151  
FXUS63 KIWX 290120  
AFDIWX  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA  
820 PM EST SUN DEC 28 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- SHOWERS AND PERHAPS AN ISOLATED THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT  
AREAS EAST OF INTERSTATE 69 THROUGH MIDNIGHT TONIGHT. SEVERE  
WEATHER IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME, BUT A FEW GUSTS TO  
AROUND 40 MPH ARE POSSIBLE WITH THESE SHOWERS.  
 
- WESTERLY WIND GUSTS OF 45 TO 50 MPH DEVELOP TONIGHT AND  
PERSIST THROUGH MONDAY. WIND GUSTS WILL BE STRONGER ALONG THE  
LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE.  
 
- LAKE EFFECT SNOW LATE TONIGHT THROUGH MONDAY, COMBINED WITH  
STRONG WIND GUSTS, WILL RESULT IN TREACHEROUS TRAVEL  
CONDITIONS IN NORTHWEST INDIANA AND SOUTHWEST MICHIGAN.  
 

 
   
UPDATE
 
 
ISSUED AT 820 PM EST SUN DEC 28 2025  
 
SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL CONTINUES TO WANE THIS EVENING AND THE  
TORNADO WATCH THAT WAS IN EFFECT FOR NORTHWEST/PORTIONS OF NORTH  
CENTRAL INDIANA HAS BEEN CANCELLED. FRONTALLY FORCED SHOWERS  
PERSIST THIS EVENING EAST OF INTERSTATE 69 CORRIDOR. THESE  
SHOWERS ARE CONTINUING TO EXPERIENCE SOME WEAKENING INSTABILITY  
FIELDS THIS EVENING, ALTHOUGH KINEMATICS REMAIN QUITE  
IMPRESSIVE. THE WANING INSTABILITY SHOULD LIMIT ADDITIONAL  
SEVERE THREAT EAST OF I-69, BUT WILL BE MONITORING REMNANTS OF  
WHAT APPEARS TO BE A SMALLER SCALE MCV APPROACHING SE ALLEN  
COUNTY OH AS OF 0115Z WITH RADAR INDICATING SOME BROAD WEAK  
ROTATION WITH THIS FEATURE. GIVEN STRENGTH OF WIND FIELDS AND  
40+ KNOTS OF LINE-NORMAL WESTERLY SHEAR, CANNOT DISCOUNT A  
MESOVORT DEVELOPING OR A MESOVORT DEVELOPING ALOFT POSSIBLY  
HELPING TO MIX DOWN A STRAY STRONGER 40+ MPH WIND GUST ACROSS  
FAR NE INDIANA/NW OHIO. OTHERWISE, FORECAST REMAINS ON TRACK  
WITH STRONG SYNOPTIC WESTERLY GUSTS IN WAKE OF THIS FRONT, AND  
THESE STRONG GUSTS WILL CONTINUE TO OVERSPREAD THE AREA  
OVERNIGHT.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 240 PM EST SUN DEC 28 2025  
 
A DEEPENING LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM CENTERED OVER FAR WESTERN ILLINOIS  
TRACKS THROUGH THE GREAT LAKES OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS. HEAVY RAIN  
GIVES WAY TO A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING  
ALONG THE COLD FRONT. THIS IS FOLLOWED BY TEMPERATURES FALLING SOME  
30 DEGREES IN A MATTER OF HOURS TONIGHT RESULTING IN A FLASH FREEZE,  
WIND GUSTS OF 45 TO 50 MPH, AND DEVELOPING LAKE EFFECT SNOW.  
 
HEAVY RAIN AND DENSE FOG ALONG THE WARM FRONT IS SLOWLY LIFTING  
NORTH. A COUPLE OF STORMS EARLIER THIS AFTERNOON ACROSS CENTRAL  
IL DID PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND GUSTS AND SMALL HAIL. LOCALLY,  
ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS HAVE STRUGGLED WITH A LACK OF INSTABILITY  
AND POOR LAPSE RATES. 50 DBZ CORES WERE ONLY REACHING ABOUT  
14,000 FT, PERHAPS GOOD ENOUGH FOR PEA SIZE HAIL. FOR THE REST  
OF THE EVENING, WE'LL CONTINUE TO WATCH THE UPSTREAM WARM  
SECTOR ACROSS WESTERN AND CENTRAL IL. CLOUDS HAVE THINNED HERE  
SOMEWHAT AND MUCAPE OF ABOUT 500 J/KG IS NOTED. THIS PLUME OF  
INSTABILITY IS FORECAST TO LIFT NORTHEAST ALONG WITH THE LOW,  
BUT THIS PLUME DOES GET SQUEEZED OFF THROUGH TIME AS THE COLD  
FRONT UNDERCUTS THE WARM SECTOR. CONFIDENCE IN SEVERE WEATHER  
OCCURING REMAINS LOW. BULK SHEAR OF 60 KNOTS IS CERTAINLY  
IMPRESSIVE, AS ARE DEW POINTS NEAR 60, BUT MEAGER INSTABILITY  
AND LAPSE RATES REMAIN LIMITATIONS. WE'LL CONTINUE TO MONITOR  
UPSTREAM CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY. SHOULD A LINE OF STORMS DEVELOP  
AND SURVIVE INTO WESTERN INDIANA, ALL HAZARDS WOULD BE POSSIBLE.  
 
