398  
FXUS63 KARX 132343  
AFDARX  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LA CROSSE WI  
643 PM CDT TUE MAY 13 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- ISOLATED SHOWERS AND STORMS POSSIBLE (15-30%) THIS AFTERNOON  
AND AGAIN WEDNESDAY, MAINLY EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.  
 
- STRONG TO SEVERE WEATHER CONTINUES TO APPEAR POSSIBLE  
THURSDAY. CONFIDENCE IN EXACT LOCATION AND TIMING REMAINS LOW,  
BUT LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS WINDS APPEAR POSSIBLE.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 149 PM CDT TUE MAY 13 2025  
 
ISOLATED SHOWERS AND STORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND WEDNESDAY  
 
WITH THE DEPARTING AREA OF LOW PRESSURE CURRENTLY OVER TENNESSEE,  
EVIDENT IN WATER VAPOR IMAGERY, VARIOUS SHORTWAVES GET FLUNG  
NORTHWESTWARD INTO THE GREAT LAKES REGION TODAY AND WEDNESDAY. WHILE  
NOT OVERLY IMPRESSIVE WITH REGARDS TO AMPLITUDE/MAGNITUDE, THESE  
SHORTWAVES COMBINED WITH INCREASING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE AND DIURNAL  
HEATING SHOULD PROVE ENOUGH FOR ISOLATED SHOWER AND STORM  
DEVELOPMENT DURING THE AFTERNOONS, MAINLY EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI  
RIVER, BUT AREAS WEST MAY STILL SEE SOME PRECIPITATION. ANYTHING  
THAT DOES DEVELOP IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN WEAK AS SKINNY CAPE PROFILES  
AND WEAK 0-6KM BULK SHEAR GENERALLY 10KTS OR LESS CONTINUE TO BE  
DEPICTED IN THE MODEL SOLUTIONS. EXPECTING A BROAD AREA OF 15-30%  
PROBABILITIES OF PRECIPITATION EACH AFTERNOON.  
 
STRONG TO SEVERE WEATHER THURSDAY  
 
UNFORTUNATELY, NOT MUCH LIGHT HAS BEEN SHED ON THURSDAY'S FORECAST  
TODAY. WHILE CONSENSUS REMAINS SURROUNDING AN UPPER LEVEL SHORTWAVE  
TROUGH CURRENTLY OVER THE WESTERN UNITED STATES EJECTING INTO THE  
GREAT PLAINS AND TAKING ON A NEGATIVE TILT WHILE CYCLOGENESIS OCCURS  
AT THE SURFACE IN RESPONSE, GLOBAL DETERMINISTIC MODELS  
(GFS/ECMWF/CANADIAN) AND THEIR ENSEMBLE COUNTERPARTS CONTINUE  
TO VARY IN THEIR SOLUTIONS REGARDING SAID TROUGH AND ASSOCIATED  
SURFACE CYCLOGENESIS.  
 
SYNOPTICALLY, THURSDAY'S ENVIRONMENT LOOKS TO BE FAVORABLE FOR  
STRONG TO SEVERE WEATHER ACROSS AT LEAST A PORTION OF OUR AREA.  
WISCONSIN WILL BE SITUATED IN THE LEFT EXIT REGION OF A 250HPA JET  
STREAK WITH STRENGTHENING WINDS IN THE VERTICAL, COOLING  
TEMPERATURES ALOFT ALLOWING FOR STEEPENING MID-LEVEL LAPSE RATES OF  
7.5-8 C/KM, AND SURFACE MOISTURE ADVECTION INCREASING DEWPOINTS INTO  
THE LOW TO MID 60S. THE 13.00Z LREF SUGGESTS CAPE VALUES OF AROUND  
2000 J/KG AND 0-6KM BULK WIND SHEAR OF 40-50KTS, WHICH WOULD SUPPORT  
STRONG UPDRAFTS. HOWEVER, THE ORIENTATION OF SAID SHEAR TO THE  
SURFACE COLD FRONT WILL ULTIMATELY DETERMINE THE STORM MODE THAT IS  
REALIZED WITH THIS EVENT. THE 13.00Z LREF SUGGESTS A PARALLEL  
ORIENTATION TO THE COLD FRONT INDICATIVE OF UPSCALE GROWTH AND AND A  
LINEAR CONVECTIVE MODE. HOWEVER, THE 13.12Z OPERATIONAL NAM REMAINS  
OPTIMISTIC OF A MORE PERPENDICULAR SHEAR VECTOR INDICATIVE OF A  
DISCRETE STORM MODE. GIVEN AMPLE CAPE, STRONG SHEAR, AND A LOW WBZ  
HEIGHT, LARGE HAIL APPEARS TO BE A FAVORED HAZARD WITH THIS EVENT.  
SIMILARLY, WITH THE ADDITION OF DRY MID TO UPPER LEVEL AIR ALLOWING  
FOR DCAPE IN EXCESS OF 1000 J/KG, DAMAGING WINDS ARE ALSO A  
FAVORABLE HAZARD.  
 
