307  
FXUS63 KFSD 210812  
AFDFSD  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD  
312 AM CDT WED OCT 21 2026  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- ELEVATED FIRE WEATHER IS EXPECTED ON THURSDAY WITH THE  
POTENTIAL FOR CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS ON FRIDAY.  
 
- PATCHY VALLEY FOG IS POSSIBLE THROUGH MID MORNING, MOST LIKELY  
ACROSS THE CENTRAL JAMES RIVER WHERE VISIBILITY MAY FALL BELOW  
2 MILES. VALLEY FOG MAY DEVELOP AGAIN THURSDAY MORNING.  
 
- TEMPERATURES THROUGH FRIDAY REMAIN 10 TO 20 DEGREES ABOVE THE  
SEASONAL NORMALS FOR MID/LATE OCTOBER.  
 
- DRY CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED THROUGH THURSDAY EVENING. LOW (30%  
OR LESS) RAIN CHANCES FRIDAY MORNING WITH BETTER CHANCES  
(AROUND 50- 60%) THIS WEEKEND.  
 

 
   
UPDATE
 
 
ISSUED AT 311 AM CDT WED OCT 21 2026  
 
ANOTHER WARM START TO THIS MID OCTOBER MORNING, WITH TEMPERATURES  
THROUGH 3 AM IN THE UPPER 40S TO MID 50S - CLOSER TO AVERAGE HIGHS  
FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR. WINDS ARE STILL A BIT BREEZY AS THE SURFACE  
BOUNDARY STRETCHES ACROSS CENTRAL SD, SO HAVEN'T SEEN ANY FOG  
DEVELOP YET. STILL EXPECT WINDS TO WEAKEN THOUGH, AND GUIDANCE  
CONTINUES TO SUPPORT AT LEAST PATCHY VALLEY FOG. MODERATE (40-50%)  
CHANCES OF BELOW 2 MILE VISIBILITY THIS MORNING IN THE JAMES VALLEY.  
ANY FOG THAT DEVELOPS SHOULD DISSIPATE BY MID MORNING. FOR THURSDAY  
MORNING, HREF/REFS AND OTHER GUIDANCE SHOW MORE WIDESPREAD FOG  
(INCREASED/EXPANDED PROBABILITY OF VISIBILITY BELOW 2 MILES) WITH  
CALM TO LIGHT WINDS.  
 
NBM HIGH TEMPERATURES CONTINUE TO UNDER PERFORM, SO RAISED  
HIGHS WITH THE 90TH PERCENTILE THROUGH FRIDAY (STILL INCREASING  
2-4 DEGREES OR MORE). USED A BLEND AS A MORE SOUTHEASTERLY WIND  
MAY TEMPER MIXING (AND HIGH TEMPERATURE) POTENTIAL SOMEWHAT LATE  
WEEK. STILL, HIGHS TODAY IN THE 70S WITH MID/UPPER 70S TO LOWER  
80S THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. NOT APPROACHING ANY RECORD HIGHS, BUT  
SOME RECORD WARM LOW TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE LATE WEEK.  
ALTHOUGH HUMIDITY VALUES ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN ABOVE 35%  
FRIDAY, STRONG WINDS COUPLED WITH DRY GRASSES AND CROPS MAY BE  
ENOUGH TO OVERCOME THESE SLIGHTLY HIGHER VALUES. THIS WOULD  
LEAD TO WIDESPREAD HIGH TO VERY HIGH FIRE DANGER. USE CAUTION TO  
PREVENT SPARKS, ESPECIALLY WITH HARVEST ACTIVITIES.  
 
STILL VERY LOW RAIN CHANCES EARLY FRIDAY MORNING (LESS THAN 30%),  
WITH BETTER RAIN CHANCES LATE FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH THE WEEKEND.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 313 PM CDT TUE OCT 20 2026  
 
BREEZY SOUTHERLY WINDS WILL GRADUALLY DECREASE THIS AFTERNOON AND  
EVENING WITH MOSTLY CLEAR SKIES. LOWS WILL FALL TO THE MID TO UPPER  
40S. FOR REFERENCE AVERAGE LOWS THIS TIME OF YEAR ARE IN THE MID  
30S. EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING WINDS WILL BECOME LIGHT, WHICH MAY  
ALLOW FOR PATCHY FOG DEVELOPMENT ALONG RIVER VALLEYS AND LOW AREAS.  
ESPECIALLY ALONG THE NORTHERN JAMES RIVER VALLEY WHERE PROBABILITY  
OF VISIBILITY FALLING TO 2 MILES OR LESS IS AROUND 50%. ANY FOG  
DEVELOPMENT WILL BURN OFF BY MID-WEDNESDAY MORNING.  
 
