243  
FXUS63 KFSD 242359  
AFDFSD  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD  
659 PM CDT TUE JUN 24 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- HIGHLY FAVORABLE PATTERN FOR REPEATED ROUNDS OF THUNDERSTORMS  
WITH HEAVY RAIN AHEAD. INITIAL FOCUS BEGINS INTO WEDNESDAY  
MORNING, WITH HIGHEST POTENTIAL FOR SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL  
WEDNESDAY EVENING INTO THE OVERNIGHT.  
 
- WIDESPREAD AMOUNTS OF 1 TO 3" ARE POSSIBLE, WITH SEVERAL  
INDICATORS OF HEAVY RAIN OF 3 TO 5" FOCUSED THROUGH NE  
NEBRASKA, NW IOWA, AND ADJACENT AREAS OF MN/SD.  
 
- GREATEST HEAVY RAIN RISKS WILL BRING INCREASED RISKS FOR  
URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLASH FLOODING. AREA RIVER FORECAST  
CONTINUE TO SUGGEST SOME FLOODING POTENTIAL, BUT RECENT  
DROUGHT MAY SUPPRESS HIGHER LEVEL POTENTIAL.  
 
- ISOLATED SEVERE STORM RISKS WILL BE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE NEXT  
TWO DAYS, FOCUSED MOSTLY WITH ELEVATED HAIL AND VERY BRIEF  
WIND GUSTS ALONG A BOUNDARY.  
 
- THE END OF THE WEEK BREAK IN RAIN WILL BE SHORT-LIVED WITH  
THUNDERSTORM RISKS RETURNING THIS WEEKEND. SOME SEVERE WEATHER  
POTENTIAL IS POSSIBLE.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
ISSUED AT 244 PM CDT TUE JUN 24 2025  
 
THIS AFTERNOON: THROUGHOUT THE DAY WE'VE BEEN IMPACTED BY  
SEVERAL SUBTLE SHORTWAVES MOVING THROUGH THE BROAD SOUTHWESTERLY  
FLOW. THESE WAVES, COMBINED WITH WEAK LOW-LVL WARM ADVECTION  
HAVE ALLOWED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TO PERSIST. WITH PWAT  
VALUES APPROACHING 150% OF NORMAL, WE'VE ALREADY OBSERVED  
RAINFALL TOTALS OVER 1-2" IN HIGHLY LOCALIZED POCKETS. WATER  
VAPOR AND LATEST ANALYSIS SUGGEST LATEST BAND OF MID-LVL  
VORTICITY WILL SLIDE EAST OF THE MID-MISSOURI RIVER VALLEY EARLY  
THIS EVENING, SO WILL MAINTAIN HIGHER END POPS ALONG OR SOUTH  
OF I-90 INTO EARLY EVENING.  
 
TONIGHT: AS WE MOVE THROUGH THE EVENING, WE'LL BEGIN TO WATCH TWO  
AREAS OF FOCUS, ONE OVER WESTERN NEBRASKA AND KANSAS AND A SECOND  
AREA ALONG A STALLED FRONTAL BOUNDARY STRETCHING ACROSS CENTRAL IOWA  
INTO SOUTHERN NEBRASKA. THE COMBINATION OF INCREASING MID-LVL  
VORTICITY AND ASSOCIATED INFLUENCE OF THE LLJ WILL DEVELOP  
WIDESPREAD CONVECTION IN BOTH AREAS LATER THIS EVENING.  
CONVECTION WILL LIFT NORTHEASTWARD TOWARD THE MO RIVER VALLEY  
AND TRI-STATE AREA MIDNIGHT, OVERTAKING MOST OF THE CWA NEAR OR  
AFTER DAYBREAK. PWAT VALUES ARE LIKELY TO SURPASS THE 2 TO 2.25"  
MARK (AOA 190% OF NORMAL) BY WEDNESDAY MORNING. WHILE THE  
PROGRESSIVE NATURE OF THE MID-LVL VORTICITY WILL LEAD TO MORE  
PROGRESSIVE RADAR ECHOS, AS WE'VE SEEN THIS AFTERNOON, ANY  
RAINFALL WILL PRODUCE MODERATE TO HEAVY RATES. SO WHILE THERE IS  
A BIT OF UNCERTAINTY ON THE OVERALL FOCUS OF THE HEAVIEST  
RAINFALL, HREF LPMM GUIDANCE INTO MID-MORNING WEDNESDAY WOULD  
SUGGEST LOCALIZED TOTALS OF 2 TO 3" MAY BE POSSIBLE ESPECIALLY  
OVER SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA, WITHIN A LARGER AREA OF 0.50" 1.5".  
 
