170  
FXUS61 KBTV 220917  
AFDBTV  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BURLINGTON VT  
417 AM EST THU JAN 22 2026  
   
WHAT HAS CHANGED
 
 
AS OF 415 AM EST THURSDAY...INCREASED WIND GUSTS TODAY AS MODEL  
SOUNDINGS INDICATE DEEP MIXED LAYERS AND STEEP LAPSE RATES THAT  
HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BRING US WIND GUSTS 30-40 KNOTS OR  
HIGHER. ALSO ADJUSTED TEMPERATURES FRIDAY NIGHT SLIGHTLY WITH  
THE LATEST MOS GUIDANCE, WE STILL ANTICIPATE LOWS EXCLUSIVELY  
BELOW ZERO F AND WIND CHILLS -20 TO -40 F FRIDAY NIGHT-SATURDAY  
MORNING.  
 

 
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
AS OF 213 AM EST THURSDAY...  
 
1. ROUNDS OF LAKE EFFECT SNOW AND SCATTERED SNOW SQUALLS ARE  
EXPECTED TODAY AND TOMORROW. GUSTY WINDS, HEAVY SNOWFALL, AND  
RAPID SNOW ACCUMULATION WILL MAKE FOR HAZARDOUS TRAVEL,  
INCLUDING FOR THE THURSDAY EVENING AND FRIDAY MORNING COMMUTES.  
A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT FOR SOUTHEASTERN ST.  
LAWRENCE COUNTY TODAY INTO TOMORROW.  
 
2. DANGEROUSLY COLD CONDITIONS ARE INCREASINGLY LIKELY LATE THIS  
WEEK, WITH WIND CHILLS OF -20F TO -40F POSSIBLE. AN EXTREME COLD  
WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR FRIDAY NIGHT AND SATURDAY MORNING.  
 
3. WIDESPREAD SNOW INCREASING LIKELY SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
AS OF 213 AM EST THURSDAY...  
 
.KEY MESSAGE 1: ROUNDS OF LAKE EFFECT SNOW AND SCATTERED SNOW  
SQUALLS ARE EXPECTED TODAY AND TOMORROW. GUSTY WINDS, HEAVY  
SNOWFALL, AND RAPID SNOW ACCUMULATION WILL MAKE FOR HAZARDOUS  
TRAVEL, INCLUDING FOR THE THURSDAY EVENING AND FRIDAY MORNING  
COMMUTES. A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT FOR  
SOUTHEASTERN ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY TODAY INTO TOMORROW.  
 
LOW PRESSURE CURRENTLY LOCATED JUST NORTH AND EAST OF LAKE SUPERIOR  
EARLY THIS MORNING WILL MOVE NORTHEASTWARD THROUGHOUT THE DAY TODAY,  
DRAGGING A WARM FRONT AND THEN A COLD FRONT THROUGH NORTHERN NEW  
YORK AND VERMONT IN QUICK SUCCESSION. WE ANTICIPATE SCATTERED SNOW  
SHOWERS, PARTICULARLY ALONG A LAKE EFFECT BAND OFF LAKE ONTARIO, TO  
OCCUR TODAY INTO TOMORROW. MODELS CONTINUE TO INDICATE STEEP LOW  
LEVEL LAPSE RATES AS COLD AIR FLOWS INTO THE REGION ALOFT, LIKELY  
RESULTING IN EFFICIENT ATMOSPHERIC MIXING THROUGHOUT THE DAY TODAY.  
850MB LEVEL JET CONTINUES TO LOOK STRONG AROUND 45-55 KNOTS THAT  
COULD MIX DOWN TO THE SURFACE, AND SURFACE-BASED CAPE VALUES RUN  
AROUND 50-100 J/KG THROUGHOUT THE AFTERNOON. SNOWFALL RATES COULD  
EXCEED 1 IN/HR BRIEFLY WITH THESE SQUALLS, REDUCING VISIBILITY TO  
1/2 MILE OR LESS. THIS WILL BE ESPECIALLY TRUE DOWNWIND OF LAKE  
ONTARIO WHICH WILL HELP TO ENHANCE MOISTURE AND INSTABILITY IN A  
LAKE EFFECT BAND THAT WILL PRODUCE ON AND OFF HEAVY SNOW IN  
SOUTHEASTERN ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.  
 
