869  
FXUS63 KDMX 161903  
AFDDMX  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA  
203 PM CDT FRI MAY 16 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- STRONG AND GUSTY WINDS THROUGH THIS EVENING, WITH A WIND  
ADVISORY IN EFFECT ACROSS MUCH OF NORTHERN, WESTERN, AND INTO  
CENTRAL IOWA.  
 
- PATCHY LIGHT RAIN THROUGH EARLY TONIGHT, MAINLY ACROSS THE  
NORTHERN HALF OF IOWA, AND NOTABLY COOLER WEATHER THROUGH THE  
WEEKEND.  
 
- MORE ACTIVE WEATHER IS FORECAST FROM LATE SUNDAY INTO EARLY  
NEXT WEEK. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS AND HEAVY RAIN MAY BE POSSIBLE  
AT TIMES BETWEEN SUNDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY, BUT CONFIDENCE IN  
TIMING AND DETAILS IS LOW AT THIS RANGE.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 203 PM CDT FRI MAY 16 2025  
 
THINGS HAVE UNFOLDED LARGELY AS FORECAST TODAY. A LARGE GYRE IS  
SPINNING OVER NORTHERN/CENTRAL MINNESOTA, AND THIS MORNING A  
WEAK SHORTWAVE IMPULSE ROUNDING THE BASE OF THE CYCLONE  
GENERATED SOME SPRINKLES/LIGHT SHOWERS ACROSS CENTRAL AND  
SOUTHERN IOWA BUT GENERALLY WITH ONLY A TRACE OF RAIN. MEANWHILE  
A SURFACE TROUGH IS MOVING ACROSS OUR FORECAST AREA LIKE A  
SPOKE ON THE WHEEL, CURRENTLY PICKING UP ON RADAR AND  
APPROACHING THE DES MOINES AND WATERLOO AREAS. AHEAD OF THIS  
TROUGH WINDS ARE FROM THE SOUTHWEST AND SKIES ARE MOSTLY SUNNY  
WITH TEMPERATURE CLIMBING ALL THE WAY TO 82 AT OSKALOOSA, BUT  
BEHIND THE TROUGH WINDS SHIFT TO WESTERLY, SKIES BECOME MOSTLY  
CLOUDY WITH A FEW SPRINKLES/LIGHT SHOWERS, AND TEMPERATURES HAVE  
FALLEN TO 49 AT ESTHERVILLE. WINDS ARE STRONG AND GUSTY  
EVERYWHERE, BUT PARTICULARLY BEHIND THE TROUGH AND ACROSS OUR  
FAVORED NORTHERN AND WESTERN AREAS WHERE A COUPLE OF SITES HAVE  
SPORADICALLY REACHED HIGH WIND WARNING CRITERIA, BUT THE  
MAJORITY OF THE AREA/TIME HAVE REMAINED SOLIDLY WITHIN WIND  
ADVISORY CRITERIA. AS SUCH, NO CHANGES HAVE BEEN MADE TO THE  
ONGOING ADVISORY WHICH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH 9 PM.  
 
AS THE LARGE CYCLONE MOVES EASTWARD INTO THE GREAT LAKES REGION  
AND CONTINUES TO SLOWLY FILL IN TONIGHT, WINDS WILL GRADUALLY  
DIMINISH AFTER SUNSET AND ANY LINGERING LIGHT RAIN WILL MOVE  
OUT. A HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE WILL THEN BUILD IN FROM THE NORTH  
SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT, LEADING TO MOSTLY CLEAR SKIES BY  
SATURDAY AFTERNOON ALONG WITH COOLER TEMPERATURES THROUGH THE  
WEEKEND. ON SATURDAY TEMPERATURES WILL REMAIN IN THE 60S DESPITE  
GOOD INSOLATION LATE IN THE DAY, AND IN THE NORTH CLOSER TO THE  
RIDGE AXIS AND WHERE CLOUDS MAY LINGER LONGER THROUGH THE  
MORNING, TEMPERATURES MAY NOT EVEN REACH 60 DEGREES. AFTER  
SUNSET TEMPERATURES SHOULD THEN FALL QUICKLY SATURDAY NIGHT,  
ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WHERE WINDS GO VERY LIGHT OR CALM, AND  
SUNDAY MORNING LOWS ARE FORECAST IN THE MID TO UPPER 30S IN OUR  
NORTHERN COUNTIES AND MID-40S IN THE SOUTH. AT THIS TIME THE  
LOWEST FORECAST TEMPS ARE 37-38 AND WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO STAY  
LIGHT (RATHER THAN CALM) WITH THE CORE OF THE RIDGE OVER  
MINNESOTA, SO HAVE NOT INCLUDED ANY FROST IN THE FORECAST.  
HOWEVER, IT IS POSSIBLE ISOLATED, SHELTERED LOCATIONS IN OUR  
NORTHWEST COULD SEE A LIGHT FROST BY SUNRISE SUNDAY.  
 
