332  
FXUS63 KFGF 120959  
AFDFGF  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND  
459 AM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES
 
 
- WILDFIRE SMOKE WILL DEGRADE AIR QUALITY TODAY, WITH AN  
ADDITIONAL ROUND SUNDAY.  
 
- THERE IS A LEVEL 1 OUT OF 5 RISK FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS  
MONDAY. THE MAIN HAZARDS ARE HAIL, GUSTY WINDS, AND FLASH  
FLOODING.  
 

 
   
DISCUSSION
 
 
ISSUED AT 417 AM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
   
..SYNOPSIS
 
 
UPPER LEVEL SHORTWAVE TROUGH AXIS RESIDES OVER THE NORTHERN  
PLAINS, WITH POST-FRONTAL AIR MASS FILLED WITH WILDFIRE SMOKE  
OVER THE REGION. THE SHORTWAVE TROUGH WILL CONTINUE TO MIGRATE  
EASTWARD INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST AND WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION  
TODAY FOLLOWED BY GENERALLY NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT. THIS WILL  
CONTINUE TO ADVECT CONTINENTAL AIR MASS ORIGINATING WITHIN  
CANADA, BRINGING ADDITIONAL WILDFIRE SMOKE SUNDAY. ADDITIONAL  
DETAILS ON WILDFIRE SMOKE AND ASSOCIATED IMPACTS FOUND BELOW.  
 
FLOW THEN TURNS MORE ZONAL AS LARGE UPPER LOW OVER THE HUDSON  
BAY DEVELOPS EARLY NEXT WEEK. THIS WILL PROMOTE ENTRANCE REGION  
UPPER JET DYNAMICS TO OVERSPREAD THE HIGH PLAINS, PROMOTING LEE  
TROUGHING AT THE SURFACE. THIS ALSO WILL PROMOTE MOISTURE  
RETURN FROM THE SOUTH INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST  
ALONG WITH INCREASING INSTABILITY AND FRONTAL DEVELOPMENT. WITH  
FORCING FOR ASCENT INCREASING WITHIN THE REGION VIA  
AFOREMENTIONED DYNAMICS AND FRONTAL DEVELOPMENT, CHANCE FOR  
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS INCREASES MONDAY AND TUESDAY.  
INCREASED INSTABILITY AND FLOW ALOFT WILL INTRODUCE THE  
POTENTIAL FOR STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS DURING THIS TIMEFRAME OVER  
THE DAKOTAS INTO MINNESOTA. MORE DETAILS ON THIS FOUND BELOW.  
 
AS THE HUDSON BAY LOW DEVELOPS FURTHER, THERE WILL BE A TENDENCY  
FOR COOLER, CONTINENTAL AIR MASS TO INTRUDE OVER THE REGION.  
ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE LIKE ENS EFI IS NOTING ON HIGHER PROBABILITIES  
OF BELOW AVERAGE TEMPERATURES BETWEEN WEDNESDAY AND FRIDAY.  
LOWS ARE CURRENTLY FORECAST INTO THE 40S AT SOME LOCATIONS  
ALREADY. DRIER CONDITIONS WILL ALSO ACCOMPANY THIS SET UP, AS  
WELL AS ADDITIONAL CHANCE FOR MORE WILDFIRE SMOKE TO INFILTRATE  
THE REGION.  
   
.. WILDFIRE SMOKE TODAY AND SUNDAY
 
 
CURRENT VISIBILITIES AND AQIS INDICATE VERY DENSE SMOKE STILL  
OVER THE REGION. VIIRS DAY NIGHT BAND OVERNIGHT PASS ALSO SHOWS  
SMOKE OVER THE DAKOTAS INTO MINNESOTA. THIS WILL CONTINUE TO BE  
THE CASE TODAY WITH GRADUAL MIGRATION OF SMOKE FROM WEST TO  
EAST. SMOKE GUIDANCE HINTS AT A BRIEF REPRIEVE IN NEAR SURFACE  
SMOKE TONIGHT INTO EARLY SUNDAY BEFORE ANOTHER BOUT OF SMOKE  
BEHIND A SECONDARY COLD FRONT MOVES BACK INTO THE REGION. AREAS  
LIKE NORTHERN RED RIVER VALLEY INTO MINNESOTA ARE RELATIVELY  
MORE FAVORED TO SEE SMOKE IMPACTS THAN OTHER LOCATIONS AS  
SUGGESTED BY AVAILABLE SMOKE GUIDANCE.  
 
