638  
FXUS63 KFGF 311904  
AFDFGF  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND  
204 PM CDT SAT MAY 31 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- HEAVY SMOKE TODAY THROUGH AT LEAST SUNDAY EVENING WITH  
POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO ALL POPULATION GROUPS.  
 
- ISOLATED SEVERE STORMS MONDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING FOR PARTS OF  
SOUTHEAST NORTH DAKOTA AND WEST CENTRAL MINNESOTA.  
 
- 40% CHANCE FOR MORE THAN 1 INCH OF RAIN EARLY NEXT WEEK  
SOUTHEAST NORTH DAKOTA AND WEST CENTRAL MINNESOTA.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 132 PM CDT SAT MAY 31 2025  
   
..SYNOPSIS
 
 
SURFACE ANALYSIS INDICATES A FAIRLY DIFFUSE PRESSURE PATTERN  
WITH A PRESSURE RIDGE ACROSS NORTHWEST MINNESOTA. WIDESPREAD  
SMOKE CONTINUES TO PREVENT US REALIZING FULL POTENTIAL IN  
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES WITH THE 850 THERMAL RIDGE ON TOP OF US,  
HOWEVER TEMPERATURES WILL REMAIN FAIRLY WARM IN THE LOW TO MID  
80S THIS AFTERNOON.  
 
THIS TYPE OF PATTERN WILL CONTINUE FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE  
WEEKEND AS THE LARGE SCALE RIDGE TRANSLATES EASTWARD SLOWLY BUT  
SURELY. WITH THE THERMAL RIDGE ON TOP OF US TOMORROW, HIGH  
TEMPERATURES MAY PUSH INTO THE 90S, HOWEVER CERTAINTY IN THE  
FORECAST IS LOW GIVEN ONGOING SMOKE.  
 
A STRONG COLD FRONT WILL PUSH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON WITH  
VARIABLE FRONTAL TIMING. THIS BRINGS THE CHANCE FOR SHOWERS AND  
THUNDERSTORMS AHEAD OF AND BEHIND THE COLD FRONT. SOME SPOTS MAY  
GET BRIEFLY HEAVY RAINFALL AND SEVERE STORMS, PARTICULARLY THOSE  
AHEAD OF THE FRONT BY PEAK HEATING MONDAY AFTERNOON.  
 
THE UPPER FLOW PATTERN BECOMES FAIRLY WEAK THEREAFTER WITH  
LIMITED FLOW ALOFT, CAUSING VERY LIMITED SUPPORT FOR ORGANIZED  
THUNDERSTORMS. AS SUCH, THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS  
WEATHER AFTER TUESDAY IS LOW AT THIS TIME.  
   
..SEVERE STORMS MONDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING
 
 
AS THE LARGE 500MB RIDGE PUSHES EAST-SOUTHEASTWARD, A STRONG  
COLD FRONT WILL ACCOMPANY ITS EXIT FROM OUR CWA. FRONTOGENESIS  
LOOKS TO BE FAIRLY STRONG ALONG THIS COLD FRONT THANKS TO THE  
TIGHT TEMPERATURE GRADIENT AND THE POTENTIAL FOR CONVERGENCE.  
THE MAIN QUESTIONS AT THIS POINT ARE HOW FAST DOES THE FRONT  
MOVE THROUGH THE AREA, HOW MUCH INSTABILITY DEVELOPS AHEAD OF  
THE FRONT, AND HOW WIDESPREAD ARE THUNDERSTORMS.  
 