THE GENERAL SCENARIO FOR EARLY NEXT WEEK HAS NOT CHANGED  
APPRECIABLY SINCE YESTERDAY, BUT WITH SOME INCREASE IN  
CONFIDENCE LEVELS REGARDING THE DETAILS OF THE EVOLUTION. BY  
SUNDAY MORNING A TROUGH WILL HAVE DUG INTO THE WESTERN U.S.,  
WITH A TWO-PHASE APPEARANCE OF VORTICITY MAXIMA, ONE NEAR THE  
UTAH/ARIZONA BORDER AND THE OTHER OVER WASHINGTON STATE. DURING  
THE DAY SUNDAY THE NORTHERN VORTMAX WILL SINK SOUTH  
SOUTHEASTWARD WHILE THE SOUTHERN ONE LIFTS SLOWLY NORTHEASTWARD,  
AND THEREAFTER THE TWO WILL DO-SI-DO AND EVENTUALLY CONGEAL INTO  
ONE LARGE MID/UPPER LOW OVER THE HIGH PLAINS BY MONDAY EVENING.  
THE ENTIRE SYSTEM WILL THEN MOVE SLOWLY EASTWARD OVER IOWA  
BEFORE PASSING TO THE EAST AROUND WEDNESDAY NIGHT. AT THE  
SURFACE, THE AFOREMENTIONED HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE WILL LIE ACROSS  
THE UPPER MIDWEST AND IOWA SUNDAY MORNING AHEAD OF THE STORM  
SYSTEM, WITH COOL AND DRY CONDITIONS IN PLACE. BY SUNDAY EVENING  
HOWEVER, THINGS WILL BEGIN TO CHANGE AS THE WESTERN STORM  
SYSTEM APPROACHES, TURNING STEERING FLOW OVER IOWA TO THE  
SOUTHWEST WITH WARM AIR/MOISTURE ADVECTION ALOFT SURGING IN.  
FORECAST SOUNDINGS SHOW THIS RAPID WARMING/SATURATING ALOFT, BUT  
ALSO MAINTAIN A DRY NEAR-SURFACE LAYER CONSISTENT WITH EASTERLY  
SURFACE FLOW OUT OF THE RETREATING RIDGE. WHILE SOME  
DETERMINISTIC MODEL RUNS PAINT COPIOUS QPF ACROSS OUR FORECAST  
AREA SUNDAY NIGHT, OTHERS (MOST NOTABLY THE NAM) ARE MORE  
BEARISH AS A RESULT OF THIS LOW-LEVEL DRY AIR. REGARDLESS OF  
WHETHER PRECIPITATION IS WIDESPREAD OR MORE SCATTERED, AND HOW  
EARLY SUNDAY NIGHT IT IS ABLE TO COMMENCE, MODEL SOUNDINGS ARE  
NEARLY UNANIMOUS IN DEPICTING INCREASING INSTABILITY ALOFT,  
ESPECIALLY IN OUR SOUTHWESTERN COUNTIES WHERE MUCAPES WILL  
INCREASE TO AROUND 2000-2500 J/KG BY LATE SUNDAY NIGHT. WHILE  
SHEAR IN THE ELEVATED LAYER IS NOT OVERLY STRONG, IT IS ENOUGH  
COMBINED WITH THE STRONG INSTABILITY TO SUPPORT A HAIL THREAT  
DURING THIS TIME, AGAIN MAINLY IN OUR SOUTHWEST, AND THIS IS  
WELL ILLUSTRATED BY THE D3 MARGINAL RISK FROM SPC.  
 
