830  
FXUS63 KFSD 291731  
AFDFSD  
 
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION  
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD  
1231 PM CDT TUE SEP 29 2026  
   
KEY MESSAGES  
 
- A BAND OF SHOWERS AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL SPREAD EAST  
ACROSS THE REGION THROUGH TODAY. MUCH OF THE REGION COULD SEE A  
QUARTER TO HALF INCH OF RAIN BY THIS EVENING, WITH HIGHEST  
AMOUNTS NEAR TO SOUTH OF I-90.  
 
- THE FORECAST HAS TRENDED DRIER FOR TONIGHT INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY,  
BUT A SECOND ROUND OF RAIN MAY LIFT BACK INTO AREAS SOUTH OF A  
VERMILLION SD TO SPENCER IA LINE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON INTO EARLY  
THURSDAY. IF THIS ROUND OF HEAVY RAIN LIFTS FAR ENOUGH NORTH, IT  
WILL BRING A POTENTIAL FOR AREAL FLOODING AND RISES ON LOCAL  
RIVERS IN NORTHWEST IOWA.  
 
- IMPACTS FROM HEAVY RAIN OVER THE NEXT FEW DAYS ARE STILL FOCUSED  
ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTHWEST IOWA AND NORTHEAST NEBRASKA. RAIN  
TOTALS OF 1 TO 2 INCHES ARE MOST LIKELY BY THURSDAY MORNING, BUT  
THERE IS STILL A LOW (20%) PROBABILITY FOR LOCALIZED AMOUNTS UP  
TO 3 TO 4 INCHES. A FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT.  
 
- DRIER WEATHER PREVAILS THURSDAY THROUGH FRIDAY AND AGAIN EARLY  
NEXT WEEK.  
 
 
   
UPDATE  
 
ISSUED AT 440 AM CDT TUE SEP 29 2026  
 
HEAVY RAIN POTENTIAL REMAINS THE FOCUS OVER THE NEXT 1-3 DAYS, AND  
THE LATEST MODELS HAVE TRENDED TOWARD A DRIER SOLUTION FOR MOST OF  
OUR FORECAST AREA. TODAY INTO EARLY THIS EVENING IS STILL ON TRACK  
TO BRING A BAND OF SHOWERS AND EMBEDDED NON-SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS  
EAST ACROSS THE REGION. THIS PORTION OF THE SYSTEM HAS TRENDED A  
BIT FASTER THAN WAS SEEN IN PREVIOUS DAYS, WITH THE RAIN MOVING  
EAST OF YANKTON TO SIOUX FALLS TO MARSHALL BY EARLY-MID AFTERNOON.  
STILL A CHANCE THAT FAR SOUTHEAST PORTIONS OF THE FORECAST AREA  
(SOUTH OF VERMILLION SD - SPENCER IA) COULD SEE LINGERING SHOWERS  
TONIGHT INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY. HOWEVER, LATEST MODELS HAVE SHIFTED  
THE GREATER POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN DURING THIS PERIOD CLOSER TO  
I-80 (IN CONTRAST TO NEAR HIGHWAY 20 AS WAS SEEN AT THIS TIME  
YESTERDAY), WHICH HAS DECREASED EXPECTED RAINFALL TOTALS IN OUR  
FAR SOUTHEAST BY AN INCH OR MORE.  
 
THIS BAND OF RAIN IS PROJECTED TO RETURN NORTHWARD INTO THE FAR  
SOUTHEAST PORTIONS OF OUR AREA WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH EARLY  
THURSDAY MORNING, THOUGH LOW CONFIDENCE IN WHETHER IT WILL REMAIN  
SOUTH OF SIOUX CITY TO STORM LAKE, OR LIFT FARTHER NORTH INTO OUR  
NORTHWEST IOWA COUNTIES. GIVEN THIS UNCERTAINTY, DECIDED TO LEAVE  
THE EXISTING FLOOD WATCH AS IS FOR NOW. IF THE SOUTHERN SHIFT IN  
THE STORM TRACK PERSISTS, THE RISKS OF RIVER FLOODING IN OUR AREA  
WILL LIKEWISE DECREASE AND THE WATCH MAY BE CANCELLED OR ADJUSTED  
ACCORDINGLY.  
 
 
   
DISCUSSION  
 
ISSUED AT 145 PM CDT MON SEP 28 2026  
 
LATE THIS AFTERNOON: STRATUS IS SHOWING SOME BREAKS AND LIFTING  
IN THE CLOUDS THROUGH EARLY THIS EVENING, MORE THAN PREVIOUSLY  
ANTICIPATED. MORE SUNSHINE FILTERING THROUGH MAY ALLOW TEMPERATURES  
TO RISE INTO THE LOW TO MID 70S.  
 
