721  
FXUS63 KFGF 121759  
AFDFGF  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND  
1259 PM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- WILDFIRE SMOKE WILL DEGRADE AIR QUALITY TODAY, WITH AN  
ADDITIONAL ROUND SUNDAY.  
 
- THERE IS A LEVEL 1 OUT OF 5 RISK FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS  
MONDAY. THE MAIN HAZARDS ARE HAIL, GUSTY WINDS, AND FLASH  
FLOODING.  
 
 
   
UPDATE  
 
ISSUED AT 1259 PM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
 
ADJUSTED SKY GRIDS FOR CURRENT SATELLITE TRENDS AND SLOWED THE  
EXIT OF SMOKE AS WE STILL HAVE QUITE A BIT OF LOWERED VIS WELL  
WEST INTO ND. THINK THERE WILL BE A BREAK IN SMOKE, BUT NOT  
UNTIL LATER TONIGHT INTO TOMORROW MORNING BASED ON MOST RECENT  
GUIDANCE.  
 
UPDATE  
ISSUED AT 938 AM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
 
VISIBILITY FROM A MIX OF SMOKE AND FOG OVER PARTS OF WEST  
CENTRAL MN CONTINUES TO IMPROVE, AND WEBCAMS SHOW COVERAGE IS  
VERY PATCHY AND NOT IMPACTING TRAVEL MUCH. ADJUSTED CLOUD COVER  
UP ACROSS PORTIONS OF OUR EASTERN COUNTIES, AND WILL CONTINUE  
WITH SMOKE MENTION AS POOR AIR QUALITY CONTINUES.  
 
UPDATE  
ISSUED AT 722 AM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
 
NOT MUCH CHANGE SINCE LAST AFD ISSUANCE. MORNING DAYLIGHT  
REAFFIRMS WIDESPREAD SMOKE ACROSS THE REGION, WITH ADDITIONAL  
SMOKE WITHIN WESTERN ND PROGGED TO TREK EASTWARD TODAY.  
 
FOG HAS MIXED WITH SMOKE IN SOME LOCATIONS LIKE PORTIONS OF  
WEST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA TO CREATE ISOLATED POCKETS OF DENSE  
FOG/SMOKE. HOWEVER, THERE ARE NO INDICATIONS OF IMPACTS TO  
TRAVEL CONDITIONS VIA WEBCAMS AND TRAFFIC DATA. THUS, THINKING  
THE SCENARIO MENTIONED IN THE DISCUSSION PORTION OF THE AFD OF  
SEVERELY REDUCED VISIBILITY WILL NOT COME TO FRUITION.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
ISSUED AT 417 AM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
   
..SYNOPSIS  
 
UPPER LEVEL SHORTWAVE TROUGH AXIS RESIDES OVER THE NORTHERN  
PLAINS, WITH POST-FRONTAL AIR MASS FILLED WITH WILDFIRE SMOKE  
OVER THE REGION. THE SHORTWAVE TROUGH WILL CONTINUE TO MIGRATE  
EASTWARD INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST AND WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION  
TODAY FOLLOWED BY GENERALLY NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT. THIS WILL  
CONTINUE TO ADVECT CONTINENTAL AIR MASS ORIGINATING WITHIN  
CANADA, BRINGING ADDITIONAL WILDFIRE SMOKE SUNDAY. ADDITIONAL  
DETAILS ON WILDFIRE SMOKE AND ASSOCIATED IMPACTS FOUND BELOW.  
 
FLOW THEN TURNS MORE ZONAL AS LARGE UPPER LOW OVER THE HUDSON  
BAY DEVELOPS EARLY NEXT WEEK. THIS WILL PROMOTE ENTRANCE REGION  
UPPER JET DYNAMICS TO OVERSPREAD THE HIGH PLAINS, PROMOTING LEE  
TROUGHING AT THE SURFACE. THIS ALSO WILL PROMOTE MOISTURE  
RETURN FROM THE SOUTH INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST  
ALONG WITH INCREASING INSTABILITY AND FRONTAL DEVELOPMENT. WITH  
FORCING FOR ASCENT INCREASING WITHIN THE REGION VIA  
AFOREMENTIONED DYNAMICS AND FRONTAL DEVELOPMENT, CHANCE FOR  
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS INCREASES MONDAY AND TUESDAY.  
INCREASED INSTABILITY AND FLOW ALOFT WILL INTRODUCE THE  
POTENTIAL FOR STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS DURING THIS TIMEFRAME OVER  
THE DAKOTAS INTO MINNESOTA. MORE DETAILS ON THIS FOUND BELOW.  
 
AS THE HUDSON BAY LOW DEVELOPS FURTHER, THERE WILL BE A TENDENCY  
FOR COOLER, CONTINENTAL AIR MASS TO INTRUDE OVER THE REGION.  
ENSEMBLE GUIDANCE LIKE ENS EFI IS NOTING ON HIGHER PROBABILITIES  
OF BELOW AVERAGE TEMPERATURES BETWEEN WEDNESDAY AND FRIDAY.  
LOWS ARE CURRENTLY FORECAST INTO THE 40S AT SOME LOCATIONS  
ALREADY. DRIER CONDITIONS WILL ALSO ACCOMPANY THIS SET UP, AS  
WELL AS ADDITIONAL CHANCE FOR MORE WILDFIRE SMOKE TO INFILTRATE  
THE REGION.  
   
