449  
FXUS63 KFSD 131137  
AFDFSD  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD  
637 AM CDT MON OCT 13 2025  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- PATCHY AREAS OF FROST ARE POSSIBLE THIS MORNING MAINLY NORTH  
OF I-90 AND INTO SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA.  
 
- AN ACTIVE PATTERN ALOFT WILL LEAD TO INCREASED RAIN CHANCES  
(40-80%) TONIGHT INTO TUESDAY, WITH RAINFALL TOTALS THROUGH  
TUESDAY NIGHT BETWEEN 0.1" AND 0.4" ACROSS THE AREA.  
 
- AFTER A BRIEF RETURN TO BELOW NORMAL TEMPERATURES TO START THE  
WEEK, NEAR TO JUST ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES RETURN MID-WEEK.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
ISSUED AT 422 AM CDT MON OCT 13 2025  
 
COLDER AIR HAS FILTERED IN ACROSS THE AREA BEHIND YESTERDAY'S  
FRONTAL PASSAGE, AND CLEAR SKIES AND CALMING WINDS HAVE ALLOWED FOR  
SOME GOOD RADIATIONAL COOLING ESPECIALLY ALONG AND WEST OF THE  
JAMES RIVER. THIS IS WHERE TEMPERATURES HAVE ALREADY FALLEN TO  
THE MID-30S WITH A FEW MORE HOURS LEFT OF NIGHTTIME TO GO.  
HOWEVER, SOME HIGH CLOUDS MOVING IN FROM NEBRASKA WILL LIKELY  
PREVENT AREAS FROM REACHING THE FREEZING MARK THIS MORNING.  
STILL, PATCHY AREAS OF FROST ARE POSSIBLE MAINLY NORTH OF I-90  
INTO SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA. LIGHT SHOWERS HAVE DEVELOPED  
IN SOUTHERN NEBRASKA THIS MORNING ASSOCIATED WITH A WEAK UPPER  
WAVE AND THIS ACTIVITY WILL LIFT NORTH TOWARDS OUR AREA AND  
ARRIVE AROUND DAYBREAK NEAR THE MISSOURI RIVER VALLEY. A DRY  
SUB-CLOUD LAYER WILL PRETTY MUCH PREVENT ANY OF THIS RAIN FROM  
REACHING THE GROUND AND SO EXPECT DRY CONDITIONS THIS MORNING.  
WE'LL OTHERWISE SEE MOSTLY SUNNY TO PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES DURING  
THE DAY TODAY WITH HIGHS IN THE UPPER-50S TO MID-60S.  
 
A MORE WELL-DEFINED WAVE WILL MOVE OUT OF ROCKIES LATE THIS  
AFTERNOON AND BRING SOME INCREASING RAIN CHANCES TO THE MISSOURI  
RIVER VALLEY THIS EVENING. AT FIRST, THE NORTHEASTWARD-MOVING RAIN  
WILL STILL HAVE TO BATTLE A LOT OF DRY AIR BENEATH THE CLOUDS, BUT  
WITH CONTINUED RAINFALL INTO THE DRY SUB-CLOUD LAYER THROUGH THE  
NIGHT, THE LOW-LEVELS SHOULD GRADUALLY BEGIN TO SATURATE AND SO  
THERE WILL BE BETTER GROUND COVERAGE BY LATE TONIGHT INTO TOMORROW  
MORNING. THE UPPER-LEVEL WAVE PARADE CONTINUES INTO TUESDAY AND SO  
WILL THE RAIN CHANCES THROUGHOUT THE DAY. THERE WILL STILL BE SOME  
DRY AIR BENEATH THE CLOUDS FOR THE RAIN TO CONTEND WITH, BUT  
SOUNDINGS INDICATE RISING MOTION WITHIN THE DGZ AT TIMES WHICH  
COULD LEAD TO OCCASIONAL MODERATE RAINFALL MAKING IT THROUGH THE  
DRY LAYER ESPECIALLY TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING. ALL TOLD,  
WE LOOK TO SEE ANYWHERE BETWEEN 0.1" AND 0.4" TONIGHT THROUGH  
TOMORROW NIGHT. DUE TO THE RAIN CHANCES AND CLOUD COVER ON  
TUESDAY, EXPECT A CHILLY DAY WITH HIGHS ONLY IN THE 50S, THOUGH  
SOME OF US ESPECIALLY NORTH OF I-90 MAY STRUGGLE TO EVEN GET  
OUT OF THE 40S TOMORROW AFTERNOON!  
 