GUSTY WINDS OF 30 TO 40 MPH WILL BLOW AROUND FALLING SNOW AS WELL AS  
ANY FRESHLY FALLEN SNOW AND MAKE TRAVEL HAZARDOUS. ANYONE TRAVELING  
TODAY OR TOMORROW, INCLUDING DURING THE EVENING AND TOMORROW MORNING  
COMMUTES, SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR HIGHLY VARIABLE ROAD CONDITIONS,  
WITH SHARPLY REDUCED VISIBILITY, GUSTY WINDS, AND SNOW-COVERED ROADS  
WITH LITTLE WARNING IN SQUALLS. FLASH FREEZE, HOWEVER, IS NOT  
ANTICIPATED WITH THESE SNOW SQUALLS. AREAS IN SOUTHEASTERN ST.  
LAWRENCE COUNTY WILL SEE THE MOST IN TERMS OF OVERALL ACCUMULATIONS  
WITH 3 TO 7 INCHES AS SNOW IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE ON AND OFF  
OVERNIGHT TONIGHT, AND HIGHER ACCUMULATIONS ARE POSSIBLE AROUND STAR  
LAKE TO HORSESHOE LAKE. ELSEWHERE, SNOW ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE ONLY A  
DUSTING TO A COUPLE INCHES THROUGH TOMORROW.  
 
.KEY MESSAGE 2:DANGEROUSLY COLD CONDITIONS ARE INCREASINGLY LIKELY  
LATE THIS WEEK, WITH WIND CHILLS OF -20F TO -40F POSSIBLE. AN  
EXTREME COLD WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR FRIDAY NIGHT AND SATURDAY  
MORNING.  
 
AN ARCTIC COLD FRONT IS EXPECTED TO CROSS THE REGION ON FRIDAY,  
USHERING US INTO COLD AIR ADVECTION WITH NORTHWESTERLY WINDS  
GUSTING AS HIGH AS 20-40 KNOTS BOTH FRIDAY INTO FRIDAY EVENING.  
WE ANTICIPATE 925MB LEVEL TEMPERATURES CRASHING INTO THE -25 TO  
-31 C RANGE FRIDAY NIGHT, RESULTING IN TEMPERATURES AT THE  
SURFACE FALLING INTO THE 0 TO -20 F RANGE BY EARLY SATURDAY  
MORNING AND WIND CHILLS AS LOW AS 15 TO 35 DEGREES BELOW ZERO.  
COLDEST CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE ADIRONDACKS AND AT  
HIGHEST ELEVATIONS OF THE GREENS. ALTHOUGH SOME OF OUR AREA MAY  
NOT REACH EXTREME COLD WARNING CRITERIA (-30F), IT WILL BE  
DANGEROUSLY COLD FOR ANYONE WHO MIGHT BE OUTDOORS FRIDAY EVENING  
THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO AVOID BEING  
OUTSIDE, MAKE SURE TO WEAR PLENTY OF WARM CLOTHING, INCLUDING  
HATS AND MITTENS OR GLOVES. AND DON'T FORGET ABOUT YOUR PETS;  
BRING THEM INSIDE IF ABLE. IF NOT, MAKE SURE THEY HAVE ADEQUATE  
SHELTER FROM THE COLD.  
 
WHILE SATURDAY NIGHT WILL ALSO BE VERY COLD WITH LOWS IN THE 0 TO  
NEGATIVE 20 RANGE AS WELL, WE ARE LACKING THE WIND COMPONENT FOR  
SIMILAR BRUTAL WIND CHILLS AS HIGH PRESSURE MOVES OVERHEAD. A  
POWERFUL NOR'EASTER WILL DEVELOP ON SUNDAY AND TRACK UP THE EASTERN  
SEABOARD, POTENTIALLY SENDING SOME OVERSHOOTING CLOUDS TO COVER THE  
FORECAST AREA SATURDAY NIGHT, WHICH MAY ALSO LIMIT HOW COLD WE GET  
WITH REGULAR LOWS. ADDITIONAL COLD WEATHER HEADLINES MIGHT BE  
NEEDED, BUT CONFIDENCE REMAINS LOW.  
 
KEY MESSAGE 3: WIDESPREAD SNOW INCREASINGLY LIKELY SUNDAY NIGHT  
INTO MONDAY.  
 