TONIGHT AND TUESDAY: CLOUDY, MILD, RAINY WEATHER TAKES HOLD TONIGHT  
THROUGH AT LEAST EARLY WEDNESDAY ACROSS THE REGION. REDEVELOPING AND  
THICKENING EVENING CLOUD COVER WILL KEEP TEMPERATURES MILD  
OVERNIGHT, ONLY DROPPING TO AROUND 60 DEGREES. BROAD WARM AIR  
ADVECTION AHEAD OF A NORTHERN STREAM SHORTWAVE WILL PROMPT SCATTERED  
SHOWERS AND ISOLATED STORMS TO SLOWLY SPREAD EAST FROM CENTRAL SD  
TOWARD THE I-29 CORRIDOR OVERNIGHT. A LOW LEVEL POOL OF MOISTURE UP  
TO ABOUT 3000FT MAY BRING DRIZZLE AHEAD OF THE MAIN AREA OF RAIN,  
BUT IT'LL TAKE THE SFC LOW AND ASSOCIATED LOW LEVEL JET TRACKING  
EAST OVERNIGHT TO SATURATE DRY MID LEVELS. SHOWERS SHOULD HOLD OFF  
NEAR AND EAST OF THE I-29 CORRIDOR UNTIL TUESDAY MORNING, SPREADING  
EAST THROUGH THE DAY. DESPITE MARGINALLY SUPPORTIVE DEEP LAYER SHEAR  
(25-40 KTS), WEAK INSTABILITY (<500 J/KG) SHOULD INHIBIT SEVERE  
WEATHER THREAT. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IS THE MAIN CONCERN THANKS TO  
OUR PROLONGED WET PATTERN. HIGH CONFIDENCE (>80%) OF MOST SITES  
NORTHWEST OF A SIOUX CITY TO SPENCER LINE WILL SEE AT LEAST A  
QUARTER INCH OF RAIN TUESDAY. MOST HIGHER RESOLUTION MODEL GUIDANCE,  
INCLUDING THE HREF LPMM, SUGGESTS A FEW SITES WILL SEE A 1+ INCHES  
OF RAIN BY TUESDAY EVENING.  
 
TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT: MID WEEK BRINGS INCREASED  
THREAT FOR HEAVY RAIN, LOCALIZED PONDING OF WATER ON ROADS AND OTHER  
SURFACES, AND RISES ON LOCAL RIVERS AS AN ADDITIONAL FEW ROUNDS OF  
RAIN PROGRESS THROUGH THE REGION. EARLY TUESDAY EVENING, RAIN SHOULD  
SAG SOUTHEAST FURTHER INTO IA, PROVIDING SOME BREAKS IN THE RAIN.  
OVERNIGHT THROUGH EARLY THURSDAY, A BROAD REGION OF WIDESPREAD,  
PERSISTENT SHOWERS AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS IS EXPECTED TO  
OVERSPREAD MUCH OF NE, IA, AND PORTIONS OF FAR SOUTHEAST SD AND  
SOUTHERN MN. DURING THIS PERIOD, STATIONARY FRONT STALLS AMIDST  
BROAD ASCENT FROM THE RIGHT ENTRANCE REGION OF THE UPPER JET AND THE  
REMNANTS OF HURRICANE POLO TRACK INTO THE CENTRAL U.S. OF PARTICULAR  
NOTE IS THE LOW LEVEL JET FEEDING IN MOISTURE-RICH, MONSOONAL AIR  
WITH PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES OF 1.75-2.00, NEAR THE MAX OF  
CLIMATOLOGY FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR.  
 
FROM TUESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING, AN AREA NEAR AND SOUTH OF A  
NORFOLK TO SIOUX CITY TO SPENCER LINE HAS A HIGH (>70%+) CHANCE OF  
RECEIVING AT LEAST 2 INCHES OF RAIN WITH POTENTIAL FOR A FEW  
LOCATIONS TO SEE 4 TO 5 INCHES. RECENT MODEL RUNS CONTINUE TO WOBBLE  
THE HEAVIEST AXIS OF RAIN ANYWHERE FROM THE HWY 20 TO THE I-80  
CORRIDOR. THIS AREA WITH THE HEAVIEST, MOST PERSISTENT RAINS  
NEAR/SOUTH OF A SIOUX CITY TO SPENCER LINE HAS THE GREATER POTENTIAL  
FOR ANY FLOODING IMPACTS. THERE IS DEFINITELY UNCERTAINTY IN THE  
NORTHERN EXTENT OF THE RAIN AS WELL. WHILE AREAS NEAR AND SOUTH OF  
LAKE ANDES TO MADISON AND PIPESTONE LINE (INCLUDING YANKTON, SIOUX  
FALLS, AND WORTHINGTON) HAVE A HIGH (>60%) CHANCE OF RECEIVING OVER  
AN INCH OF RAIN FROM TONIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING, LOCATIONS  
FURTHER NORTHWEST WILL BE MOSTLY DONE WITH RAIN BY TUESDAY NIGHT,  
MISSING THE LATER ROUNDS.  
 