AS FOR THE REST OF WEDNESDAY AN UPPER TROUGH AND SURFACE LOW LOCATED  
OVER EASTERN NUNAVUT AND MANITOBA WILL DRAG A COLD FRONT INTO THE  
REGION EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING, CONNECTED TO A SECONDARY WEAK MID-  
LEVEL SHORTWAVE AND SURFACE LOW OVER WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA. AT THE  
SAME TIME MODERATE WAA ON SOUTHERLY WINDS WILL BEGIN TO AMPLIFY A  
SHALLOW UPPER RIDGE LOCATED OVER THE SOUTH CENTRAL US. AS THIS RIDGE  
CONTINUES TO AMPLIFY THROUGH THE DAY IT WILL PUSH BACK AGAINST THE  
COLD FRONT CAUSING IT TO STALL OUT, EVENTUALLY WASHING OUT THE FRONT  
AND SECONDARY LOW PRESSURE. THIS WILL RESULT IN A DIFFUSE WEAK  
SURFACE BOUNDARY. WINDS MAY VARY ALONG THIS BOUNDARY FOR A SHORT  
TIME BEFORE BECOMING SOUTHERLY ONCE AGAIN AS A SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE  
STRENGTHENS OVER THE CENTRAL MIDWESTERN STATES. BY FRIDAY 200 MB  
HEIGHTS WILL BE NEAR TO OR AT MAXIMUM FOR CLIMATOLOGY, AS WILL 700-  
500 MB TEMPERATURES. WHAT THIS MEANS IS AT THE SURFACE WE WILL BE  
EXPERIENCING ABNORMALLY WARM OCTOBER DAYS. THE NBM CONTINUED SHOWING  
A COLD BIAS THIS RUN AND SO COORDINATED WITH NEIGHBORS TO BOOST  
HIGHS USING A BLEND OF NBM/NBM90TH. HIGHS WILL RISE INTO THE LOW TO  
MID 70S WEDNESDAY, AND THE MID TO UPPER 70S THURSDAY. THERE MAY EVEN  
BE A FEW 80S! WHILE THIS IS 10 TO 20 DEGREES F WARMER THAN AVERAGE,  
WE ARE STILL MORE THAN 5 DEGREES AWAY FROM TYING OR BREAKING  
ANY RECORD HIGHS.  
 
LOOKING NOW TO THE WEST WE SEE A DEEP UPPER TROUGH MOVING ON SHORE  
STRETCHING FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA DOWN TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. AS  
THIS AND A SERIES OF EMBEDDED SHORTWAVES ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE  
RIDGE MOVE EAST THE SPG WILL BEGIN TO TIGHTEN. SOUTHERLY WINDS WILL  
INCREASE, GUSTING 15-25 MPH BY THURSDAY AFTERNOON FOR AREAS ALONG  
AND WEST OF I-29. EAST OF I-29 GUSTS WILL 15 MPH OR LESS. AS THIS  
ENTIRE PATTERN SHIFTS EAST OVERNIGHT GUSTY WINDS WILL SPREAD EAST.  
FRIDAY WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE, WITH WIDESPREAD GUSTS OF 30  
TO 40 MPH. HIGHER GUSTS ARE EXPECTED AS YOU MOVE WEST TOWARD CENTRAL  
SOUTH DAKOTA. GUSTS WEST OF THE JAMES RIVER COULD REACH 45+ MPH.  
WHILE MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITY VALUES WILL REMAIN ABOVE 40%,  
STRONG WINDS AND DRYING GRASSES WILL LEAD TO LOCALLY ELEVATED  
FIRE RISK AT TIMES THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE WEEK.  
 
IN ADDITION, EARLY FRIDAY MORNING WAA ALONG THE NOSE OF THE LLJ MAY  
RESULT IN LIGHT, SCATTERED SHOWERS OVER SOUTH CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA  
EARLY FRIDAY MORNING MOVING NORTHEAST INTO SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA  
AROUND NOON. THESE SHOWERS ARE LIKELY TO BE HIT AND MISS, MEANING  
NOT EVERYONE WILL GET RAIN, AND THOSE THAT DO WILL PROBABLY ONLY SEE  
A TRACE TO A HUNDREDTH OR TWO. FRIDAY NIGHT INTO SATURDAY AS THE  
PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED UPPER TROUGH MOVES INTO THE CENTRAL PLAINS OF  
CANADA AND THE US, DRAPING A COLD FRONT DOWN INTO EASTERN COLORADO.  
SHOWERS WILL FORM ALONG THE FRONT AND MOVE SOUTHEAST FROM EARLY  
SATURDAY MORNING THROUGH SATURDAY EVENING. ONCE AGAIN SHOWERS ARE  
EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT, AND COULD BE SPOTTY AT TIMES. A BRIEF BREAK  
OVERNIGHT BEFORE A SOUTHERN STREAM UPPER TROUGH MOVES NORTHEAST INTO  
THE REGION BRINGING MORE CHANCES FOR RAIN SUNDAY AFTERNOON INTO  
MONDAY MORNING. OVERALL TOTALS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT, WITH AREAS  
OF SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA, NORTHEAST NEBRASKA, AND NORTHWEST IOWA  
SEEING AROUND A 60% PROBABILITY OF 0.25 INCHES. PROBABILITIES FALL  
OFF QUICKLY FROM THERE, AND MOST WILL ONLY SEE A FEW HUNDREDTHS TO A  
TENTH OR SO.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z THURSDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 1045 PM CDT TUE OCT 20 2026  
 
VFR THROUGH THE PERIOD. SOME PATCHY VALLEY FOG WILL BE POSSIBLE  
LATE TONIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING.  
 

 
   
FSD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
SD...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
IA...NONE.  
NE...NONE.  
 

 
 

 
 
UPDATE...SG  
DISCUSSION...AJP  
AVIATION...08  
 
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