A DEEPENING COASTAL LOW WILL TRACK THROUGH THE MID-ATLANTIC SUNDAY  
INTO SUNDAY NIGHT AND THEN SOMEWHAT UP THE EAST COAST INTO MONDAY.  
OUR WEEKEND COLD MAKER 1040MB HIGH LOOKS TO KEEP THE LOW FROM  
TRULY RIDING UP THE COASTLINE, BUT THE PRECIPITATION SHIELD  
WITH THIS PARTICULAR SYSTEM IS UNCHARACTERISTICALLY WIDE,  
EXTENDING SEVERAL HUNDRED MILES TO THE NORTH INTO NEW ENGLAND.  
RECENT TRENDS HAVE CONTINUED TO SUGGEST A STRONGER SYSTEM WITH  
SEVERAL NORTHWARD JOGS PUSHING MORE WIDESPREAD SNOWFALL INTO  
MUCH OF THE REGION. THE MOST LIKELY SOLUTION IS THAT THE  
HEAVIEST SNOW STAYS TO OUR SOUTH, HOWEVER, NEAR OR AT ADVISORY  
LEVEL SNOWFALL AMOUNTS APPEAR LIKELY. NBM PROBABILITIES HAVE  
INCREASED NORTHWARD WITH PROBABILITIES OF 4 INCHES OF SNOW UP TO  
AT LEAST 50% FOR THE ENTIRE REGION, AND UP TO 70-80% FOR THE  
SOUTHERN REGIONS OF THE AREA. FURTHERMORE, PROBABILITIES FOR 8  
INCHES OR GREATER HAVE COME UP 10-20% TO A RANGE OF 30-50% ALONG  
THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN SPINE OF THE GREENS, SOUTHERN VERMONT,  
AND AROUND THE HIGH PEAKS OF THE ADIRONDACKS. WHILE IT WILL BE  
DIFFICULT INITIALLY TO SEE ANY SNOWFALL WITH A DOMINATING DRY  
1040MB HIGH PRECEDING THE SYSTEM, A STRONGER LOW SOLUTION WILL  
HELP TO ERODE THAT AIR MASS FASTER WITH RECENT TRENDS. ONE  
ADDITIONAL NOTE IS THAT ENSEMBLES HAVE SLOWED THE SYSTEM WITH AN  
ARRIVAL LATER INTO SUNDAY NIGHT WITH SNOW SHOWERS LINGERING  
PERHAPS INTO MIDDAY MONDAY ACROSS CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN VERMONT.  
AREAS IN NEW YORK, ESPECIALLY THE NORTHERN ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY  
WILL SEE SNOW TAPER OFF THE QUICKEST, AND HENCE WILL LIKELY SEE  
THE LEAST SNOW FROM THIS SYSTEM. ALL SAID, AN IMPACTFUL MORE  
TYPICAL WINTER SYSTEM FROM WHAT WE HAVE SEEN THIS SEASON IS  
LOOKING INCREASINGLY LIKELY TO START NEXT WEEK. CURRENT 48 HOUR  
NBM SNOWFALL THRESHOLDS USING 15- 20:1 SNOW RATIOS ARE AS  
FOLLOWS:  
 
SOUTHERN AREAS:  
2" 70-90%  
6" 50-70%  
12" 20-30%  
 
NORTHERN AREAS:  
2" 55-75%  
6" 30-50%  
12" 10-20%  
 

 
   