THURSDAY THROUGH THE WEEKEND: A STRONG NORTHERN STREAM COLD FRONT  
TRACKING THROUGH LATE WEDNESDAY NIGHT KICKS THE DESERT SOUTHWEST  
TROUGH AND ASSOCIATED STATIONARY FRONT EASTWARD HEADING INTO  
THURSDAY. DRY AIR FILTERING IN AND SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE PASSING TO  
OUR NORTH BEHIND THE DEPARTING SYSTEM SHOULD BRING A MOSTLY DRY  
THURSDAY AND FRIDAY WITH INCREASING SUNSHINE. THURSDAY BRINGS A  
BREEZY NORTH WIND WITH COOLER AIR, BUT WE'LL SEE HIGHS HOVERING  
AROUND 60 DEGREES BOTH DAYS.  
 
AN EARLY LOOK AT NEXT WEEKEND SHOWS LITTLE TO NO NOTABLE WEATHER  
IMPACTS. EXPECT MOSTLY DRY CONDITIONS AND A SLIGHT WARM UP FOR  
SATURDAY. A PASSING NORTHERN STREAM FRONT ON SATURDAY NIGHT BRINGS A  
VERY LOW CHANCE OF RAIN NORTH OF I-90, BUT THE MAIN IMPACT LOOKS TO  
BE A COOL DOWN FOR SUNDAY.  
 
 
   
AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z WEDNESDAY/  
 
ISSUED AT 1231 PM CDT TUE SEP 29 2026  
 
WHILE LIGHT SHOWERS HAVE MOVED OUT OF KHON/KFSD, LOW MVFR/IFR  
CEILINGS WILL BE SLOW TO PUSH EASTWARD THIS AFTERNOON. AND THE  
EXTENT TO WHICH THESE CLOUDS CLEAR OR DON'T CLEAR LATER THIS  
EVENING AND OVERNIGHT WILL DETERMINE FUTURE FOG POTENTIAL. IF  
CLOUDS CLEAR, THERE COULD BE RAPID FOG DEVELOPMENT GIVEN WEAK  
NEAR SURFACE FLOW AND AMPLE MOISTURE FROM TODAY'S RAIN. IF  
CLOUDS HOLD, FOG MAY BE MORE PATCHY WITH LESS REDUCTION IN  
VISIBILITY. FOR NOW, WILL KEEP KHON FOG FREE AND KEEP MVFR  
CONDITIONS AT KFSD OVERNIGHT, BUT WILL NEED TO MONITOR TRENDS  
CLOSELY.  
 
AT KSUX, RAIN SHOWERS AND IFR CEILINGS WILL BE SLOWER TO MOVE  
OUT OF THE AREA GIVEN UPSTREAM ACTIVITY ACROSS NE, BUT SIMILAR  
TO KHON/KFSD, OVERNIGHT FOG POTENTIAL IS HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON  
OVERALL CLOUD COVER. WILL MAINTAIN TRENDS FROM PREVIOUS  
FORECAST, NOTING MVFR CONDITIONS OVERNIGHT WITH LIGHT AND  
VARIABLE WIND.  
 
 
   
HYDROLOGY  
 
ISSUED AT 440 AM CDT TUE SEP 29 2026  
 
PRECIPITATION THUS FAR THROUGH SEPTEMBER HAS BEEN AS MUCH AS  
150-400% OF NORMAL, LARGELY ERASING THE PREVIOUSLY EXISTING DROUGHT  
AND RESULTING IN WET SOILS ACROSS THE BROADER REGION.  
 
PROJECTED RAINFALL AMOUNTS THROUGH THURSDAY HAVE TRENDED DOWNWARD,  
WITH THE MOST LIKELY SOLUTION NOW REMAINING LESS THAN 2 INCHES.  
THIS HAS RESULTED IN A LOWER PROBABILITY FOR MINOR FLOODING TO  
LESS THAN 20% IN MOST LOCATIONS. HOWEVER, UNCERTAINTY REMAINS IN  
WHERE A SECONDARY BAND OF HEAVY RAINFALL WILL BE FOCUSED LATE  
WEDNESDAY INTO EARLY THURSDAY, WITH A HIGH-END RAINFALL POTENTIAL  
(10% CHANCE OF EXCEEDANCE) STILL IN THE 3 TO 4 INCH RANGE ACROSS  
THE EXISTING FLOOD WATCH AREA. WITH THIS IN MIND, WILL KEEP THE  
FLOOD WATCH IN PLACE FOR NOW. HOWEVER, THE POTENTIAL FOR RIVER  
FLOODING WILL ULTIMATELY DEPEND ON WHERE THIS AXIS OF HEAVIER  
RAIN FALLS, WITH THE MORE LIKELY SCENARIO RESULTING IN PONDING OF  
WATER IN LOW LYING AND POOR DRAINAGE AREAS.  
 
 
   
FSD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES  
 
SD...NONE.  
MN...NONE.  
IA...FLOOD WATCH FROM 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING THROUGH THURSDAY  
EVENING FOR IAZ014-021-022-031-032.  
NE...FLOOD WATCH FROM 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING THROUGH THURSDAY  
EVENING FOR NEZ014.  
 
 
 
 
 
UPDATE...JH  
DISCUSSION...BP  
AVIATION...ROGERS  
HYDROLOGY...JH/KALIN  
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