 MB LOW  
LOCATED EAST OF JAMES BAY, WITH A BROAD 1048 MB SFC HIGH  
BUILDING INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS. THIS HAS SET UP LOW-LEVEL  
WESTERLY FLOW ACROSS OUR REGION, WHICH IS HELPING DIRECT A BAND  
OF LAKE EFFECT SNOW OFF OF LAKE ONTARIO INTO FAR NORTHERN  
HERKIMER AND HAMILTON COUNTIES. 850 MB TEMPS PER THE LATEST SPC  
MESOANALYSIS ARE AROUND -18C, AND EXPECTED TO CONTINUE FALLING  
THROUGH THE DAY TODAY. WITH 850 MB WINDS OF 35-40 KT AND  
INVERSION HEIGHTS AROUND 700 MB ON BOTH THE ALY AND BUF 00Z  
SOUNDINGS, IT IS NOT SURPRISING TO SEE THE BAND EXTENDING ALL  
THE WAY INTO THE CHAMPLAIN VALLEY EARLY THIS MORNING. AREAS  
NORTH OF OLD FORGE AND RAQUETTE LAKE HAVE LIKELY ALREADY  
RECEIVED SEVERAL INCHES OF SNOW FROM THIS BAND, WITH ANOTHER 4-8  
INCHES ON THE WAY AS THE BAND SHOULD REMAIN IN PLACE THROUGH AT  
LEAST MID-AFTERNOON, AND POSSIBLY UNTIL EARLY EVENING. THE BAND  
MAY EVEN INTENSIFY THIS MORNING AS INVERSION HEIGHTS INCREASE,  
LOW-LEVEL LAPSE RATES STEEPEN, AND THERE IS SOME ADDED FORCING  
FOR ASCENT FROM CVA AS AN UPPER LOW TRACKS NORTH OF THE REGION.  
ACCORDINGLY, LAKE EFFECT SNOW WARNINGS WILL CONTINUE THROUGH  
TODAY FOR THESE AREAS.  
 
THE BAND IS EXPECTED TO BE DISRUPTED AS AN ARCTIC COLD FRONT  
TRACKS THROUGH THE REGION THIS AFTERNOON. THE BAND WILL  
INITIALLY DROP SOUTH THROUGH HERKIMER AND HAMILTON COUNTIES,  
EVENTUALLY BRIEFLY SETTLING SOUTH OF THE THRUWAY THIS EVENING OR  
EARLY TONIGHT. THE BAND WILL THEN RETRACT CLOSER TO THE LAKE  
SHORES AS INVERSION HEIGHTS QUICKLY LOWER BEHIND THE FRONT,  
WINDS VEER MORE TO THE NW, AND THE COLUMN DRIES OUT.  
 
WILL ALSO MENTION THAT THERE IS A LOW CHANCE FOR A COUPLE SNOW  
SQUALLS THIS AFTERNOON WITH THE PASSAGE OF THE ARCTIC FRONT.  
FAVORABLE INGREDIENTS INCLUDE STEEPENING LOW-LEVEL LAPSE RATES  
AND INSTABILITY, ALONG WITH MODEST CONVERGENCE ALONG THE FRONTAL  
BOUNDARY. HOWEVER, LACK OF MOISTURE WILL BE A BIG LIMITING  
FACTOR, AND IS WHY MAIN AREA OF CONCERN IS LIMITED TO AREAS  
NORTH AND WEST OF THE CAPITAL DISTRICT WHERE SOME LOW-LEVEL  
MOISTURE WILL BE ENHANCED OFF OF LAKE ONTARIO. GROUND/AIR  
TEMPERATURES WILL BE BELOW FREEZING, SO ROADS COULD BECOME  
QUICKLY SNOW COVERED IN ANY SQUALLS, ALONG WITH REDUCED  
VISIBILITIES.  
 