ONE OF THE LIMITING FACTORS TO THIS EVENT IS VARIATIONS AMONGST THE  
MODELS IN REGARD TO TIMING OF THE SURFACE COLD FRONT. THE 13.06Z  
GEFS/GEPS REMAIN THE FASTER SOLUTIONS, BRINGING THE SURFACE COLD  
FRONT THROUGH THE AREA EARLIER IN THE DAY, GENERALLY BY EARLY  
AFTERNOON WHEREAS THE 13.06Z EPS BRINGS THE COLD FRONT THROUGH THE  
AREA LATER IN THE AFTERNOON AND INTO THE EVENING HOURS. THE  
IMPLICATIONS BEING THAT THE 13.06Z EPS ALLOWS FOR THE MAJORITY OF  
OUR AREA TO SEE STRONG TO SEVERE WEATHER WHEREAS THE 13.06Z  
GEFS/GEPS SUGGESTS AREAS EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER WOULD BE  
FAVORED. THESE VARIATIONS HAVE PLAGUED THE FORECAST OVER THE PAST  
SEVERAL RUNS.  
 
ANOTHER LIMITING FACTOR IS THE POSSIBILITY OF A 700-900HPA WARM  
NOSE IN PLACE, CAPPING THE SURFACE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE MID AND  
UPPER LEVEL ENVIRONMENT. IF THIS CAP IS REALIZED, LITTLE IN THE  
WAY OF CONVECTION WOULD DEVELOP DESPITE THE FAVORABLE SYNOPTIC  
ENVIRONMENT. RECENT MODEL SOUNDINGS HAVE ATTEMPTED TO ERODE THIS  
FEATURE, THOUGH WOULD LIKE TO SEE A MORE STABLE TREND ONE WAY  
OR THE OTHER.  
 
ALL SAID, LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS APPEAR THE MOST LIKELY  
HAZARDS WITH STORMS THAT DEVELOP THURSDAY. THE RISK OF TORNADOES IS  
DEPENDENT ON THE SHEAR ORIENTATION AND ULTIMATE STORM MODE THAT IS  
REALIZED, BUT IT IS DIFFICULT TO RULE THEM OUT COMPLETELY AT  
THE MOMENT.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 640 PM CDT TUE MAY 13 2025  
 
ISOLATED SHOWERS AND STORMS GRADUALLY DIMINISH IN COVERAGE THIS  
EVENING WITH VFR CONDITIONS OVERNIGHT INTO THE MORNING ON  
WEDNESDAY. SCATTERED 3-5-KFT-BASED SHOWERS AND STORMS ONCE  
AGAIN DEVELOP BY EARLY TO MID-AFTERNOON ON WEDNESDAY, PRIMARILY  
EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, THOUGH THE THREAT FOR A STRAY  
STORM COULD EXTEND AS FAR WEST AS RST IN THE AFTERNOON. WINDS  
REMAIN FROM THE SOUTHEAST AROUND 5KTS TONIGHT, INCREASING TO  
AROUND 10 KTS FOR WEDNESDAY.  
 

 
   
ARX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
WI...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
IA...NONE.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...FALKINHAM  
AVIATION...SKOW  
 
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