WEDNESDAY: THIS LEAD WAVE WILL MOVE INTO WESTERN MINNESOTA BY MID  
TO LATE MORNING, BUT AS OFTEN HAPPENS IN THESE SETUPS A TRAILING  
CORRIDOR OF STRONGER 850MB WINDS (AND ASSOCIATED CONVERGENCE) MAY  
CONTINUE INTO THE AFTERNOON. WITH MODEST ELEVATED INSTABILITY (AOA  
1500 J/KG) SOME SCATTERED ELEVATED STRONGER STORMS MAY BE POSSIBLE  
THROUGH THE DAY MOSTLY ALONG AND SOUTH OF I-90. THE BIGGEST  
QUESTION MARK FOR WEDNESDAY WILL BE JUST HOW FAR NORTH THE 925:850  
MPH FRONT AND ASSOCIATED SURFACE FRONT WILL BE PULLED NORTH  
OVERNIGHT. TWO SCENARIOS MAY DEVELOP BY LATE IN THE DAY. SHOULD  
THE ECMWF/CMC/GFS VERIFY THE FRONTS ARE PULLED FAR ENOUGH NORTH TO  
GREATLY INCREASE THE HEAVY RAIN RISKS OVER AREAS FROM YANKTON  
TO SIOUX FALLS AND WINDOM AND AREAS SOUTHEAST. SHOULD THE  
NAM/FV3/ARW VERIFY, OVERNIGHT CONVECTION WILL DO A BETTER JOB  
SUPPRESSING THE FRONT FURTHER SOUTHEAST, REALLY FOCUSING THE  
HEAVIEST RAIN RISKS INTO WEDNESDAY EVENING/NIGHT ALONG AREAS  
FROM SIOUX CITY TO SPENCER.  
 
ALL THAT SAID, WE SHOULD BEGIN TO SEE A MARKED INCREASE IN  
CONVECTION ALONG THE LOW-LVL INSTABILITY GRADIENT EARLY  
WEDNESDAY EVENING AS ANOTHER ROUND OF MID-LVL VORTICITY MOVES  
INTO THE PLAINS. LOW-LVL CONVERGENCE INTO THE EAST TO WEST  
ELEVATED BOUNDARY SHOULD MAINTAIN A PERSISTENT CONVECTIVE RISK  
DEEP INTO THE NIGHT. THERE IS CERTAINLY AN INCREASED RISKS FOR  
LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN THROUGHOUT THE TRI-STATE AREA INTO THURSDAY.  
HREF LPMM GUIDANCE SUGGEST SOME HIGHER END TOTALS (IN ADDITION  
TO ANYTHING THAT FALLS INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING), COULD BE IN THE  
3 TO 5" RANGE. FOR THE OFFICIAL FORECAST, LEANING MUCH CLOSER TO  
THE 90TH PERCENTILE NBM QPF FORECASTS THROUGH THIS EVENT,  
ESPECIALLY ALONG AREAS WHERE THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY MAY RESIDE  
NEAR NW IOWA.  
 