AVIATION /07Z THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/
 
 
THROUGH 06Z FRIDAY...LIGHT TO MODERATE SNOW IN ASSOCIATION WITH A  
PASSING WEAK COLD FRONT IS SHIFTING EAST THROUGH THE REGION WITH  
VISIBILITIES AT TIMES AS LOW AS 1SM, PRIMARILY AT SLK. RADAR SHOWS A  
LINE OF LIGHT TO MODERATE SNOW SHOWERS PASSING THROUGH THE  
ADIRONDACKS WITH SOME STEADIER LIGHTER SNOW SHOWERS ACROSS VERMONT  
AT RUT/EFK/MPV. THIS LINE OF SNOW SHOWERS WILL SHIFT EAST THROUGH  
ABOUT 12-13Z WITH REDUCTIONS IN FLIGHT CATEGORIES TO MVFR AND  
PERHAPS BRIEF IFR MAINLY DUE TO VSBYS DROPS TO MVFR/IFR. CEILINGS  
WILL GENERALLY STAY PREVAILING ABOVE 3000FT AGL, HOWEVER, UNDER ANY  
BANDS OF SNOW SHOWERS CIGS MAY BRIEFLY REDUCE TO 2000-3000 FT AGL.  
BEYOND 12Z, THE LINE OF MODERATE SNOW SHOWERS WILL SHIFT EAST OF  
MOST TERMINALS WITH LINGERING SNOW SHOWERS FROM A DEVELOPING LAKE  
EFFECT SNOW BAND, IMPACTING SLK/PBG/EFK, AND PERHAPS BTV AT TIMES.  
THERE IS STILL UNCERTAINTY HOW WHERE THE BAND EXACTLY SETS UP. ASIDE  
FROM THE SNOW FORECAST, SOUTH/SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL REMAIN GUSTY  
THROUGH THE TAF PERIOD WITH A PERSISTENT 40-45 KT JET. SURFACE  
GUSTS WILL GENERALLY BE IN THE 20-30KT RANGE. LLWS WILL WEAKEN  
BY 12Z AS THE PEAK OF THE JET SHIFTS EAST BY DAYBREAK. WINDS  
ACROSS THE REGION WILL SHIFT FROM SOUTH THIS MORNING TO  
SOUTHWEST BY THE AFTERNOON AND PREVAIL SOUTHWEST TO WEST THROUGH  
THE REMAINDER OF THE TAF PERIOD.  
 
OUTLOOK...  
 
FRIDAY: VFR. CHANCE SHSN.  
FRIDAY NIGHT: VFR. SLIGHT CHANCE SHSN.  
SATURDAY: VFR. NO SIG WX.  
SATURDAY NIGHT: VFR. NO SIG WX.  
SUNDAY: VFR. CHANCE SN.  
SUNDAY NIGHT: MAINLY VFR, WITH AREAS MVFR POSSIBLE. CHANCE SN.  
MONDAY: MVFR. CHANCE SN.  
 

 
   
CLIMATE
 
 
RECORD LOW MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE ON SATURDAY; BELOW  
ARE THE CURRENT RECORDS:  
 
KBTV (BURLINGTON AREA): -4 IN 1907  
KPBG (PLATTSBURGH AREA): 0 IN 1976  
KSLK (SARANAC LAKE AREA): -10 IN 1936  
KMSS (MASSENA): -5 IN 2004  
KMPV (MONTPELIER): 0 IN 2004  
SJBV1 (ST. JOHNSBURY): -3 IN 1907  
 

 
   
EQUIPMENT
 
 
NOAA WEATHER RADIO STATION WXM-44, TRANSMITTING FROM MT.  
ASCUTNEY, VERMONT, ON FREQUENCY 162.475 MHZ IS NON-OPERATIONAL  
AT THIS TIME. NWS TECHNICIANS HAVE DIAGNOSED THE PROBLEM, BUT  
REPAIRS WILL LIKELY NOT BE ABLE TO OCCUR FOR QUITE SOME TIME DUE  
TO CIRCUMSTANCES BEYOND OUR CONTROL. THEREFORE, THE TIME OF  
RETURN TO SERVICE IS CURRENTLY UNKNOWN. THE FOLLOWING NOAA  
WEATHER RADIO TRANSMITTERS MAY BE ABLE TO PROVIDE SERVICE DURING  
THIS OUTAGE: WWG 50 FROM BURKE MTN, VT AT 162.425 MHZ AND WNG  
546 FROM HANOVER, NH AT 162.525 MHZ.  
 
THE COLCHESTER REEF METEOROLOGICAL STATION IS OUT OF SERVICE.  
THIS SITE IS NOT SERVICED BY THE NWS AND THERE ISN'T AN  
ESTIMATED RETURN TO SERVICE AT PRESENT. USE EXTRA CAUTION WHEN  
NAVIGATING THE BROAD WATERS OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN. PLEASE CONTACT US  
IF YOU OBSERVE WINDS SIGNIFICANTLY DEVIATING FROM THE  
RECREATIONAL FORECAST.  
 

 
   
BTV WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
VT...EXTREME COLD WATCH FROM FRIDAY EVENING THROUGH SATURDAY  
AFTERNOON FOR VTZ001>011-016>021.  
NY...EXTREME COLD WATCH FROM FRIDAY EVENING THROUGH SATURDAY  
AFTERNOON FOR NYZ026>031-034-035-087.  
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO 7 PM EST  
FRIDAY FOR NYZ029.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...DANZIG/STORM  
AVIATION...DANZIG  
CLIMATE...NWS BTV  
EQUIPMENT...NWS BTV  
 
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