KEY MESSAGE 2:  
THE ARCTIC FRONT TRACKS THROUGH OUR REGION THIS AFTERNOON AS AN  
UPPER LOW/TPV TRACKS NORTH OF THE REGION. CONFIDENCE REMAINS  
HIGH FOR BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND WIND CHILLS TONIGHT. 850  
TEMPS DROP TO AROUND -30C IN THE ADKS TO -25C IN THE MID HUDSON  
VALLEY TONIGHT, WHICH WILL TRANSLATE TO SFC TEMPS BOTTOMING OUT  
AROUND 0 FOR THE MID HUDSON VALLEY AND AS LOW AS THE -20S IN THE  
ADKS. AS IF THIS ISN'T BAD ENOUGH, A TIGHTENING PRESSURE  
GRADIENT AHEAD OF THE SFC HIGH TO OUR WEST ALONG WITH DEEP  
MIXING IN THE COLD ADVECTION REGIME WILL SUPPORT WIND GUSTS  
POSSIBLY UP TO 30-40 MPH, STRONGEST IN THE TYPICAL NW FLOW  
CHANNELING AREAS FROM THE MOHAWK VALLEY THROUGH THE CAPITAL  
DISTRICT AND INTO THE BERKSHIRES. THIS WILL LEAD TO WIND CHILLS  
RANGING FROM AS LOW AS -10 TO -15F IN THE HUDSON VALLEY TO <-35F  
IN THE ADIRONDACKS. WHILE NO CHANGES WERE MADE TO THE EXISTING  
COLD/EXTREME COLD HEADLINES, PORTIONS OF THE HELDERBERGS AND  
EASTERN CATSKILLS HAVE SOME AREAS THAT ARE VERY CLOSE TO WARNING  
CRITERIA (-25F FOR THOSE ZONES) AND COULD BE UPGRADED WITH THE  
NEXT FORECAST PACKAGE IF CONFIDENCE INCREASES.  
 
WE REMAIN QUITE COLD SATURDAY, BUT THE WINDS DIMINISH AS THE  
SFC HIGH BUILDS OVERHEAD BY SATURDAY AFTERNOON. HIGHS WILL  
REMAIN BELOW ZERO FOR MANY HIGH TERRAIN AREAS, AND WILL PROBABLY  
STAY IN THE SINGLE DIGITS EVERYWHERE ELSE EXCEPT THE IMMEDIATE  
I-84 CORRIDOR. THE HIGH THEN SLIDES OFF TO OUR NORTH AND EAST  
SATURDAY NIGHT AND HIGH CLOUDS MOVE IN AHEAD OF THE NEXT STORM  
SYSTEM. IT WILL BE QUITE COLD AGAIN WITH LOWS BELOW ZERO AGAIN  
FOR MOST AREAS EXCEPT FOR THE VALLEYS SOUTH OF I-90. HOWEVER,  
WITH WEAKER WINDS, WIND CHILLS WILL BE VERY SIMILAR TO THE  
ACTUAL TEMPERATURE. WHILE A FEW TARGETED COLD WEATHER ADVISORIES  
COULD BE NEEDED, AT THIS TIME IT LOOKS LIKE MOST AREAS WILL  
FALL SHORT OF ADVISORY CRITERIA SATURDAY NIGHT.  
 
KEY MESSAGE 3:  
SATURDAY NIGHT, A NORTHERN STREAM SHORTWAVE DROPPING INTO THE  
GREAT PLAINS WILL BEGIN TO PHASE WITH A MOISTURE-LADDEN SOUTHERN  
STREAM SYSTEM TRACKING ACROSS AZ, NM, AND TX. AS THIS PHASE  
HAPPENS, A PRIMARY LOW WILL DEVELOP AND TRACK NORTHEASTWARDS  
TOWARDS THE OHIO VALLEY WITH OUR SFC HIGH CONTINUING TO RETREAT  
NORTHEASTWARDS. WHILE THERE WILL BE A LOT OF DRY AIR IN PLACE  
THAT HAS TO BE ERODED BEFORE SNOW REACHES THE GROUND, THIS  
SHOULD STILL RESULT IN SNOW OVERSPREADING THE REGION BY SUNDAY  
LATE MORNING/EARLY AFTERNOON. SNOW INTENSIFIES AS A  
SECONDARY/COASTAL LOW DEVELOPS NEAR ATLANTIC CITY NJ SUNDAY  
AFTERNOON AND TRACKS NEAR OR INSIDE OF THE 40/70 BENCHMARK  
SUNDAY NIGHT. SNOW LINGERS ON MONDAY AS AN INVERTED TROUGH  
DEVELOPS FROM THE COASTAL LOW BACK TOWARDS THE UPPER TROUGH  
AXIS, WHICH WILL BE SWINGING THROUGH THE GREAT LAKES. SNOW WILL  
BE LIGHTER BY THIS TIME, BUT COULD CONTINUE THROUGH MONDAY  
AFTERNOON/EVENING, ESPECIALLY NEAR AND NORTH OF I-90, AS THE  
UPPER DEFORMATION ZONE MOVES OVERHEAD.  
 