THE COLD FRONT, CURRENTLY APPROACHING ST. LOUIS, IS ALREADY  
PRODUCING 35-40 KNOT WIND GUSTS. THE LOW-LEVEL WIND FIELD IS  
FORECAST TO STRENGTHEN FURTHER AS THE LOW DEEPENS THROUGH TIME,  
INCREASING CONFIDENCE IN THE EXISTING WIND ADVISORY. THE COLD FRONT  
MOVES THROUGH FROM ABOUT 7PM EST TO 1AM EST WEST TO EAST,  
RESPECTIVELY, AND WIND GUSTS WILL INCREASE THROUGH THE NIGHT.  
GUSTS OF 45 TO 50 MPH WILL BE COMMON. A HIGH WIND WARNING WAS  
CONSIDERED FOR BERRIEN AND LA PORTE COUNTIES (WIND GUSTS OF 58  
MPH, SUSTAINED 40 MPH), BUT AVAILABLE WIND GUST PROBABILITIES  
TRULY FAVOR WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 45 MPH, WITH DECREASING  
PROBABILITIES AT 58 MPH (40-60% PROBABILITY FOR SMALL SECTION  
OF BERRIEN COUNTY, COMPARED TO 80-90% PROBABILITY FOR WIND  
ADVISORY CRITERIA). THUS, THE MOST REPRESENTATIVE HEADLINE  
REMAINS THE WIND ADVISORY, WITH A NONZERO CHANCE FOR WIND GUSTS  
TO 60 MPH AT THE IMMEDIATE LAKE SHORE. WIND GUSTS BEGIN TO  
DIMINISH AREA- WIDE MONDAY AFTERNOON. TEMPERATURES FALLING ABOUT  
30 DEGREES IN 6 HOURS TONIGHT RAISES THE CONCERN FOR A FLASH  
FREEZE. CONFIDENCE IS MEDIUM AT BEST, GIVEN IT IS UNCLEAR HOW  
MUCH EVAPORATION MAY OCCUR PRIOR TO COLD AIR SETTLING IN.  
 
LASTLY, A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY WAS HOISTED FOR SOUTHWEST MICHIGAN  
AND NORTHWEST INDIANA COUNTIES TYPICALLY IMPACTED BY NORTHWEST FLOW  
LAKE EFFECT. LAKE EFFECT SNOW QUICKLY RAMPS UP AFTER 1AM AND TAPERS  
OFF AFTER 7PM EST MONDAY. EVEN WITH ABOUT 2" OF SNOW ON THE LOW-END  
OF THIS ADVISORY, PAIRED WITH 45-50MPH WIND GUSTS, HAZARDOUS TRAVEL  
CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED. TOTALS AS GREAT AS 5" TO 6" ARE ANTICIPATED  
IN SOUTHWEST MICHIGAN. STRONG WINDS LIMIT FORECAST CONFIDENCE  
SOMEWHAT AS SIGNIFICANT SHREDDING OF DENDRITES WILL OCCUR. HOWEVER,  
WIND GUSTS DO DECREASE THROUGH TIME WHICH MAY INCREASE ACCUMULATION  
RATES LATER ON IN THE EVENT.  
 
REMAINING COLD FOR THE WEEK AHEAD WITH CLIPPERS POSSIBLE ON  
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 526 PM EST SUN DEC 28 2025  
 
LINE OF GUSTY SHOWERS AND SOME EMBEDDED THUNDER TRACK THROUGH  
EARLY THIS EVENING ALONG A STRONG COLD FRONT. IFR TO MVFR  
CONDITIONS WILL GENERALLY PREVAIL WITH GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 40  
KNOTS POSSIBLE IN MORE ROBUST SHOWERS/CONVECTION BEFORE 01Z AT  
KSBN AND 02Z AT KFWA. POST-FRONTAL COLD ADVECTION AND A DEEPENING  
LOW TRACKING INTO THE GREAT LAKES THEN PROVIDES STRONG WESTERLY  
WINDS TONIGHT INTO TOMORROW WITH A TREND TOWARD MAINLY MVFR  
CIGS. KSBN WILL SEE LAKE ENHANCED SNOW SETTLE IN LATER TONIGHT  
INTO MONDAY WITH ACCUMULATIONS, BLOWING SNOW AND TIMES OF  
LIFR/IFR VISBYS.  
 

 
   
IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
IN...WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ MONDAY FOR INZ005>009-  
012>015-017-018-020-022>027-032>034-103-104-116-203-204-  
216.  
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM 1 AM EST /MIDNIGHT CST/ MONDAY TO  
1 AM EST /MIDNIGHT CST/ TUESDAY FOR INZ005-103-104-204.  
OH...WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 7 PM EST MONDAY FOR OHZ001-002-004-005-015-  
016-024-025.  
MI...WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 7 PM EST MONDAY FOR MIZ078>081-177-277.  
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM 1 AM MONDAY TO 1 AM EST TUESDAY  
FOR MIZ078-079-177-277.  
MARINE...STORM WARNING UNTIL 4 PM EST MONDAY FOR LMZ043-046.  
 

 
 

 
 
UPDATE...MARSILI  
DISCUSSION...BROWN  
AVIATION...STEINWEDEL  
 
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