.. WILDFIRE SMOKE TODAY AND SUNDAY  
 
CURRENT VISIBILITIES AND AQIS INDICATE VERY DENSE SMOKE STILL  
OVER THE REGION. VIIRS DAY NIGHT BAND OVERNIGHT PASS ALSO SHOWS  
SMOKE OVER THE DAKOTAS INTO MINNESOTA. THIS WILL CONTINUE TO BE  
THE CASE TODAY WITH GRADUAL MIGRATION OF SMOKE FROM WEST TO  
EAST. SMOKE GUIDANCE HINTS AT A BRIEF REPRIEVE IN NEAR SURFACE  
SMOKE TONIGHT INTO EARLY SUNDAY BEFORE ANOTHER BOUT OF SMOKE  
BEHIND A SECONDARY COLD FRONT MOVES BACK INTO THE REGION. AREAS  
LIKE NORTHERN RED RIVER VALLEY INTO MINNESOTA ARE RELATIVELY  
MORE FAVORED TO SEE SMOKE IMPACTS THAN OTHER LOCATIONS AS  
SUGGESTED BY AVAILABLE SMOKE GUIDANCE.  
 
SMOKE IS FORECAST TO CONTINUE TO BE THICK ENOUGH TO INCREASE  
RISK OF ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS TO ALL POPULATIONS TODAY AND  
SUNDAY.  
 
SMOKE MAY MIX WITH FOG EARLY THIS MORNING TO FURTHER DECREASE  
VISIBILITIES, PERHAPS BECOMING DENSE AT TIMES LESS THAN HALF A  
MILE. IT IS UNCLEAR JUST HOW REDUCED VISIBILITIES WILL BECOME.  
WHILE LOW IN CONFIDENCE, CANNOT RULE OUT SMOKE MIXING WITH FOG  
TO CREATE LOCALLY SEVERE REDUCTIONS IN VISIBILITIES, WITH  
VISIBILITY NEAR ZERO. SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THIS WOULD POSE  
SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL IMPACT TO TRAVEL CONDITIONS.  
 
   
.. POTENTIAL SEVERE STORMS MONDAY  
 
THERE IS AN EMERGING CONFIDENCE IN POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE STORMS  
MONDAY. AI GUIDANCE LIKE NCAR'S PANGU AND FENGU CONVECTIVE  
HAZARD FORECASTS BOTH HIGHLIGHT INCREASED PROBABILITIES ABOVE  
15% WITHIN PORTIONS OF NORTH DAKOTA INTO MINNESOTA MONDAY. WHILE  
THE STORM PREDICTION CENTER HIGHLIGHTS CENTRAL ND INTO DEVILS  
LAKE BASIN WITH A LEVEL 1 OUT OF 5 RISK FOR SEVERE STORMS,  
CONFIDENCE IS LOW IN LOCATION OF SEVERE STORMS DUE TO IMPORTANT  
SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE DETAILS REMAINING UNCERTAIN. MODERATE TO  
STRONG INSTABILITY APPEARS LIKELY TO BUILD SOUTH OF A  
DEVELOPING FRONTAL BOUNDARY SOMEWHERE WITHIN NORTH DAKOTA INTO  
NORTHERN OR CENTRAL MINNESOTA. THIS COUPLED WITH SUFFICIENT  
SHEAR AND INCREASED LOWER LEVEL FLOW WILL ALLOW FOR MAIN HAZARDS  
TO CURRENTLY FAVOR HAIL AND GUSTY WINDS (ALTHOUGH TO WHAT  
DEGREE REMAINS UNCERTAIN).  
 
ADDITIONALLY, HEAVY RAINFALL LEADING TO FLASH FLOODING IS  
POSSIBLE AS WELL. CURRENT MODELED GUIDANCE PRESENTS LARGE SWATH  
OF 1-2 INCHES OF RAINFALL OVER THE DAKOTAS INTO MINNESOTA  
MONDAY AND TUESDAY, WITH LOW PROBABILITIES OF 3-5 INCHES ALREADY  
SHOWING UP. COVERAGE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE  
WIDESPREAD GIVEN THE SLOW MOVING AND GENERALLY DIFFUSE NATURE OF  
FORCING FOR ASCENT IN THIS TYPE OF SYNOPTIC PATTERN, BUT WILL  
HINGE UPON OTHER MESOSCALE FACTORS LIKE INSTABILITY, BOUNDARY  
ORIENTATION/LOCATION, AND CLOUD- BEARING FLOW. THIS LOWERS  
CONFIDENCE IN COVERAGE, LOCATION, AND AMOUNT OF RAINFALL. THE  
WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER CURRENTLY HAS A LEVEL 1 OUT OF 4 RISK  
FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL LEADING TO FLASH FLOODING OVER OUR REGION  
FOR MONDAY AND TUESDAY.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z SUNDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 1259 PM CDT SAT JUL 12 2025  
 
MOST CEILINGS ARE VFR, BUT SMOKE FROM CANADIAN WILDFIRES  
CONTINUES TO KEEP MANY VISIBILITIES IN THE 3-6SM RANGE, WITH  
SOME LOCATIONS EVEN DOWN TO 2SM AT TIMES. THERE SHOULD BE A BIT  
OF A BREAK IN THE SURFACE SMOKE SOMETIME TONIGHT OR TOMORROW  
MORNING, BUT A LOT OF UNCERTAINTY AS TO EXACTLY WHEN. FOR NOW  
HAVE A BREAK LATE TONIGHT INTO TOMORROW MORNING FROM WEST TO  
EAST, THEN ANOTHER ROUND OF SMOKE TOWARDS THE END OF THE PERIOD.  
WINDS GUSTING FROM THE NORTHWEST AROUND 20 KTS THIS AFTERNOON  
WILL DECREASE AND BECOME MORE SOUTHWESTERLY AROUND 10 KTS BY  
MORNING, THEN BACK TO THE NORTHWEST FOR THE MORE WESTERN  
AIRPORTS BY 18Z SUNDAY.  
 
 
   
FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
ND...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
UPDATE...CJ/JR  
DISCUSSION...CJ  
AVIATION...JR  
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