THIS AMOUNT OF RAIN MAY CAUSE SOME ISSUES THROUGHOUT THE REGION,  
BOTH FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF THE POTENTIAL RATE OF RAINFALL BUT ALSO  
QUANTITY. STORM MOTION TONIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY MAY OWE TO MORE BRIEF  
URBAN AND SMALL STREAM ISSUES. A SECONDARY ROUND OF RAIN LATE  
WEDNESDAY INTO THURSDAY WILL BEGIN TO PULL IN THE AFOREMENTIONED  
RISKS, BUT ALSO SOME POTENTIAL FOR RIVER RESPONSES. RECENT  
DROUGHT CONDITIONS HOWEVER HAVE LEFT US AT A MUCH LOWER STARTING  
POINT ON RIVER THAN CONDITIONS ONE YEAR AGO THAT LED INTO  
WIDESPREAD FLOODING. WHILE A FLOOD WATCH WILL NOT BE ISSUED  
TODAY, DEPENDING ON HOW CONVECTION TRACKS TONIGHT INTO  
WEDNESDAY, WATCHES MAY BE POSSIBLE FOR PORTIONS OF THE AREA.  
 
THURSDAY-FRIDAY: HIGH PRESSURE MOVES INTO THE AREA FOR THURSDAY AND  
FRIDAY, BRINGING A RETURN OF DRIER CONDITIONS BUT ALSO COOLER  
TEMPERATURES ON THURSDAY. THE RETURN OF WESTERLY MID-LVL FLOW  
PUSHES THE THERMAL RIDGE EAST ON FRIDAY BRINGING WARMER  
TEMPERATURES.  
 
SATURDAY-SUNDAY: QUASI-ZONAL FLOW RETURNS FOR THE UPCOMING WEEKEND,  
WITH SEVERAL SHORTWAVE TROUGHS MOVING THROUGH THE NORTHERN PLAINS. A  
GREAT DEAL OF UNCERTAINTY BUILDS THROUGH THE WEEKEND REGARDING  
RETURN FLOW AHEAD OF THESE WAVES. THERE MAY CERTAINLY BE SOME  
STRONGER CONVECTIVE RISKS ALONG A WEAK FRONTAL BOUNDARY THROUGH  
THE CENTRAL DAKOTAS SATURDAY AND THEN OVER THE EASTERN DAKOTAS  
AND MINNESOTA SUNDAY.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z THURSDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 656 PM CDT TUE JUN 24 2025  
 
A COUPLE OF ROUNDS OF THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO MOVE THROUGH  
DURING THE PERIOD. THE FIRST MAIN ROUND WILL BE LATE TONIGHT INTO  
TOMORROW MORNING, AND THIS ONE WILL LIKELY FEATURE THE MORE  
WIDESPREAD ACTIVITY. STORMS ARE DEVELOPING IN SOUTHERN AND WESTERN  
NEBRASKA AT THE START OF THE PERIOD, AND THIS ACTIVITY WILL LIFT  
INTO OUR AREA FROM SOUTH TO NORTH AFTER 6Z TONIGHT. THIS ROUND OF  
SHOWERS AND STORMS WILL GRADUALLY EXIT THE AREA TO THE NORTHEAST  
WEDNESDAY MORNING. AS THESE STORMS MOVE THROUGH, EXPECT MVFR  
CONDITIONS TO PREVAIL, WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR SOME DROPS TO IFR AT  
TIMES IN THE HEAVIEST STORMS.  
 
ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND STORMS ARE SET TO DEVELOP WEDNESDAY  
AFTERNOON, BUT THIS SECOND MAIN ROUND OF ACTIVITY WILL BE MORE  
SCATTERED IN NATURE. STILL, THERE WAS ENOUGH CONFIDENCE TO ADD  
-TSRA AS A PREVAILING GROUP WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON FOR AT LEAST  
KSUX. VFR CONDITIONS WILL RETURN FOR PARTS OF THE AREA WEDNESDAY  
AFTERNOON IN BETWEEN ANY THUNDERSTORMS. WINDS WILL BE AROUND  
5-10 KTS TONIGHT, WITH WINDS INCREASING SLIGHTLY WEDNESDAY  
AFTERNOON AS PEAK GUSTS GET TO AROUND 15-20 KTS. THERE IS ALSO A  
VERY LOW (5% CHANCE) OF A 50 KT WIND GUST IN THE STRONGEST  
STORMS WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON.  
 
 
   
FSD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
SD...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
IA...NONE.  
NE...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
DISCUSSION...DUX  
AVIATION...SAMET  
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