THIS SYSTEM WILL INITIALLY HAVE MOISTURE FROM THE PACIFIC, WITH  
AN INFLUX OF MOISTURE FROM BOTH THE GULF AND THEN FROM THE  
ATLANTIC AS THE COASTAL LOW INTENSIFIES. THERE WILL BE STRONG  
FORCING FOR ASCENT FROM ISENTROPIC LIFT AS THIS MOIST AIR IS  
LIFTED OVER THE COLD AIRMASS THAT WILL BE IN PLACE, AS WELL AS  
FROM CVA AND THE RIGHT ENTRANCE OF THE UPPER JET, ESPECIALLY  
SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. THIS LIFT AND MOISTURE WILL  
INTERSECT THE DGZ, WHICH WILL BE QUITE DEEP AND LOW IN THE  
ATMOSPHERE DUE TO THE ANOMALOUSLY COLD AIRMASS IN PLACE AHEAD OF  
THIS SYSTEM. SO, SNOW TO LIQUID RATIOS WILL BE ABOVE  
CLIMATOLOGY, POTENTIALLY AS HIGH AS 15-20:1. THE BEST RATIOS  
WILL BE ACROSS OUR NORTHERN ZONES WHERE THE DGZ IS DEEPER/LOWER,  
BUT THE HEAVIEST QPF WILL BE FOR OUR SOUTHERN AREAS. STILL LOW  
CONFIDENCE ON WHERE EXACTLY ANY MESOSCALE BANDS WILL SET UP, BUT  
BASED ON COLLABORATIVE CSTAR RESEARCH WITH SUNY ALBANY IT LOOKS  
LIKE WE MAY INITIALLY SEE A LATERALLY TRANSLATING MESOSCALE  
BAND WITH THE INITIAL WARM ADVECTION. THERE ARE ALSO SOME SIGNS  
OF A QUASI-STATIONARY BAND DEVELOPING NORTH AND WEST OF THE LOW  
CENTER SUNDAY EVENING OR NIGHT. WHEREVER THESE BANDS SET UP,  
SNOWFALL RATES OF AT LEAST 1-2" PER HOUR WILL BE POSSIBLE. WHEN  
ALL IS SAID AND DONE, A WIDESPREAD 10-18" OF SNOW WILL BE  
POSSIBLE REGION-WIDE, WITH THE HEAVIEST AMOUNTS WHERE THE  
BEST/MOST PERSISTENT BANDING OCCURS. AT THIS TIME, THE HEAVIEST  
AMOUNTS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE CATSKILLS, MID HUDSON VALLEY,  
AND SOUTHWESTERN NEW ENGLAND, WITH THE LOWER AMOUNTS ACROSS OUR  
FAR NORTHERN ZONES.  
 