SMOKE IS FORECAST TO CONTINUE TO BE THICK ENOUGH TO INCREASE  
RISK OF ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS TO ALL POPULATIONS TODAY AND  
SUNDAY.  
 
SMOKE MAY MIX WITH FOG EARLY THIS MORNING TO FURTHER DECREASE  
VISIBILITIES, PERHAPS BECOMING DENSE AT TIMES LESS THAN HALF A  
MILE. IT IS UNCLEAR JUST HOW REDUCED VISIBILITIES WILL BECOME.  
WHILE LOW IN CONFIDENCE, CANNOT RULE OUT SMOKE MIXING WITH FOG  
TO CREATE LOCALLY SEVERE REDUCTIONS IN VISIBILITIES, WITH  
VISIBILITY NEAR ZERO. SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THIS WOULD POSE  
SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL IMPACT TO TRAVEL CONDITIONS.  
 
   
.. POTENTIAL SEVERE STORMS MONDAY
 
 
THERE IS AN EMERGING CONFIDENCE IN POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE STORMS  
MONDAY. AI GUIDANCE LIKE NCAR'S PANGU AND FENGU CONVECTIVE  
HAZARD FORECASTS BOTH HIGHLIGHT INCREASED PROBABILITIES ABOVE  
15% WITHIN PORTIONS OF NORTH DAKOTA INTO MINNESOTA MONDAY. WHILE  
THE STORM PREDICTION CENTER HIGHLIGHTS CENTRAL ND INTO DEVILS  
LAKE BASIN WITH A LEVEL 1 OUT OF 5 RISK FOR SEVERE STORMS,  
CONFIDENCE IS LOW IN LOCATION OF SEVERE STORMS DUE TO IMPORTANT  
SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE DETAILS REMAINING UNCERTAIN. MODERATE TO  
STRONG INSTABILITY APPEARS LIKELY TO BUILD SOUTH OF A  
DEVELOPING FRONTAL BOUNDARY SOMEWHERE WITHIN NORTH DAKOTA INTO  
NORTHERN OR CENTRAL MINNESOTA. THIS COUPLED WITH SUFFICIENT  
SHEAR AND INCREASED LOWER LEVEL FLOW WILL ALLOW FOR MAIN HAZARDS  
TO CURRENTLY FAVOR HAIL AND GUSTY WINDS (ALTHOUGH TO WHAT  
DEGREE REMAINS UNCERTAIN).  
 
ADDITIONALLY, HEAVY RAINFALL LEADING TO FLASH FLOODING IS  
POSSIBLE AS WELL. CURRENT MODELED GUIDANCE PRESENTS LARGE SWATH  
OF 1-2 INCHES OF RAINFALL OVER THE DAKOTAS INTO MINNESOTA  
MONDAY AND TUESDAY, WITH LOW PROBABILITIES OF 3-5 INCHES ALREADY  
SHOWING UP. COVERAGE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE  
WIDESPREAD GIVEN THE SLOW MOVING AND GENERALLY DIFFUSE NATURE OF  
FORCING FOR ASCENT IN THIS TYPE OF SYNOPTIC PATTERN, BUT WILL  
HINGE UPON OTHER MESOSCALE FACTORS LIKE INSTABILITY, BOUNDARY  
ORIENTATION/LOCATION, AND CLOUD- BEARING FLOW. THIS LOWERS  
CONFIDENCE IN COVERAGE, LOCATION, AND AMOUNT OF RAINFALL. THE  
WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER CURRENTLY HAS A LEVEL 1 OUT OF 4 RISK  
FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL LEADING TO FLASH FLOODING OVER OUR REGION  
FOR MONDAY AND TUESDAY.  
 

 
   
AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z SUNDAY/
 
 
ISSUED AT 1008 PM CDT FRI JUL 11 2025  
 
SMOKE WILL CONTINUE TO BE THE PRIMARY AVIATION IMPACT FOR THE  
TAF PERIOD. THERE WILL BE A BRIEF IMPROVEMENT OVERNIGHT BUT  
SMOKE WILL ONCE AGAIN COVER THE REGION TOMORROW, BRINGING  
VISIBILITIES DOWN TO MVFR AND IFR. OTHER THAN THAT, WINDS WILL  
REMAIN SUSTAINED AROUND 12 KNOTS BY TOMORROW AFTERNOON WITH  
PERIODIC GUSTS TO 20 KNOTS AT TIMES UNTIL THE SUN SETS LATE.  
 

 
   
FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
 
 
ND...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
 

 
 

 
 
DISCUSSION...CJ  
AVIATION...PERROUX  
 
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