BY WEDNESDAY, AN UPPER-LOW MOVING INTO THE WEST-CENTRAL US WILL  
BEGIN TO EJECT ACROSS THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO WEDNESDAY NIGHT. AT  
THE SURFACE, A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM IS SET TO DEVELOP OUT OF THE  
ROCKIES AND MOVE NORTHEAST INTO WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA BY WEDNESDAY  
NIGHT. IT WILL DEEPEN AS IT DOES SO AND THUS WINDS WILL LIKELY START  
PICKING UP LATE WEDNESDAY INTO WEDNESDAY NIGHT. THE LOW PRESSURE  
SYSTEM WILL DRAG A COLD FRONT THROUGH THE AREA ON THURSDAY, WHICH  
WILL BRING MORE CHANCES OF RAIN TO OUR AREA. THIS WILL ALSO LIKELY  
LEAD TO SLIGHTLY COOLER TEMPERATURES ON FRIDAY AFTER A MID-WEEK WARM-  
UP, WITH GUIDANCE INDICATING A REINFORCING SHOT OF COOLER AIR  
(THOUGH STILL NEAR NORMAL TEMPERATURES) TO MOVE IN FOR THIS  
WEEKEND. FROM THERE, MODELS DIVERGE, WITH THE GFS AND EC  
SHOWING ANOTHER TROUGH DIVING INTO THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST WHILE  
THE CANADIAN HAS A WEAKER TROUGH MOVING ACROSS THE NORTHERN  
ROCKIES. WITH THAT, THE CANADIAN MODEL DRAGS ANOTHER COLD FRONT  
THROUGH THE AREA ON SUNDAY, WHILE THE GFS AND EC HOLD THAT OFF  
UNTIL NEXT WEEK.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z TUESDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 631 AM CDT MON OCT 13 2025  
 
VFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED THROUGH THE PERIOD. A FEW SHOWERS ARE MOVING  
TOWARDS THE MISSOURI RIVER VALLEY-AREA IN SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA TO  
START THE PERIOD, BUT THIS ACTIVITY IS NOT EXPECTED TO REACH THE  
GROUND DUE TO A DRY SUB-CLOUD LAYER. CLOUD BASES ARE AROUND 9-12  
KFT, SO SOME RAINDROPS MAY BE ENCOUNTERED JUST BELOW THESE LEVELS.  
THESE SHOWERS SHOULD FADE THROUGH THE MORNING HOURS AS THEY LIFT  
NORTHEAST.  
 
OTHERWISE, A BETTER COVERAGE OF SHOWERS IS EXPECTED TONIGHT AS AN  
UPPER-WAVE LIFTS NORTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE AREA. THERE WILL LIKELY BE  
SHOWERS IN THE VICINITY OF THE TAF SITES STARTING AROUND MIDNIGHT  
TONIGHT THROUGH THE END OF THE PERIOD, THOUGH ATTEMPTED TO NARROW  
DOWN THE TIMES WHEN RAIN WILL BE FALLING AT THE AIRPORTS USING  
LATEST SHORT-TERM GUIDANCE AS INDICATED BY THE PREVAILING -SHRA  
GROUPS. EITHER WAY, VFR CONDITIONS ARE STILL EXPECTED IN ANY SHOWERS  
TONIGHT.  
 
WINDS TODAY WILL BE AROUND 5-10 KTS, STARTING OUT OF THE NORTHWEST  
BUT GRADUALLY TURNING TO THE NORTH THEN NORTHEAST AS A HIGH PRESSURE  
SYSTEM SLIDES ACROSS THE NORTHERN PLAINS.  
 
 
   
FSD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
SD...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
IA...NONE.  
NE...NONE.  
 
 
 
 
 
DISCUSSION...SAMET  
AVIATION...SAMET  
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