THERE ARE STILL SOME SUBTLE POINTS OF UNCERTAINTY IN THE  
FORECAST. LATEST 00Z CMC/GFS/NAM HAVE CONTINUED WITH A SLIGHT  
NORTH TREND WITH THE SFC LOW TUCKED IN CLOSER TO THE COAST,  
LIKELY DUE TO A SLIGHTLY MORE AMPLIFIED DOWNSTREAM RIDGE. SHOULD  
THIS TREND NORTH CONTINUE, THEN A MID-LEVEL DRY SLOT THAT IS  
CURRENTLY EXPECTED TO REMAIN SOUTH OF OUR REGION LATE SUNDAY  
NIGHT INTO MONDAY COULD GET INTO OUR SOUTHERN ZONES, POTENTIALLY  
CUTTING DOWN ON SNOWFALL TOTALS THERE SLIGHTLY. SINCE CAMS WILL  
GENERALLY BETTER HANDLE THE CONVECTION THAT IS EXPECTED TO  
OCCUR OVER THE SOUTHEASTERN CONUS SAT/SUN AND RESULTING  
DOWNSTREAM RIDGE AMPLIFICATION FROM LATENT HEAT RELEASE, WE  
SHOULD GET A BETTER IDEA HOW MUCH FURTHER THE TREND NORTH/WEST  
MAY CONTINUE (IF AT ALL) AS MORE HI-RES GUIDANCE BECOMES  
AVAILABLE. ADDITIONALLY, WITH E/SE FLOW, SOME DOWNSLOPE  
SHADOWING IS POSSIBLE IN EASTERN NY, TO THE WEST OF THE SOUTHERN  
GREENS/BERKSHIRES/TACONICS. NEVERTHELESS, CONFIDENCE IS FAIRLY  
HIGH, ESPECIALLY FOR THIS LEAD TIME, IN WARNING-LEVEL SNOWFALL  
AMOUNTS ACROSS MOST IF NOT ALL OF EASTERN NY AND WESTERN NEW  
ENGLAND. THIS WILL LIKELY LEAD TO RAPIDLY DETERIORATING TRAVEL  
CONDITIONS THROUGH THE DAY SUNDAY, WITH THE VERY DIFFICULT  
TRAVEL CONDITIONS CONTINUING INTO MONDAY. THE STORM SHOULD  
FINALLY PULL AWAY TO THE EAST OF OUR REGION MONDAY AFTERNOON OR  
EVENING, WITH SNOW ENDING BY EARLY MONDAY NIGHT. WHILE IT WILL  
REMAIN QUITE COLD THROUGH THIS EVENT, WINDS DON'T LOOK OVERLY  
STRONG, SO NOT EXPECTING ANY ADDITIONAL COLD WEATHER ADVISORIES  
FOR SUNDAY-MONDAY.  
 
KEY MESSAGE 4:  
IN THE WAKE OF THE SIGNIFICANT STORM EARLY IN THE  
WEEK, A MEAN MID AND UPPER LEVEL TROUGH WILL PERSIST OVER THE  
NORTHEAST WITH BELOW NORMAL TEMPS BY 15 TO 20 DEGREES. A CLIPPER  
LOW AND A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE THROUGH WED-WED NIGHT WITH A  
REINFORCING SHOT OF ARCTIC AIR. HIGHS IN THE TEENS AND LOWER 20S  
(SOME SINGLE NUMBERS OVER THE HIGHER TERRAIN) WILL GIVE WAY TO  
LOWS 0 TO 10 BELOW OVER MOST OF EASTERN NY AND WESTERN NEW  
ENGLAND. LOWS 5 TO 10 BELOW ZERO OVER THE ADIRONDACK  
PARK/SOUTHERN GREENS WITH A BREEZE 5-10 MPH MAY YIELD SOME  
DANGEROUS WIND CHILLS OR "FEELS-LIKE" TEMPS AROUND 20- 25  
DEGREES BELOW ZERO. COLD WEATHER ADVISORY CONDITIONS MAY BE MEET  
FOR THE SOUTHERN DACKS AND THE FOOTHILLS AS WELL AS PORTIONS OF  
SOUTHERN VT. TEMPS ON THU ONLY RECOVER TO THE SINGLE DIGITS AND  
TEENS WITH THE ARCTIC AIR MASS FIRMLY IN PLACE OVER THE  
FORECAST AREA.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /12Z FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/  
 