GUIDANCE AS OF 12Z VARIES RATHER SUBSTANTIALLY ON FRONTAL  
POSITION, WITH ENSEMBLES BEING FAIRLY SLOW, WHILE MORE  
MESOSCALE-DRIVEN GUIDANCE IS MUCH FASTER. ADDITIONALLY, THERE IS  
STRONG VARIATIONS IN LOW-LEVEL MOISTURE CONTENT HEAVILY DRIVEN  
BY SURFACE-850MB MOISTURE ADVECTION DIRECTIONS. THIS TIME OF  
YEAR IS FAIRLY EARLY FOR ASSISTANCE FROM EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, SO  
THE EXPECTATION IS FOR DEWPOINTS TO MORE LIKELY THAN NOT  
APPROACH THE MID TO UPPER 50S WITH THE LOW CHANCE TO PUSH LOW TO  
MID 60S. WITH FORCING AS STRONG AS IT IS, THERE SHOULDN'T BE TOO  
MUCH ISSUE BREAKING THROUGH ANY CAPPING INVERSION AT THE TOP OF  
THE BOUNDARY LAYER. THE MAIN QUESTION FROM A MOISTURE STANDPOINT  
WILL BE HOW COOL WOULD DOWNDRAFTS THEORETICALLY BE. THE OTHER  
ISSUE THAT ARISES THANKS TO THE STRONG FRONTOGENESIS IS THAT  
THUNDERSTORMS MAY DEVELOP FAIRLY QUICKLY AND INTERFERE WITH EACH  
OTHER. EVEN RIGHT MOVING SUPERCELL VECTORS HAVE A LARGER FRONT-  
PARALLEL COMPONENT THAN IS IDEAL FOR ISOLATED SUPERCELLS SO  
CLUSTERING SEEMS TO BE A FAIRLY STRONG CASE FOR WHAT ARISES.  
 
HAVING SAID ALL OF THIS, SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY TO  
DEVELOP MONDAY AFTERNOON. LOW-LEVEL HODOGRAPHS ARE FAIRLY SOLID  
IN THE VORTICITY DEPARTMENT AND VORTICITY ALONG THE FRONT IS  
STRONG, SO ALL HAZARDS APPEAR FEASIBLE IN THIS TYPE OF  
ENVIRONMENT, PENDING THERMODYNAMIC LIMITATIONS SUCH AS COLDER  
DOWNDRAFTS OWING TO WETBULBING. IN ANY CASE, HAVE MULTIPLE WAYS  
TO RECEIVE WARNINGS.  
   
..HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL
 
 
HEAVY RAINFALL APPEARS LIKE A POTENTIAL SCENARIO GIVEN THE  
LARGELY FRONT PARALLEL FLOW AHEAD OF THE FRONT AND STRONG  
FORCING. THIS WILL LARGELY DEPEND ON WHERE STORMS FORM AND IF  
THEY CONGEAL/RUN INTO EACH OTHER AND HOW MUCH MOISTURE ADVECTION  
WE RECEIVE. THIS DOES APPEAR TO LARGELY BE DRIVEN BY TRAINING AS  
THERMAL PROFILES IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER ARE RELATIVELY DRY. IF  
STORMS CAN TRAIN, THEN EXPECT AT LEAST SOME POTENTIAL TO EXCEED  
AN INCH OF RAIN. THERE IS A 40% CHANCE OF AT LEAST AN INCH OF  
RAIN AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT IN SOME SPOTS PENDING IDEAL  
CONDITIONS FOR IT. FLASH FLOODING APPEARS UNLIKELY AS ANTECEDENT  
CONDITIONS AND LOCATION SHOULD LIMIT WIDESPREAD IMPACTS.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z SUNDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 1244 PM CDT SAT MAY 31 2025  
 
THE MAIN AVIATION IMPACT FOR THE TAF PERIOD WILL CONTINUE TO BE  
SMOKE. FOR THIS AFTERNOON, VISIBILITIES SHOULD SLOWLY RISE, BUT  
MVFR CEILINGS SHOULD REMAIN AT DVL/GFK FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE  
TAF PERIOD. AS WE PROGRESS TO THE EVENING AND OVERNIGHT HOURS,  
VISIBILITIES MAY START TO DROP ONCE AGAIN AS MIXING DECREASES.  
 
CEILINGS SHOULD REMAIN VFR DESPITE LOW VISIBILITIES, BUT IT IS  
SOMETHING TO MONITOR AS HIGHER LEVEL SMOKE PUSHES IN AS WELL.  
WINDS SHOULD REMAIN FAIRLY LIGHT FOR THE FIRST HALF OF THE TAF  
PERIOD WITH A SHIFT TO INCREASING SOUTHWESTERLY WINDS AFTER 12Z  
TOMORROW.  
 

 
   
FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
ND...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...PERROUX  
AVIATION...PERROUX  
 
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