DURING THE DAY ON MONDAY, SURFACE CYCLOGENESIS WILL RESULT IN A  
DEEPENING LOW OVER THE OK/TX PANHANDLE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A  
WARM FRONT ARCING ACROSS NORTHEASTERN KS AND NORTHERN MO. NORTH  
OF THIS BOUNDARY, OVER IOWA, CONVECTIVE EVOLUTION DURING THE DAY  
IS UNCERTAIN AS WARM AIR ADVECTION CONTINUES ALOFT BUT IS  
UNDERCUT BY COOLER SURFACE FLOW FROM THE EAST NORTHEAST, AND  
BROAD BUT NEBULOUS FORCING OVERHEAD IS UNFOCUSED BY A LACK OF  
SURFACE BOUNDARIES/HEATING. THIS SHOULD RESULT IN A RELATIVE  
LULL IN PRECIPITATION FOR MOST OF THE DAY, BUT WITH A  
MAINTENANCE OF POPS IN THE FORECAST TO ACCOUNT FOR SCATTERED  
RAIN/STORMS ESPECIALLY WITH THE DEGREE OF SATURATION JUST ABOVE  
THE SURFACE. BY LATE IN THE DAY MONDAY THUNDERSTORMS SHOULD  
DEVELOP RAPIDLY NEAR THE SURFACE WARM FRONT, PERHAPS JUST TO OUR  
SOUTHWEST, AND MOVE NORTHEASTWARD INTO OUR SERVICE AREA IN THE  
DEEPER STEERING FLOW. AS THE MID/UPPER LOW MOVED IN MONDAY NIGHT  
AND MEAN WINDS BACK AROUND INTO IT, STORM MOTION WILL SLOW AND  
HIGH POPS WILL BE MAINTAINED RIGHT ACROSS IOWA. THIS WILL LEAD  
TO A POTENTIAL FOR SLOWING/ERRATIC MOTION OF INDIVIDUAL  
CONVECTIVE ELEMENTS AND PROLONGED POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN,  
LEADING TO AN INCREASING CONCERN OF HYDROLOGIC IMPACTS. HOWEVER,  
THESE ARE MITIGATED BY THE VERY DRY ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS, AND  
LIMITED BY A RELATIVE LACK OF CONFIDENCE IN SUCH DETAILS 3-4  
DAYS OUT. IN ADDITION, THERE IS CERTAINLY SOME POTENTIAL FOR  
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE MONDAY/MONDAY NIGHT, HOWEVER, IF THE  
SURFACE WARM FRONT DOES STAY SOUTH OF OUR AREA THEN ANY STORMS  
WOULD LIKELY BE ELEVATED FOR US, AND WITH PROFILES SATURATED THE  
THREAT OF ANY HAIL/WIND WOULD APPEAR FAIRLY LOW AND MOSTLY  
CONFINED TO OUR SOUTHERN COUNTIES. THAT BEING SAID, WE ARE STILL  
SEVERAL DAYS OUT FROM THIS SYSTEM AND ANY NORTHWARD SHIFT IN THE  
LOCATION OF THE BOUNDARY WOULD HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON OUR  
SEVERE WEATHER PROBABILITIES, SO THE SITUATION DEFINITELY BEARS  
WATCHING OVER THE NEXT FEW DAYS.  
 
BY TUESDAY THE LARGE STORM SYSTEM WILL BE FILLING IN AND  
GRADUALLY WEAKENING, THEN MOVING OFF TO THE EAST, WITH ANY  
PRECIPITATION IN OUR AREA DIMINISHING IN INTENSITY ON TUESDAY  
AND ENDING SOMETIME AROUND TUESDAY NIGHT OR SO. THIS WILL BE  
FOLLOWED A BRIEF PERIOD OF DEEP-LAYER RIDGING THAT SHOULD  
PROVIDE A RESPITE OF QUIETER WEATHER ROUGHLY AROUND  
WEDNESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY OR SO, FOLLOWED BY AN ESTABLISHMENT  
OF RELATIVELY BRISK WEST NORTHWESTERLY 500 MB FLOW LATER NEXT  
WEEK WHICH MAY LEAD TO A RETURN OF INTERMITTENT PRECIPITATION  
CHANCES AND A PREVENTION OF ANY SIGNIFICANT WARMING.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z SATURDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 1224 PM CDT FRI MAY 16 2025  
 
STRONG WINDS ARE SPREADING ACROSS THE AREA AND WILL PERSIST  
THROUGH MOST OF THE TAF PERIOD, RESULTING IN FREQUENT CROSSWINDS  
OF GREATER THAN 20 KT PARTICULARLY ON NORTH-SOUTH RUNWAYS. LOW  
CLOUDS AND LIGHT SHOWERS ARE ALSO COMING IN FROM THE NORTHWEST  
THIS AFTERNOON, AND WILL RESULT IN PREVAILING MVFR CEILINGS AT  
MOST TERMINALS FROM LATER TODAY THROUGH TONIGHT, WITH BRIEF IFR  
CEILINGS POSSIBLE AT MCW/FOD BUT NOT PROBABLE ENOUGH TO INCLUDE  
IN THE 18Z TAFS. ANY VISIBILITY RESTRICTIONS FROM -SHRA WILL  
GENERALLY BE MVFR AND LIMITED TO THE NORTHERN TERMINALS.  
 

 
   
DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 9 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR IAZ004>007-  
015>017-023>026-033>037-044>048-057>060-070>072-081-082-092-  
093.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...LEE  
AVIATION...LEE  
 
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