THROUGH 12Z SATURDAY...VFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED TO PREVAIL  
MOSTLY THROUGH THE NEXT 24-HRS ENDING 12Z/SAT FOR  
KGFL/KALB/KPSF/KPOU. SOME STRATOCUMULUS THIS MORNING WITH BASES  
4-6 KFT AGL FOR KALB/KPSF/KGFL DUE TO THE LAKE EFFECT MOISTURE AND  
AN APPROACHING UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE. AN ARCTIC COLD FRONT  
WILL MOVE THROUGH DURING THE AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING WITH  
ISOLATED-SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS AND FLURRIES. PROB30 GROUPS WERE  
USED 18Z/FRI TO 02Z/SAT FOR BRIEF MVFR CONDITIONS IN TERMS OF  
CIGS/VSBYS FOR KALB/KPSF NORTHWARD. THE WINDS WILL BE SOUTHWEST  
TO WEST 6-12 KT THIS MORNING WITH SOME GUSTS CLOSE TO 20 KT,  
THEN THEY WILL INCREASE FROM THE WEST TO NORTHWEST IN THE  
AFTERNOON INTO THE EARLY AT 15-20 KT WITH SOME GUSTS 25-34 KT  
WITH THE HIGHEST GUSTS AT KALB/KPSF. THE WINDS WILL GRADUALLY  
SUBSIDE AFTER MIDNIGHT AND WILL BE NORTHWESTERLY AT 8-15 KT.  
 
OUTLOOK...  
 
SATURDAY NIGHT: NO OPERATIONAL IMPACT. NO SIG WX.  
SUNDAY: HIGH OPERATIONAL IMPACT. DEFINITE SN.  
SUNDAY NIGHT: HIGH OPERATIONAL IMPACT. DEFINITE SN.  
MONDAY: HIGH OPERATIONAL IMPACT. DEFINITE SN.  
MONDAY NIGHT: LOW OPERATIONAL IMPACT. BREEZY. CHANCE OF SHSN.  
TUESDAY: NO OPERATIONAL IMPACT. NO SIG WX.  
 
 
   
CLIMATE  
 
JANUARY 24  
 
RECORD COLD HIGH TEMPERATURES:  
 
ALBANY, NY: -1 DEGREES SET IN 1882  
GLENS FALLS, NY: 0 DEGREES SET IN 1907  
POUGHKEEPSIE, NY: 8 DEGREES SET IN 1948  
 
RECORD COLD LOW TEMPERATURES:  
 
ALBANY, NY: -17 DEGREES SET IN 1948  
GLENS FALLS, NY: -30 DEGREES SET IN 2011  
POUGHKEEPSIE, NY: -15 DEGREES SET IN 1961  
 
 
   
ALY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
CT...COLD WEATHER ADVISORY FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING TO 10 AM EST  
SATURDAY FOR CTZ001-013.  
WINTER STORM WATCH FROM SUNDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING  
FOR CTZ001-013.  
NY...COLD WEATHER ADVISORY FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING TO 10 AM EST  
SATURDAY FOR NYZ040-041-043-047>053-058>061-063>066-083-  
084.  
WINTER STORM WATCH FROM SUNDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING  
FOR NYZ032-033-038>043-047>054-058>061-063>066-082>084.  
EXTREME COLD WARNING FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING TO 1 PM EST  
SATURDAY FOR NYZ032-033-038-039-042-054-082.  
LAKE EFFECT SNOW WARNING UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING FOR  
NYZ032-033.  
MA...WINTER STORM WATCH FROM SUNDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING  
FOR MAZ001-025.  
EXTREME COLD WARNING FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING TO 1 PM EST  
SATURDAY FOR MAZ001-025.  
VT...WINTER STORM WATCH FROM SUNDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY EVENING  
FOR VTZ013>015.  
EXTREME COLD WARNING FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING TO 1 PM EST  
SATURDAY FOR VTZ013>015.  
 
 
 
 
 
DISCUSSION...35  
AVIATION...15  
CLIMATE...31  
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